汽车动力总成悬置系统优化设计及动特性分析
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摘要
动力总成悬置系统连接动力总成与车架或车身,是隔离振动的重要元件。通过对悬置系统的设计与参数匹配可以减弱动力总成与车身之间的振动传递,降低车内噪声,从而提高乘坐舒适性,改善整车NVH(Noise Vibration and Harshness)性能。
本文结合“国家863计划”项目“轿车集成开发先进技术——汽车NVH控制技术”子课题“动力总成噪声振动控制技术”(编号:2006AA110101),对动力总成悬置系统进行优化设计,并对各个悬置元件的动特性进行研究,具有一定的工程应用价值。
首先,在对动力总成悬置系统研究的理论基础上,通过用数学软件MATLAB编写程序与机械系统动力学分析软件ADAMS建模两种方式,对悬置系统进行仿真计算,验证模型的准确性。并对悬置系统的固有频率、能量分布及受力情况进行分析。
其次,以能量解耦为目标,以各悬置的刚度为变量,考虑频率分布,振动位移等约束,采用遗传算法对悬置系统进行优化,使系统解耦度大大提高,频率分布更加合理。设计各悬置的性能曲线,使动力总成在各种工况下的位移满足要求,以保护动力总成。建立整车模型,对整车中悬置系统的隔振性能进行分析。
再次,应用有限元方法对动力总成的悬置元件进行性能分析。由于橡胶材料的非线性,应用非线性有限元进行分析。对于液压悬置,应用流固耦合理论,分别建立液压悬置中各部件的有限元模型,计算橡胶主簧静刚度及上液室体积刚度。建立完整的液压悬置模型,分析其静态及动态特性。
Powertrain mount system connects powertrain and vehicle body, is an important component to isolate vibration. The vibration transmission between powertrain and vehicle body can be reduced through design and matching the parameters of powertrain mount system. And noise inside the car can be lowered to improve ride comfort and NVH (Noise vibration and harshness) performance.
The thesis is based on the sub-project“Control Technology for vibration and noise of powertrain”of“Vehicle Integrated development Advanced Technology-Control: Control Technology on Vehicle NVH”, a project of“National Advanced-Tech Research and Development Plan”. This dissertation makes optimal design on powertrain mount system, and has research on the characteristic of each mount. The result is of great value in engineering application.
First, based on theory of powertrain mount system, model of the system is made by two ways: writing program by mathematical software MATLAB and modeling by mechanical system dynamics analysis software ADAMS. The simulation result validates accuracy of the model. And natural frequency, energy distribution and stress state are analyzed.
Second, this dissertation aims at the energy decoupling, takes the stiffness of each mount as variable, considers the natural frequency distribution and vibration displacement and uses Genetic Algorithm to optimize the mount system. The result shows that decoupling degree of the system is increased, and frequency distribution is more reasonable. The performance curve of each mount is designed to make sure that the displacement of powertrain is satisfactory in all work condition. The isolation performance of mount system is analyzed in full vehicle model.
Third, performance of the mount is analyzed with finite-element method. Nonlinear finite-element method is used for the nonlinearity of rubber material. The finite element model of Hydraulic Engine Mount (HEM) was established based on the Fluid Structure Interaction theory. The system parameters are calculated, and the static characteristic and dynamic characteristic are simulated.
本文结合“国家863计划”项目“轿车集成开发先进技术——汽车NVH控制技术”子课题“动力总成噪声振动控制技术”(编号:2006AA110101),对动力总成悬置系统进行优化设计,并对各个悬置元件的动特性进行研究,具有一定的工程应用价值。
首先,在对动力总成悬置系统研究的理论基础上,通过用数学软件MATLAB编写程序与机械系统动力学分析软件ADAMS建模两种方式,对悬置系统进行仿真计算,验证模型的准确性。并对悬置系统的固有频率、能量分布及受力情况进行分析。
其次,以能量解耦为目标,以各悬置的刚度为变量,考虑频率分布,振动位移等约束,采用遗传算法对悬置系统进行优化,使系统解耦度大大提高,频率分布更加合理。设计各悬置的性能曲线,使动力总成在各种工况下的位移满足要求,以保护动力总成。建立整车模型,对整车中悬置系统的隔振性能进行分析。
再次,应用有限元方法对动力总成的悬置元件进行性能分析。由于橡胶材料的非线性,应用非线性有限元进行分析。对于液压悬置,应用流固耦合理论,分别建立液压悬置中各部件的有限元模型,计算橡胶主簧静刚度及上液室体积刚度。建立完整的液压悬置模型,分析其静态及动态特性。
Powertrain mount system connects powertrain and vehicle body, is an important component to isolate vibration. The vibration transmission between powertrain and vehicle body can be reduced through design and matching the parameters of powertrain mount system. And noise inside the car can be lowered to improve ride comfort and NVH (Noise vibration and harshness) performance.
