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非均质油藏选择性解堵技术研究
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摘要
注水开发油田,由于注入水质、地下流体及油层的自身特点,容易产生储层堵塞的现象,需要对堵塞油层进行解堵。对于纵向非均质油层,如果解堵施工前不进行预处理,解堵施工时注入的解堵剂大部分进入底水层,达不到解除油层堵塞的目的。
     研究通过大量的室内实验,研制了多元共聚物类暂堵剂及新型的复合解堵体系,并通过静态实验及岩心流动实验对两种体系进行了评价。研究结果表明:
     1.多元共聚物凝胶暂堵剂具有优良的选择性功能,挤入地层后遇水膨胀而遇油收缩,堵水不堵油,封堵底水层,而不堵塞中低渗透含油层,岩心实验中堵水率大于99%,堵油率小于14%。
     2.新型的复合解堵体系具有酸化、热解堵及泡沫气举的功能,且与暂堵剂几乎不发生作用,该体系在反应过程中放出大量的热和气体,热能在油层中进行径向和垂向传导,使油井近井地带温度增高,降低胶质、沥青质等高粘有机物粘度,增加其流动性,同时放出的大量高温气体进入油层孔隙,冲散“架桥”物质。打破毛细管力造成的油流阻力。
     3.通过柱状岩心、三层非均质长岩心流动实验证明:注入的暂堵剂胶体强度大,能够封堵高渗透油层,其突破压力远远高于中、低渗透油层的启动压力,而后向地层注入的新型复合解堵药剂只能进入中、低渗透油层,最终实现选择性解堵的目的。
In the oil field with water flooding, because of the quality of water injected, formation fluid and the reservoir characteristics, it is easy that the oil formation is plugged, then necessarily, the formation blocked is broken down, for the reservoir with high basal water, if the pretreatment is not carried out before it broken down, most of the blocking remover would enter the basal water, formation, which couldn't reach the aim of removing the plugging in reservoir.
    Through many experiments indoors, the poly-copolymer temporary blocking agent and the new complex blocking remover are developed out, and these agents are evaluated by the static experiments and core displacements. The results as follows:
    1. The poly-copolymer gel temporary blocking agent has the high selectivity performance, that is, after entering the formation, it expands with water while shrinks with oil, which blocks water, not oil, and it plugs the basal water layer, not the media-low-permeable oil formation. The water blocked coefficient is bigger than 99%, while the oil blocked coefficient smaller than 14%, in the core displacements.
    2. The new complex blocking remover has the performance with acidizing, thermal blocking removing and foam gas lifting, which seldom reacts with the temporary blocking agent. This system releases much heat and gas in the course of reaction, whose heat can enhance the temperature in the vicinity of wellbore and degrade the viscosity of the high-viscosity organism, such as colloid and bitumen, so as to upgrade the tlowability while it spreads in radial and vertical direction, and at the same time, a large amount of high-temperature gas released enter the formation pores can rush apart the "bridge" substance, which breaks the flowing drag force with capillary pressure.
    3. By the core displacements with cylinder and 3-layer long heterogeneous cores, it identifies: the strength of the temporary blocking gel injected is high enough to block the high-permeable oil formation, whose breakthrough pressure is much larger than the starting pressure in the media-low-permeable formation. Following that, the new complex blocking remover injected can only flow into the media-low-permeable formation. Finally, the goal broken down with selectivity is realized.
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