用户名: 密码: 验证码:
广东河流生态系统服务价值评估
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文根据河流生态系统的功能特点,从河流生态过程探讨其服务项目,把广东河流生态系统服务分为直接服务价值和间接服务价值两大类,运用市场价值法、影子工程法、享乐价格法、造林成本法、机会成本法、代替花费法等评估方法,对广东河流的供水、供砂、发电、航运、水产品生产、输沙、文化娱乐、水分调节、成陆造地、固碳放氧、栖息地和净化水质12项服务价值进行评估。结果表明,广东河流生态系统每年提供的服务价值高达1956.07亿元,占广东当年生产总值的9.01%,占广东当年社会消费品零售总额的24.81%。其中间接服务价值为1491.92亿元,占总服务价值的76.27%,是直接使用价值的3.2倍。水分调节高达1268.79亿元,占总价值的64.86%,是主要的服务功能;供水价值为178.17亿元,占总价值的9.11%,是核心服务功能。
     从时间和空间尺度上对广东河流生态系统服务价值进行分析发现,广东河流生态系统服务价值在时空上不是一成不变的,不同年份,不同区域河段服务价值不同,呈现动态变化。从时间尺度上考虑,总体上呈缓慢增加趋势,从空间尺度上考虑,服务价值跟当地经济发展状况、经济发展方式、政府管理等密切相关。
     作为生态系统的主体,人类活动对河流生态系统服务价值的影响非常明显。人类在河岸的生产活动、开垦种植等会破坏河岸植被的生境,减少河岸植物多样性,降低河岸植物群落生物量从而降低河流生态系统服务价值。排放大量污水会污染破坏河流生态环境,降低河流生态系统服务价值;但排放少量生活污水却有利于提高河道藻类的生产力,提高河流生态系统固碳放氧服务价值。
     本研究运用切实可行的评估方法,首次对广东河流生态系统服务价值进行评价,结果对河流资源的利用和保护具有重要意义;为广东各级政府部门制定河流管理发展规划提供参考。
Using the methods of environmental economics, such as Market value approach,Shadow project method, Hedonistic pricing method, Reforestation cost approach,Opportunity cost method, Replacement cost method, the values of rivers ecosystemservices in Guangdong Province include fresh water supply, supplying sand, Hydro-energy,shipping, aquatic products, transporting sand, culture and recreation, water regulation, soilformation, CO_2 fixation and O_2 release, habitat, decontamination are assessed. The resultsshow that the total values are 195.61 billion Yuan RMB·a~(-1), which is 9.01% of GDPand 24.81% of total retail sales of consumer goods in Guangdong Province in 2005.Indirect values are 149.19 billion Yuan RMB·a~(-1), which is 76.27% of the total values.The water regulation value is 126.88 billion Yuan RMB·a~(-1), which is the main servicefunction.
     The economy values which rivers ecosystem of different reach provides is variablein different year. It increases slowly year after year and is relative to the economicdevelopment and the management of govemment.
     When human take advantage of many kinds of rivers ecosystem services to providenatural resources and living environment, they influence on rivers ecosystem servicesintensively. The impacts of human activities on rivers ecosystem services includenegative effects and positive effects. For example, planting vegetables would changehabitat, decrease biomass and reduce rivers ecosystem service values. It will pollutethe freshwater in stream processing of pollutants when a lot pollutant is let to rivers.But it is helpful to improve productivity of freshwater algae when a little sewage is letto rivers.
     Exerting feasible evaluation methods, this research evaluates the values of riversecosystem services in Guangdong Province for the first time. It is very important for usto understand the welfare which rivers ecosystem provides. And it is a necessary (butcertainly not the only) ingredient in pracrical policy.