The thesis is based on the sub-project“Control Technology for vibration and noise of powertrain”of“Vehicle Integrated development Advanced Technology-Control: Control Technology on Vehicle NVH”, a project of“National Advanced-Tech Research and Development Plan”. This dissertation makes optimal design on powertrain mount system, and has research on the characteristic of each mount. The result is of great value in engineering application.
First, based on theory of powertrain mount system, model of the system is made by two ways: writing program by mathematical software MATLAB and modeling by mechanical system dynamics analysis software ADAMS. The simulation result validates accuracy of the model. And natural frequency, energy distribution and stress state are analyzed.
Second, this dissertation aims at the energy decoupling, takes the stiffness of each mount as variable, considers the natural frequency distribution and vibration displacement and uses Genetic Algorithm to optimize the mount system. The result shows that decoupling degree of the system is increased, and frequency distribution is more reasonable. The performance curve of each mount is designed to make sure that the displacement of powertrain is satisfactory in all work condition. The isolation performance of mount system is analyzed in full vehicle model.
Third, performance of the mount is analyzed with finite-element method. Nonlinear finite-element method is used for the nonlinearity of rubber material. The finite element model of Hydraulic Engine Mount (HEM) was established based on the Fluid Structure Interaction theory. The system parameters are calculated, and the static characteristic and dynamic characteristic are simulated.
引文
[1]吕振华,罗捷,范让林.汽车动力总成悬置系统隔振设计分析方法[J].中国机械工程,2003,14(3):265-269.
[2]吕振华,范让林.动力总成——悬置系统振动解耦设计方法[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(4):49-54.
[3]孙蓓蓓,张启军,孙庆鸿,等.汽车发动机悬置系统解耦方法研究[J].振动工程学报,1994,7(3):240-245.
[4]周志革,武一民,崔根群,等.发动机悬置系统参数的优化设计[J].机械设计,2003,20(3):53-55.
[5]梁天也,史文库,洪泽浩,等.发动机悬置系统优化设计[J].噪声与振动控制,2007,4:44-46.
[6]方锡邦,陈树勇,张文炬.轿车动力总悬置系统隔振性能的仿真研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(2):236-240.
[7]庞剑,谌刚,何华.汽车噪声与振动——理论与应用[M].北京:北京科技大学出版社,2006.
[8]王望予.汽车设计(第三版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[9] Yunhe Yu, Nagi G. Naganathan, Rao V. Dukkipati. A literature review of automotive vehicle engine mounting systems[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 2001,36:123-142.
[10] Le Fol Marcel, Robic Pascal. Hydroelastic Support, in Particular for the Suspension of a Motor in a Vehicle [P]. USA Patent, No.4893797 (1990).
[11] Lee Ping. Elastomeric Engine Mount with Hydraulic Damping [P]. USA Patent,No.4915365 (1990).
[12]李晓汉(译).汽车发动机的液压悬置[J].国外汽车,1986,34(5):14-17.
[13] Richard A. Muzechuk. Hydraulic mounts improved engine isolation [J]. SAE Technical paper series,840410.
[14] Bosengerg D. Boom J , Moterlagerungen im fahr-zeug mit integrierter hydraulishe dampfung-ein weg zur verbesser-ung des fahrkomforts [J]. ATZ,1978,81(10):25-33.
[15]张云侠.液阻悬置动态特性仿真与实验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[16] Jack yamaguchi. Electronically-controlled engine mounting system smooths transvers powerunite [J]. Automotive Engineering,Nov 1983.
[17] J.P.West. Hydraulically damped Engine Mounting [J]. Automotive Engineering,1987,12(1):17-19.
[18]季晓刚,章应雄,唐新蓬.汽车动力总成悬置研究的发展.汽车科技,2004,1(l):4-6.
[19] Stephen R.Johnson and Subhedar.J.W. Computer optimization of engine mounting systems [J]. SAE Paper 790974.
[20] P.E.Geek and R.D.Patton. Front wheel drive engine mount optimization [J]. SAE paper 840736.
[21]徐石安.发动机悬置的设计及其优化[J].汽车工程,1983,3.
[22]上官文斌,蒋学锋.发动机悬置系统的优化设计[J].汽车工程,1992,14(2):103-110.
[23]阎红玉,徐石安.发动机——悬置系统的能量解耦法及优化设计[J].汽车工程,1993,15(6):321-328.
[24]徐石安.汽车发动机弹性支承隔振的解耦方法[J].汽车工程,1995,17(4):198-204.
[25]史文库,林逸,吕振华,等.动力总成悬置元件特性对整车振动的影响[J].汽车工程,1997,19(2):103-107.
