逆向物流的网络规划与运作模式研究
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摘要
随着人类环保意识和可持续发展观的强化,逆向物流逐步引起世界各国的重视,其经济价值日益凸显。目前,对逆向物流的研究主要集中在网络规划、库存控制与生产计划三个方面,大多数研究仅从静态、单一阶段的角度出发,缺乏对整个逆向物流所有结点的系统分析与研究。另外,对逆向物流战略合作伙伴的利润分配、信息系统设计与管理的研究相对匮乏。针对目前研究现状,本文主要对逆向物流的网络规划、库存控制、生产计划方面的关键问题以及战略合作伙伴的利润分配问题进行深入研究,并在此基础上对信息系统协同管理与设计进行了探讨。本文研究不仅具有重要的理论价值,而且对于逆向物流管理具有现实的参考价值。主要研究内容如下:
1、改进现有逆向物流网络系统结构,建立以处理中心为主导的逆向物流系统网络结构,并对处理中心的功能进行详细分析,确定工作流程。为满足逆向物流网络并行、同步的复杂关系,根据改进的逆向物流网络结构,利用赋时着色Petri网分别对直接再利用、再制造加工、再循环和商业退回四种逆向物流网络进行规划。
2、利用系统动力学方法,构建各自管理库存(SMI)模式与处理中心代管库存(CMI)模式的库存管理动态模型。通过模型效度测试验证模型完整性与有效性的同时,获得两种模式下的五个最敏感参数。建立模型绩效评估系统,对两种模型绩效进行对比分析,得出CMI模式优于传统SMI模式的结论。
3、建立逆向物流生产过程中最优拆卸次序的整数规划模型,对满足需求的部件数量、分离数量、持有数量、处置数量进行求解,并确定一个最优拆卸次序。关于求解方法,针对不含有持有成本的模型,使用一种快速搜索的求解算法;对于含有持有成本的模型,基于传统算法稍作改进后进行求解。
4、利用多人合作对策理论,基于作业流程的成本与收入构成分析,建立逆向物流战略合作伙伴利润分配的多人联盟决策模型,给出各结盟的特征函数,并分别采用Shapley值法、τ值法和GQP方法对模型进行求解。
5、构建逆向物流信息系统协同管理框架,在此基础上,对逆向物流信息系统进行业务流程分析,系统功能模块设计。进一步,对信息协同的效应及风险控制进行探讨。
With the intensification of people’s awareness about the environmental protection and sustainable development, reverse logistics have become increasingly important and their economic values are emerging gradually. At present, the studies on reverse logistics mainly focus on three aspects: network planning, inventory controlling and production planning. Most of the studies are based on the static and simplex state, which are lacking integral analysis of the system. In addition, some issues, such as disassembly planning, need to be improved. In this paper, some key problems of network planning, inventory controlling and production planning, benefit allocation of partners are studied in depth, synergetic management and design of information system are discussed. The study has not only significant theory value, but also referenced value about the reverse logistics management.
The main effort of the study can be concluded as follows:
Firstly, a network structure of reverse logistic leading by processing center is set up, which improves the existing one, and an operation flow of the whole process is established by detailed analysis of the processing center’s function. Based on the improved reverse logistics network structure and considering its characteristics of synchronous and complex, the directly reusable network, remanufacturing network, recycling network and commercial returns network are separately planned applying timed colored Petri net.
Secondly, separately managed inventory(SMI) model and center managed inventory(CMI) model are built employing system dynamics. Furthermore, the integrality and validity of the models are tested through the validity analysis, as the same time, five sensitive parameters are obtained. Additionally, through comparing the performance of the two models by performance measurement systems, the advantages of CMI model are identified.
Thirdly, integer programming(IP) model is set up to get the specific amount of returned products, disassembled parts, holding parts and disposal parts, and thus obtain the optimization disassembly order. This solution applies a faster and easier way to both models: one is with the holding cost and the other one is without the holding cost.