引文
马定国,舒晓波,刘影等.(2003)江西省森林生态系统服务功能价值评估.江西科学,21(3):211~216.
    马翠欣,袁峻峰,董凤丽.(2004)上海市九段沙湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),33(2):98~101.
    王丰年.(2006)论生态补偿的原则和机制.自然辩证法研究,22(1):31~35.
    王素凤.(2000)中国河流生态系统与保护.中国水产,(9):73~75.
    王春辉.(2004)广东省水电资源及其开发利用.水利规划与设计,(4):5~9.
    王寿兵,王平建,胡泽园等.(2003)用意愿评估法评价生态系统景观服务价值——以上海苏州河为实例.复旦学报(自然科学版),42(3):463~475.
    王伟,陆健健.(2005)三垟湿地生态系统服务功能及其价值.生态学报,25(3):404~408.
    王伟,陆健健.(2005)生态系统服务功能分类与价值评价探讨.生态学杂志,24(11):1314~1316.
    王仰之.(1984)水的世界.北京:地质出版社.
    王健民,王如松.(2001)中国生态资产概论.南京:江苏科学技术出版社.
    王俊,李洪志.(2002)渤海近岸叶绿素和初级生产力研究.海洋水产研究,23(1):23~28.
    王微,李传奇.(2003)河流廊道与生态修复.水利水电技术,34(9):56~58.
    王欢,韩霜,邓红兵等.(2006)香溪河河流生态系统服务功能评价.生态学报,26(9):2971~2978.
    中电联统计信息部,(2006)2006年1~10月全国电力生产简况,中国电力企业管理.12:78~80.
    毛显强,钟瑜,张胜.(2002)生态补偿的理论探讨.中国人口资源与环境,12(4):38~41.
    刘梅珠.(2006)东江上游运输发展的探讨.珠江水运,(12):20~22.
    刘剑秋.(2006)闽江河口湿地研究.北京:科学出版社.
    庄大吕.(2004)洞庭湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估.经济地理.24(3):391~394.
    许中旗,李文华,闵庆文等.(2005)锡林河流域生态系统服务价值变化研究.自然资源学报,20(1):99~104.
    邢公奇,郭菊娥,何建武.(2003)黄河流域和长江流域水资源利用于价格变动效应分析.水利经济,21(6):37~41.
    叶茂,王晓峰.(2002)建国以来塔里木河流域生态环境研究进展与展望.新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),21(2):46~51.
    白军红,邓伟.(2001)中国河口环境问题及其可持续管理对策.水土保持通报,21(6):12~15.
    孙儒泳.(2003)动物生态学原理.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2003.
    孙刚,盛连喜,周道玮.(1999)生态系统服务及其保护策略.应用生态学报,10(3):265~368.
    乔光华,王海春.(2004)草原生态系统服务功能价值评估方法的探讨.内蒙古财经学院学报,(2)44~47.
    辛琨,肖笃宁.(2002)盘锦地区湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算.生态学报,22(8):1345~1349.
    李金昌.(1999)生态价值论.重庆:重庆大学出版社.
    李晶莹,张经.(2003)中国主要河流的输沙量及其影响因素.青岛海洋大学学报,33(4):565~573.
    杨琼,陈章和,沈鸿标.(2002)白云山森林生态系统间接经济价值评估.生态科学,21(1):72~75.
    吴玲玲,陆健健,童春富等.(2003)长江口湿地生态系统服务功能价值的评估.长江流域资源与环境,12(5):411~416.
    吴季松,袁弘任.(2002)水资源保护知识问答.北京:中国水利水电出版社.
    张乃莉,王娓,郭继勋.(2004)吉林省生态系统服务价值评估.生态科学,23(3):270~272.
    张明,曹梅英.(2002)浅淡城市河流整治与生态环境保护.中国水土保持,(9):33~34.
    余新晓,鲁绍伟,靳芳等.(2005)中国森林生态系统服务功能价值评估.生态学报,25(8):2096~2102.
    陈利顶,傅伯杰.(1996)榆林地区无定河流域土地生态系统分类与评价.土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,2(2):57~65.
    陈国平,黄建维.(2001)中国河口和海岸带的综合利用.水利水电技术,32(1):38~42.
    陈仲新,张新时.(2000)中国生态系统效益的价值.科学通报,45(1):17~23.
    郑明钰.(2004)珠江水运在“泛珠三角”经济区的地位和作用.珠江水运,(6):10~12.
    郑慈英.(1989)珠江鱼类志.北京:科学出版社.
    赵同谦,欧阳志云,王效科等.(2003)中国陆地地表水生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价,自然资源学报,18(4):443~452.
    赵军,杨凯,邰俊等.(2005)上海市河流生态系统服务的支付意愿.环境科学,26(2):5~10.
    欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.(1999)中国陆地生态系统生态服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究.生态学报,19(5):608~613.
    欧阳志云,赵同谦,王效科等.(2004)水生态服务功能分析及其间接价值评价.生态学报,24(10):2091~2099.
    国家环保局《水和废水检测分析方法》编委会.(1999).水和废水监测分析方法(第四版),北京:中国环境科学出版社.
    周冰冰,李忠魁,侯元兆等.(2000)北京市森林资源价值.北京:中国林业出版社.
    胡新艳.(2004)广州市流溪河流域白云区段生态系统服务价值的估算与分析.城市环境与城市生态,17(6):11~13.