[26]史文库,林逸.发动机悬置支承在弹性基础上的隔振特性分析[J].汽车技术,1998,3(7):18-24.
[27]史文库,林逸,张建文,等.考虑弹性基础的发动机悬置隔振特性分析[J].内燃机学报,1998,16(2):232-237
[28]吴永胜. YBL6850H型客车发动机悬置系统的优化设计[D].吉林:吉林大学,2007.
[29]汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册设计篇[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.6:286-287.
[30] Marcos R.S.B.,Roberto S.B.. Comparative Study between Hydraulic and Elastomeric Mount,both Applied for Automotive Engine Mount System [J]. SAE Technical paper series,2006-01-2608.
[31]王福臣.应用电磁作动器的主动式液压悬置隔振性能研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2007.
[32]陈继红等.汽车发动机悬置系统的设计问题[J].噪声与振动控制,1999,2.
[33]梁天也,史文库,唐明祥.动力总成悬置隔振设计[J].噪声与振动控制,2007,12:39-41.
[34]侯勇,赵涛.动力总成悬置系统解耦设计[J].汽车工程,2007(29),12:1094-1097.
[35] J.Shane Sui,Clarence Hoppe,John Hirshey. Powertrain Mounting Design Principles to Achieve Optimum Vibration Isolation with Demonstration tools[J]. SAE Technical paper series, 2003-01-1476.
[36]孙登兴.汽车发动机悬置技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[37]王天利,孙营,田永义.基于能量解耦的汽车动力总成悬置系统优化[J].机械设计与制造,2006(7):31-33.
[38] J.H.金斯伯格(著),白化同,李俊宝(译).机械与结构振动[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2005.
[39]徐兀.汽车发动机现代设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995.8:103-108.
[40]张义民.机械振动力学[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2000.
[41]吕振华,范让林,冯振东.汽车动力总成隔振悬置布置的设计思想论析[J].内燃机工程,2004,25(3):37-43.
[42]陆金桂,李谦,王浩.遗传算法原理及其工程应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997.
[43]陈国良,王煦法,庄镇全,等.遗传算法及其应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[44]蒋开洪,徐驰,上官文斌.汽车动力总成悬置系统及悬置设计与实验验证[J].汽车研究与开发,2005,12:18-22.
[45]凌道盛,徐兴.非线性有限元及程序[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,2004.
[46]钱若军,董石麟,袁行飞.流固耦合理论研究进展[J].空间结构,2008,14(1):3-15.
[47] M.Souli , A.Quahsine , L.Lewin. ALE formulation for fluid-structure interaction problems [J]. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering,2000,190:659-675.
[48] N. Aquelet,M.Soul,L. Olovsson. Euler- Lagrange coupling with damping effects: Application to slamming problems [J]. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering,2006,195:110-132.
[49] ADINA-F Theory and Modeling Guide. ARD 06-9,November,2006:224-225.
[50]龙岩,史文库,骆联盟,等.橡胶主簧的有限元分析及对液阻悬置性能的影响[J].机电工程,2008,25(4):48-51.
[51]吕振华,梁伟,上官文斌.汽车发动机液阻悬置动特性仿真与实验研究[J].汽车工程,2002,24(2):105-111.
[2]吕振华,范让林.动力总成——悬置系统振动解耦设计方法[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(4):49-54.
[3]孙蓓蓓,张启军,孙庆鸿,等.汽车发动机悬置系统解耦方法研究[J].振动工程学报,1994,7(3):240-245.
[4]周志革,武一民,崔根群,等.发动机悬置系统参数的优化设计[J].机械设计,2003,20(3):53-55.
[5]梁天也,史文库,洪泽浩,等.发动机悬置系统优化设计[J].噪声与振动控制,2007,4:44-46.
[6]方锡邦,陈树勇,张文炬.轿车动力总悬置系统隔振性能的仿真研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(2):236-240.
[7]庞剑,谌刚,何华.汽车噪声与振动——理论与应用[M].北京:北京科技大学出版社,2006.
[8]王望予.汽车设计(第三版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[9] Yunhe Yu, Nagi G. Naganathan, Rao V. Dukkipati. A literature review of automotive vehicle engine mounting systems[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 2001,36:123-142.
[10] Le Fol Marcel, Robic Pascal. Hydroelastic Support, in Particular for the Suspension of a Motor in a Vehicle [P]. USA Patent, No.4893797 (1990).
[11] Lee Ping. Elastomeric Engine Mount with Hydraulic Damping [P]. USA Patent,No.4915365 (1990).
[12]李晓汉(译).汽车发动机的液压悬置[J].国外汽车,1986,34(5):14-17.
[13] Richard A. Muzechuk. Hydraulic mounts improved engine isolation [J]. SAE Technical paper series,840410.
