高邮凹陷构造特征研究
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摘要
本论文以构造几何学、运动学和动力学等理论为指导,在前人研究的基础上,应用大量基础数据,对高邮凹陷的构造形态、演化历史、形成机制等进行研究,并重点剖析了南部断阶带和北部斜坡带的构造特征。
高邮凹陷是苏北盆地东台坳陷中部的一个次级凹陷,内部由南向北依次划分为南部断阶带、中部深凹带和北部斜坡带三个二级构造单元。高邮凹陷在经历多次构造运动之后,形成了复杂的断裂系统,给地质认识和生产实践带来了一定的困难。因而理清其断裂发育特征和演化过程对油田生产具有重要的理论和实际价值。
真武断裂带、汉留断裂带和吴堡断裂带是高邮凹陷的三个主要断裂带,内部广泛发育类型众多的变换构造。断裂带自身具有各自不同的构造特征,分别在不同部位控制着凹陷的形成和演化,从而致使高邮凹陷不同部位的结构形态存在差异。依据主干断层的形态及构造样式等可将其分为西部、中部和东部三个区段,每个区段又具有不同的构造特征。
高邮凹陷先后经历了仪征运动、吴堡运动和三垛运动等几大规模构造运动,形成了区域性不整合面,依据不整合及其分隔的构造层的结构特点,可将高邮凹陷的沉积盖层划分为上、中、下三个构造层。各时期构造活动的强度不同,致使凹陷内众多断层的活动性也存在差异,利用断层生长指数和断层落差等定量表征参数分析了主干断层不同时期的活动性。
不同时期板块活动和区域构造应力场的变化影响着高邮凹陷的形成机制,同时附近的郯庐断裂也对凹陷的形成和演化具有重大的影响。总体来说,凹陷所处的苏北盆地属于中国东部大陆边缘的裂陷伸展盆地,因而从裂陷动力学机制和伸展动力学机制两方面探讨了高邮凹陷的形成机制,并着重对与油气相关的伸展构造、反转构造及变换构造等成因进行了分析。
南部断阶带是高邮凹陷南部的一个二级构造单元,长期以来真①、真②及真②′等主干断层的发育历史模糊不清,本论文通过对构造演化的分析及对断层活动的定量研究重新厘定了三条主干断层的发育历史,并利用构造物理模拟实验对其进行了验证。
北部斜坡带是高邮凹陷北部的一个二级构造单元,区内广泛发育上下两套中、新生代侵入的辉绿岩,在对它们形态进行分析的基础之上,搜集多种证据确定了两套辉绿岩的侵入时期。北斜坡复杂的断裂系统中发育类型众多的三、四级变换构造,对它们的正确识别可以指导建立构造解释模型,并剖析油气成藏规律。
在以上分析研究基础之上,从构造对烃源岩、油气运移、圈闭形成及油气富集带分布的影响等方面入手,综合分析了高邮凹陷构造对油气成藏的控制作用。
This thesis is guided by structural geometry, kinology and dynamics. Using lots of basic data, the structural form, evolution history and formation mechanism are researched. The structural feature of south terrace and north slope are analyzed stressly.
Gaoyou depression is one of the sub-depression of Subei basin. It could be compartmentalized as three sub-structural unit from south to north. They are south terrace, middle low-lying and north slope. Complex fracture system are formed after many structural movements. It is of high value to clarify the feature of fracture and evolution process.
Zhenwu fracture belt, Hanliu fracture belt and Wubao fracture belt are the three main fracture belts in Gaoyou depression whose formation and evolution are controlled by them in different parts. All the fracture belts are of their own structural feature. There are multitudinous transfer structure in the fracture belt. The textural shape of Gaoyou depression is different in different parts. It could be compartmentalized as western part, middle part and eastern part which are of different structural feature.
Yizheng movement, Wubao movement and Sanduo movement happened ordinally in Gaoyou depression and then regional unconformity formed. According to the feature of unconformity and stockwerke, the sedimentary cover could be compartmentalized as upper, middle and subjacent stockwerke. Fault activity is different because of different intensity of structural movement. Main fault activity of each period is analyzed by growth index and fault fall.
The formation mechanism of Gaoyou depression is influenced by the alternation of plate activity and regional structural stress field in each period. The formation and evolution of depression are also influenced by the Tanlu fracture nearby. Subei basin which Gaoyou depression lies in is a faulted extend basin of continental margin in east of China. So the formation mechanism of Gaoyou depression should be discussed in both faulted mechanism and extend mechanism. Then extend structure\reversal structure and transfer structure which are intently related to hydrocarbon are analyzed stressly.
South terrace is one of sub-structural unit in south of Gaoyou depression. In this area, the evolution history of the main faults including Zhen①fault, Zhen②fault and Zhen②′fault is burring. Through the analysis of structural evolution and quantitative research of fault activity, the development history of the three main faults is verified. It also could be supported by structural physical simulation.
North slope is one of the sub-structural unit in north of Gaoyou depression. Two sets of diabases which intruded in Meso-cenozoic develop widely in this area. On the base of morphological analysis, the intrude period of diabase is settled by many proof. Many kinds of transfer structure which develop in the complex fracture system are identified. It is useful to establish structural analyze model and dissect the rule of hydrocarbon.