    阎水玉,王祥荣.(1999)城市河流在城市生态建设中的意义和应用方法.城市环境与城市生态,12(6):36~38.
    阎水玉,王祥荣.(2002)生态系统服务研究进展[J].生态学杂志,21(5):61~68.
    栾建国,陈文祥.(2004)河流生态系统的典型特征和服务功能.人民长江,3501:41~43.
    郭中伟,李典谟,(1998)于丹.生态系统调节水量的价值评估——兴山实例.自然资源学报,13(3):242~248.
    候起秀,程迎春.(2005)对河流生命及其特征的初步认识.水利发展研究,3:60~62.
    徐俏,何孟常,杨志峰.(2003)广州市生态系统服务功能价值评估.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),39(2):268~272.
    徐中民,张志强等.(2003)生态经济经济学理论方法与应用.郑州:黄河水利出版社:128~132.
    殷作武.(2002)西电东送与广东小水电开发,中国电力企业管理,10:23~24.
    章锦河,张捷,梁玥琳等.(2005)九寨沟旅游生态足迹与生态补偿分析.自然资源学报,20(5):735~744.
    黄忠良,曹洪麟,梁晓东.(2000)不同生境和森林内微甘菊的生存与危害状况.热带亚热带植物学报,8(2):131~138.
    黄锡荃,苏法崇,梅安新.(1995)中国的河流.北京:商务印书馆.
    黄何,曾乐民.(2002)广东能源资源报告.广东科技,(9):10~15.
    崔丽娟.(2004)鄱阳湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估研究.生态学杂志,23(4):47~51.
    崔保山,杨志峰.(2001)吉林省典型湿地资源效益评价研究.资源科学,(3):55~61.
    鲁春霞,谢高地,成升魁.(2001)河流生态系统的休闲娱乐功能及其价值评估.资源科学,23(5):77~81.
    鲁春霞,谢高地,成升魁等.(2003)水利工程对河流生态系统服务功能的影响评价方法初探.应用生态学报,14(5):803~807.
    童春富.(2004)河口湿地生态系统结构、功能与服务.华东师范大学2004年度博士学位论文.
    曾乐民,黄何.(2006)广东能源发展现状与态势.能源技术,27(4):151~155.
    曾昭璇,黄伟峰.(2001)广东自然地理.广州:广东人们出版社.
    谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞等.(2001)中国自然草地生态系统服务价值.自然资源学报,16(1):47~53.
    谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法等.(2003)青藏高原生态资产的价值评估.自然资源学报,18(2):189~195.
    蔡庆华,唐涛,刘健康.(2003)河流生态学研究中的几个热点问题.应用生态学报,14(9):1573~1577.
    蔡庆华,唐涛,邓红兵.(2003)淡水生态系统服务及其评价指标体系的探讨.应用生态学报,14(1):135~138.
    蔡晓明.(2002)生态系统生态学.北京:科学出版社.
    熊怡,汤奇成,程天文等.(1991)中国的河流.北京:人民教育出版社.
    潘炯华.(1991)广东淡水鱼类志.广东:广东科技出版社.
    Amir S. (1994) The role of thermodynamics in the study of economic and ecological systems. Ecological Economics, 10: 125~142.
    Bjorklund J., Limburg K. Rydberg T. (1999) Impact of production intensity on the ability of the agricultural landscape to generate ecosystem services: an example from Sveden. Ecological Economics, 29: 291~269.
    Bolund P., Hunhammar S. (1999) Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological Economics, 29: 193~301.
    Boumans R., Costanza R., Farley J. et al. (2002) Modeling the dynamics of the integrated earth system and the value of global ecosystem services using the GUMBO model. Ecological Economics, 41: 529~560.
    Brismar A. (2002) River systems as providers of goods and services: A basis for comparing desired and undesired effects of large dam projects. Environmental Management, 29(5): 598~609.
    Burkholder J., Eggleston D., Glasgow H. et al. (2004) Comparative impacts of two major hurricane seasons on the Neuse River and western Pamlico Sound ecosystems. PNAS, 101(25): 9291~9296.
    Cairns J. (1997) Protecting the Delivery of Ecosystem Service. Ecosystem Healt, 3(3): 185~194.
    Costanza R, Arge R, Groot R, et al. (1997) The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital. Nature, 387 : 253-260.
    