[14] Bosengerg D. Boom J , Moterlagerungen im fahr-zeug mit integrierter hydraulishe dampfung-ein weg zur verbesser-ung des fahrkomforts [J]. ATZ,1978,81(10):25-33.
[15]张云侠.液阻悬置动态特性仿真与实验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[16] Jack yamaguchi. Electronically-controlled engine mounting system smooths transvers powerunite [J]. Automotive Engineering,Nov 1983.
[17] J.P.West. Hydraulically damped Engine Mounting [J]. Automotive Engineering,1987,12(1):17-19.
[18]季晓刚,章应雄,唐新蓬.汽车动力总成悬置研究的发展.汽车科技,2004,1(l):4-6.
[19] Stephen R.Johnson and Subhedar.J.W. Computer optimization of engine mounting systems [J]. SAE Paper 790974.
[20] P.E.Geek and R.D.Patton. Front wheel drive engine mount optimization [J]. SAE paper 840736.
[21]徐石安.发动机悬置的设计及其优化[J].汽车工程,1983,3.
[22]上官文斌,蒋学锋.发动机悬置系统的优化设计[J].汽车工程,1992,14(2):103-110.
[23]阎红玉,徐石安.发动机——悬置系统的能量解耦法及优化设计[J].汽车工程,1993,15(6):321-328.
[24]徐石安.汽车发动机弹性支承隔振的解耦方法[J].汽车工程,1995,17(4):198-204.
[25]史文库,林逸,吕振华,等.动力总成悬置元件特性对整车振动的影响[J].汽车工程,1997,19(2):103-107.
[26]史文库,林逸.发动机悬置支承在弹性基础上的隔振特性分析[J].汽车技术,1998,3(7):18-24.
[27]史文库,林逸,张建文,等.考虑弹性基础的发动机悬置隔振特性分析[J].内燃机学报,1998,16(2):232-237
[28]吴永胜. YBL6850H型客车发动机悬置系统的优化设计[D].吉林:吉林大学,2007.
[29]汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册设计篇[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.6:286-287.
[30] Marcos R.S.B.,Roberto S.B.. Comparative Study between Hydraulic and Elastomeric Mount,both Applied for Automotive Engine Mount System [J]. SAE Technical paper series,2006-01-2608.
[31]王福臣.应用电磁作动器的主动式液压悬置隔振性能研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2007.
[32]陈继红等.汽车发动机悬置系统的设计问题[J].噪声与振动控制,1999,2.
[33]梁天也,史文库,唐明祥.动力总成悬置隔振设计[J].噪声与振动控制,2007,12:39-41.
[34]侯勇,赵涛.动力总成悬置系统解耦设计[J].汽车工程,2007(29),12:1094-1097.
[35] J.Shane Sui,Clarence Hoppe,John Hirshey. Powertrain Mounting Design Principles to Achieve Optimum Vibration Isolation with Demonstration tools[J]. SAE Technical paper series, 2003-01-1476.
[36]孙登兴.汽车发动机悬置技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[37]王天利,孙营,田永义.基于能量解耦的汽车动力总成悬置系统优化[J].机械设计与制造,2006(7):31-33.
[38] J.H.金斯伯格(著),白化同,李俊宝(译).机械与结构振动[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2005.
[39]徐兀.汽车发动机现代设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995.8:103-108.
[40]张义民.机械振动力学[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2000.
[41]吕振华,范让林,冯振东.汽车动力总成隔振悬置布置的设计思想论析[J].内燃机工程,2004,25(3):37-43.
[42]陆金桂,李谦,王浩.遗传算法原理及其工程应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997.
[43]陈国良,王煦法,庄镇全,等.遗传算法及其应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[44]蒋开洪,徐驰,上官文斌.汽车动力总成悬置系统及悬置设计与实验验证[J].汽车研究与开发,2005,12:18-22.
[45]凌道盛,徐兴.非线性有限元及程序[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,2004.
[46]钱若军,董石麟,袁行飞.流固耦合理论研究进展[J].空间结构,2008,14(1):3-15.
[47] M.Souli , A.Quahsine , L.Lewin. ALE formulation for fluid-structure interaction problems [J]. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering,2000,190:659-675.
[48] N. Aquelet,M.Soul,L. Olovsson. Euler- Lagrange coupling with damping effects: Application to slamming problems [J]. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering,2006,195:110-132.
[49] ADINA-F Theory and Modeling Guide. ARD 06-9,November,2006:224-225.
[50]龙岩,史文库,骆联盟,等.橡胶主簧的有限元分析及对液阻悬置性能的影响[J].机电工程,2008,25(4):48-51.
[51]吕振华,梁伟,上官文斌.汽车发动机液阻悬置动特性仿真与实验研究[J].汽车工程,2002,24(2):105-111.