Fourthly, based on the analysis of cost and revenue, the benefit allocation model of reverse logistics partners is built employed n-person cooperation theory. Futhermore, the characteristic function of each partner is presented and Shapley method,τmethod and GQP method are applied to solve the model.
Finally, synergetic management frame of reverse logistics system is set up, additionally, the operation flow is analyzed and the function modules are designed. Furthermore, the information synergetic effect is explored and the matters about risk controlling are disscussed.
1、改进现有逆向物流网络系统结构,建立以处理中心为主导的逆向物流系统网络结构,并对处理中心的功能进行详细分析,确定工作流程。为满足逆向物流网络并行、同步的复杂关系,根据改进的逆向物流网络结构,利用赋时着色Petri网分别对直接再利用、再制造加工、再循环和商业退回四种逆向物流网络进行规划。
2、利用系统动力学方法,构建各自管理库存(SMI)模式与处理中心代管库存(CMI)模式的库存管理动态模型。通过模型效度测试验证模型完整性与有效性的同时,获得两种模式下的五个最敏感参数。建立模型绩效评估系统,对两种模型绩效进行对比分析,得出CMI模式优于传统SMI模式的结论。
3、建立逆向物流生产过程中最优拆卸次序的整数规划模型,对满足需求的部件数量、分离数量、持有数量、处置数量进行求解,并确定一个最优拆卸次序。关于求解方法,针对不含有持有成本的模型,使用一种快速搜索的求解算法;对于含有持有成本的模型,基于传统算法稍作改进后进行求解。
4、利用多人合作对策理论,基于作业流程的成本与收入构成分析,建立逆向物流战略合作伙伴利润分配的多人联盟决策模型,给出各结盟的特征函数,并分别采用Shapley值法、τ值法和GQP方法对模型进行求解。
5、构建逆向物流信息系统协同管理框架,在此基础上,对逆向物流信息系统进行业务流程分析,系统功能模块设计。进一步,对信息协同的效应及风险控制进行探讨。
With the intensification of people’s awareness about the environmental protection and sustainable development, reverse logistics have become increasingly important and their economic values are emerging gradually. At present, the studies on reverse logistics mainly focus on three aspects: network planning, inventory controlling and production planning. Most of the studies are based on the static and simplex state, which are lacking integral analysis of the system. In addition, some issues, such as disassembly planning, need to be improved. In this paper, some key problems of network planning, inventory controlling and production planning, benefit allocation of partners are studied in depth, synergetic management and design of information system are discussed. The study has not only significant theory value, but also referenced value about the reverse logistics management.
The main effort of the study can be concluded as follows:
Firstly, a network structure of reverse logistic leading by processing center is set up, which improves the existing one, and an operation flow of the whole process is established by detailed analysis of the processing center’s function. Based on the improved reverse logistics network structure and considering its characteristics of synchronous and complex, the directly reusable network, remanufacturing network, recycling network and commercial returns network are separately planned applying timed colored Petri net.
Secondly, separately managed inventory(SMI) model and center managed inventory(CMI) model are built employing system dynamics. Furthermore, the integrality and validity of the models are tested through the validity analysis, as the same time, five sensitive parameters are obtained. Additionally, through comparing the performance of the two models by performance measurement systems, the advantages of CMI model are identified.
Thirdly, integer programming(IP) model is set up to get the specific amount of returned products, disassembled parts, holding parts and disposal parts, and thus obtain the optimization disassembly order. This solution applies a faster and easier way to both models: one is with the holding cost and the other one is without the holding cost.
Fourthly, based on the analysis of cost and revenue, the benefit allocation model of reverse logistics partners is built employed n-person cooperation theory. Futhermore, the characteristic function of each partner is presented and Shapley method,τmethod and GQP method are applied to solve the model.
Finally, synergetic management frame of reverse logistics system is set up, additionally, the operation flow is analyzed and the function modules are designed. Furthermore, the information synergetic effect is explored and the matters about risk controlling are disscussed.
引文
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