    Costanza R, Daly HE. (1992) Natural capital and sustainable development. Conserv. Biol., (6) : 37-46.
    
    Daily GC, eds. (1997) Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington D. C. Island Press.
    
    Farber SC, Costanza R., Wilson MA. (2002) Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services. Ecological Economics, 41 : 375-392.
    
    Gibson CC, Ostrom E., Ahn TK. (2000) The concept of scale and the human dimensions of global change: a survey. Ecological Economics, 32 : 217-239.
    
    Goni MA., Ruttenberg KC, Eglinton TI. (1997) Sources and contribution of terrigenous organic carbon to surface sediments in the Gulf of Mexico. Nature, 389 : 375-378.
    
    Groot RS., Wilson MA., Boumans RMJ. (2002) A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecological Economics, 41 : 393-408.
    
    Guo ZW, Xiao XM, Gan YL , et al. (2001) Ecosystem functions and their values a case study in Xingshan County of China , Eco-Econ, 38 : 141-154.
    
    Gustavson K., Lonergan SC, Ruitenbeek J. (2002) Measuring contributions to economic production-use of an Index of Captured Ecosystem Value. Ecological Economics, 41 : 479-490.
    
    Hannon B. (1998) How might nature value man. Ecological Economics, 25 : 265-279.
    
    Heal G. (2000) Valuing ecosystem services. Ecosystems, 3 : 24-30.
    
    Holmund C, Hammer M. (1999) Ecosystem services generated by fish populations. Ecological Economics, 29 : 253-268.
    
    Howarth RB, Farber S. (2002) Accounting for the value of ecosystem services. Ecological Economics, 41 : 421-429.
    
    Karr JR, Chu EW. (2000) Sustaining living rivers. Hydrobiologia, 422 : 1-14.
    
    Konarska KM., Sutton PC, Castellon M. (2002) Evaluating scale dependence of ecosystem service valuation: a comparison of NOAA-AVHRR and Landsat TM datasets. Ecological Economics, 41 : 491-507.
    
    Limburg KE., Neill RV. , Costanza R. et al. (2002) Complex systems and valuation. Ecological Economics, 41 : 409-420.
    
    Levin SA. (1992) The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology, 73 : 1943-1967.
    
    Lockwood M. (1997) Integrated value theory for natural areas. Ecological Economics, 20 : 83-93.
    
    Loomis J , Kent P , Strange L , et al. (2000) Measuring the economic value of restoring ecosystem services in an impaired river basin : results from a contingentvaluation survey. Ecological Economics, 33 : 103-117.
    
    Mallin MA. (2000) Impacts of industrial animal production on rivers and estuaries. American Scientist, 88 : 26-37.
    
    McIsaac GE., David MB., Gertner GZ. et al. (2001) Nitrate flux in the Mississippi River. Nature, 414 : 166-167.
    
    O'Neill RV. , Kahn JR. (2000) Homo economicus as a keystone species. BioScience,50 : 333-337.
    
    Patterson MG. (1998) Commensuration and theories of value in ecological economics. Ecological Economics, 25 : 105-123.
    
    Patterson MG. (2002) Ecological production based pricing of biosphere processes. Ecological Economics. 41 : 457-478.
    
    Sandra P., Brian R., David B. (2004) Rivers for life: managing water for people and nature. Alternatives Journal, 30(3) : 665.
    
    Schneider DC. (2001) The rise of the concept of scale in ecology. BioScience, 51 : 545-553.
    
    Sweeney BW, Bott TL, Jackson JK, et al. (2004) Riparian deforestation, stream narrowing, and loss of stream ecosystem service. PNAS, 101(39) : 14132-14137.
    
    
    Trush WJ., McBain SM., Leopold LB. (2000) Attributes of an alluvial river and their relation to water policy and management. PNAS, 97(22) : 11858-11863.
    Turner RE., Qureshi N., Rabalais NN. et al. (1998) Fluctuating silicate: nitrate ratios and coastal plankton food webs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95: 13048~13051.
    Villa F., Wilson MA., Groot RD. et al. (2002) Designing an integrated knowledge base to support ecosystem services valuation. Ecological Economics, 41: 445~456.
    Ward JV. (1989) The four~dimensional nature of Iotic ecosystems. J North American Benthological Society, 8(1): 2~8.
    Wilson MA, Howarth RB. (2002) Discourse~based valuation of ecosystem services: establishing fair outcomes through guoup deliberation. Ecological Economics, 41: 431~443.
    Woodward R T, Wui Y S. (2001) The economic value of wetland services: a meta~analysis. Ecological Economics, 37: 257~270.
    Zettler LAA., Gomez F., Zettler E. et al. (2002) Eukaryotic diversity in Spain's River of Fire. Nature, 417: 137.
    广东水利厅,www.gdwater.gov.cn
    广东省人民政府,www.gd.gov.cn
    广东统计信息网,www.gdstats.gov.cn
    中国水资源公报,www.chinawater.com.cn
    中国农业信息网,www.agri.gov.cn
    中国河流泥沙公报,www.cws.net.cn
    中国统计局(中国统计年鉴),www.stats.gov.cn
    长江流域及西南诸河水资源公报,www.ejw.com.cn
    淮河水资源公报,www.hrc.gov.cn
    珠江片水资源公报,www.pearlwater.gov.cn
    黄河水资源公报,www.yellowriver.gov.cn
    水信息网,www.hwcc.com.cn

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700