Structure could effect oil source rock, hydrocarbon migration, trap formation and hydrocarbon abundance zone. Through the research above, the control action of structure to hydrocarbon in Gaoyou depression is analyzed.
高邮凹陷是苏北盆地东台坳陷中部的一个次级凹陷,内部由南向北依次划分为南部断阶带、中部深凹带和北部斜坡带三个二级构造单元。高邮凹陷在经历多次构造运动之后,形成了复杂的断裂系统,给地质认识和生产实践带来了一定的困难。因而理清其断裂发育特征和演化过程对油田生产具有重要的理论和实际价值。
真武断裂带、汉留断裂带和吴堡断裂带是高邮凹陷的三个主要断裂带,内部广泛发育类型众多的变换构造。断裂带自身具有各自不同的构造特征,分别在不同部位控制着凹陷的形成和演化,从而致使高邮凹陷不同部位的结构形态存在差异。依据主干断层的形态及构造样式等可将其分为西部、中部和东部三个区段,每个区段又具有不同的构造特征。
高邮凹陷先后经历了仪征运动、吴堡运动和三垛运动等几大规模构造运动,形成了区域性不整合面,依据不整合及其分隔的构造层的结构特点,可将高邮凹陷的沉积盖层划分为上、中、下三个构造层。各时期构造活动的强度不同,致使凹陷内众多断层的活动性也存在差异,利用断层生长指数和断层落差等定量表征参数分析了主干断层不同时期的活动性。
不同时期板块活动和区域构造应力场的变化影响着高邮凹陷的形成机制,同时附近的郯庐断裂也对凹陷的形成和演化具有重大的影响。总体来说,凹陷所处的苏北盆地属于中国东部大陆边缘的裂陷伸展盆地,因而从裂陷动力学机制和伸展动力学机制两方面探讨了高邮凹陷的形成机制,并着重对与油气相关的伸展构造、反转构造及变换构造等成因进行了分析。
南部断阶带是高邮凹陷南部的一个二级构造单元,长期以来真①、真②及真②′等主干断层的发育历史模糊不清,本论文通过对构造演化的分析及对断层活动的定量研究重新厘定了三条主干断层的发育历史,并利用构造物理模拟实验对其进行了验证。
北部斜坡带是高邮凹陷北部的一个二级构造单元,区内广泛发育上下两套中、新生代侵入的辉绿岩,在对它们形态进行分析的基础之上,搜集多种证据确定了两套辉绿岩的侵入时期。北斜坡复杂的断裂系统中发育类型众多的三、四级变换构造,对它们的正确识别可以指导建立构造解释模型,并剖析油气成藏规律。
在以上分析研究基础之上,从构造对烃源岩、油气运移、圈闭形成及油气富集带分布的影响等方面入手,综合分析了高邮凹陷构造对油气成藏的控制作用。
This thesis is guided by structural geometry, kinology and dynamics. Using lots of basic data, the structural form, evolution history and formation mechanism are researched. The structural feature of south terrace and north slope are analyzed stressly.
Gaoyou depression is one of the sub-depression of Subei basin. It could be compartmentalized as three sub-structural unit from south to north. They are south terrace, middle low-lying and north slope. Complex fracture system are formed after many structural movements. It is of high value to clarify the feature of fracture and evolution process.
Zhenwu fracture belt, Hanliu fracture belt and Wubao fracture belt are the three main fracture belts in Gaoyou depression whose formation and evolution are controlled by them in different parts. All the fracture belts are of their own structural feature. There are multitudinous transfer structure in the fracture belt. The textural shape of Gaoyou depression is different in different parts. It could be compartmentalized as western part, middle part and eastern part which are of different structural feature.
Yizheng movement, Wubao movement and Sanduo movement happened ordinally in Gaoyou depression and then regional unconformity formed. According to the feature of unconformity and stockwerke, the sedimentary cover could be compartmentalized as upper, middle and subjacent stockwerke. Fault activity is different because of different intensity of structural movement. Main fault activity of each period is analyzed by growth index and fault fall.
The formation mechanism of Gaoyou depression is influenced by the alternation of plate activity and regional structural stress field in each period. The formation and evolution of depression are also influenced by the Tanlu fracture nearby. Subei basin which Gaoyou depression lies in is a faulted extend basin of continental margin in east of China. So the formation mechanism of Gaoyou depression should be discussed in both faulted mechanism and extend mechanism. Then extend structure\reversal structure and transfer structure which are intently related to hydrocarbon are analyzed stressly.
South terrace is one of sub-structural unit in south of Gaoyou depression. In this area, the evolution history of the main faults including Zhen①fault, Zhen②fault and Zhen②′fault is burring. Through the analysis of structural evolution and quantitative research of fault activity, the development history of the three main faults is verified. It also could be supported by structural physical simulation.
North slope is one of the sub-structural unit in north of Gaoyou depression. Two sets of diabases which intruded in Meso-cenozoic develop widely in this area. On the base of morphological analysis, the intrude period of diabase is settled by many proof. Many kinds of transfer structure which develop in the complex fracture system are identified. It is useful to establish structural analyze model and dissect the rule of hydrocarbon.
Structure could effect oil source rock, hydrocarbon migration, trap formation and hydrocarbon abundance zone. Through the research above, the control action of structure to hydrocarbon in Gaoyou depression is analyzed.
引文
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