河北省滨水植物景观特征与游憩功能评价研究
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摘要
滨水植物景观是滨水景观的重要组成部分,极具生态价值、美学价值以及旅游价值,因此研究滨水植物景观有助于河北省滨水植物景观建设,有助于提升河北的旅游区形象,有助于加快河北省生态文明建设。
首先,本文在查阅大量相关资料并结合河北省滨水植物景观实地调查的基础上,从自然滨水植物景观和城市滨水植物景观两方面总结了河北省的滨水植物景观资源现状。认为河北省虽然是一个干旱省份,但是湿地资源相对较多、类型较丰富。河北省自然滨水植物景观资源丰富、景观禀赋较好,拥有一批具有重大旅游、生态价值的滨水植物景观资源。本研究把河北省城市公园滨水植物景观作为重点,探讨了河北省城市公园的植物种类、种群、景观的形态特征、空间特征和美学特征。
其次,本文根据大众景观美学倾向评分和专家指标评分的结果,创建了滨水植物景观判别分析评价模型,建立了滨水植物景观评价体系,并将其应用于对河北省滨水植物景观的评价。通过对大众的问卷调查以及对河北省滨水植物景观中较好和较差景观的对比研究,分析得出河北省滨水植物景观建设中存在的问题和景观建设应该遵循的规律。此外,发现滨水植物景观中的城市公园滨水植物景观得分最高,自然景观得分次之,半自然景观得分最低。利用因子分析和判别分析的方法分析得出:物种多样性,群落的乡土性,色彩与季相能够较强地影响大众对景观的评价。
最后,针对河北省滨水植物景观的资源与开发现状,结合景观评价体系,运用景观生态学理论和景观美学理论提出了改善河北省滨水植物景观建设的原则和建议,即:发挥滨水植物生态作用;完善景观空间,提升景观韵律美;充实人性空间,倾注人文关怀,打造人文品牌。强调以生态美为基础,形态美为载体,人文美为灵魂的指导思想。
研究中的创新点
(1)本文第一次对河北省滨水植物景观进行了研究,并从自然滨水植物景观和城市公园滨水植物景观两个方面分析了河北省滨水植物景观的特征和现状。同时,根据植物地理学的思想和河北省地貌的特点,提出将河北省滨水植物景观划分为冀北山地及坝上东部滨水植物景观、华北平原滨水植物景观、太行山脉滨水植物景观和滨海植物景观这四种类型的滨水植物景观区系。
(2)创建了针对滨水植物景观的评价体系。首次利用判别分析法和因子分析相结合的方法创建景观评价模型。此外,在景观评价过程中加入了网络问卷调查的方法,极大提高了景观评价的效率。
(3)在评价指标体系中,引入了“潜在安全感和自我满足感的实现对受众偏好取向的影响”指标,从而将环境心理学应用到了滨水植物景观游憩价值评价的研究之中。
Waterfront plant landscape is an important component of waterfront landscape.It has ecological value,aesthetic value and tourism value very much,so study the waterfront plant landscape is contribute to construct Hebei waterfront plant landscape,help to enhance the image of Hebei tourist areas,effectively to speed up the process of ecological civilization construction.
In this paper,the author from the natural waterfront plant landscape and urban waterfront plant landscape in Hebei Province to sum up the status of the waterfront landscape plants, based on substantial relevant information and Hebei waterfront plant landscape field surveys. According to the public aesthetic landscape score and expert indicator score,the author creates a discriminant model of landscape evaluation,sets up a waterfront plant landscape evaluation system and evaluates Hebei waterfront plant landscape.
Firstly,this article concludes that while Hebei is a drought province,it has relatively higher and more abundant type wetland resources than other provinces.There are many natural waterfront plant landscape resources in Hebei.Those resources have a plenty of significant tourism and the ecological value.The study on the waterfront plant landscape in urban park in Hebei is focus on the types of plants,species,landscape morphology,spatial characteristics and aesthetic characteristics.
Secondly,through a questionnaire survey of the general public and a comparative study of the better and less landscapes in Hebei' s waterfront plant landscapes,the author had a result,namely,there are many problems in Hebei' s waterfront plant landscapes' construction and landscapes' construction must in accordance with the tourism and ecological value.In addition,the author found that the Waterfront plant landscapes in the city park won the highest score,followed by the natural landscapes,half of the natural landscape received the lowest in all waterfront plant landscapes.The author speculated the reasons for this situation. According to the factor analysis and discriminant analysis method,the author found that species diversity,native communities,color had a strong influence on the visual evaluation of the general public.
Finally,in view of the Hebei waterfront plant landscape resources and status quo, combined with landscape evaluation system,landscape ecology theory and landscape aesthetics theory,the author put some advices to improve Hebei waterfront plant landscape. The waterfront plant landscape' s construction should be based on those Principles and Recommendations,namely:the waterfront plant should be played an ecological role, improved its landscape space,enhance its visual rhythm,enriched humanistic care into its human space,built humanities brand.The whole waterfront plant ' s construction must be based on the ecological role,beautiful patterns and humanistic soul.
The innovation in this paper:
(1) It is the first time to study Hebei' s waterfront plant landscape.From the natural waterfront plant landscape and waterfront plant landscape of city park,the author analyzed the waterfront plant landscape's features and the status quo in Hebei Province.Based on the idea of plant geography and the characteristics of Hebei Province in this paper,the author put Hebei' s waterfront plant landscape into four types,namely,the eastern mountains and the eastern Bashang waterfront plant landscape,waterfront plant landscape in North Plain, waterfront plant landscape in Taihang Mountains and the coastal plant landscape.
(2) For waterfront plant landscape,the author created a landscape evaluation system. It is the first time to use discriminant analysis and factor analysis method to create landscape evaluation model,in addition,add network survey method in the process of landscape evaluation which greatly improved the efficiency of the landscape evaluation.
(3) The author proposed a problem "Realized the audience' s latent sense of security and self-satisfaction is much more important to impact the audience' s preferred orientation", while,the author add environmental psychology to the study of waterfront plant landscape.
首先,本文在查阅大量相关资料并结合河北省滨水植物景观实地调查的基础上,从自然滨水植物景观和城市滨水植物景观两方面总结了河北省的滨水植物景观资源现状。认为河北省虽然是一个干旱省份,但是湿地资源相对较多、类型较丰富。河北省自然滨水植物景观资源丰富、景观禀赋较好,拥有一批具有重大旅游、生态价值的滨水植物景观资源。本研究把河北省城市公园滨水植物景观作为重点,探讨了河北省城市公园的植物种类、种群、景观的形态特征、空间特征和美学特征。
其次,本文根据大众景观美学倾向评分和专家指标评分的结果,创建了滨水植物景观判别分析评价模型,建立了滨水植物景观评价体系,并将其应用于对河北省滨水植物景观的评价。通过对大众的问卷调查以及对河北省滨水植物景观中较好和较差景观的对比研究,分析得出河北省滨水植物景观建设中存在的问题和景观建设应该遵循的规律。此外,发现滨水植物景观中的城市公园滨水植物景观得分最高,自然景观得分次之,半自然景观得分最低。利用因子分析和判别分析的方法分析得出:物种多样性,群落的乡土性,色彩与季相能够较强地影响大众对景观的评价。
最后,针对河北省滨水植物景观的资源与开发现状,结合景观评价体系,运用景观生态学理论和景观美学理论提出了改善河北省滨水植物景观建设的原则和建议,即:发挥滨水植物生态作用;完善景观空间,提升景观韵律美;充实人性空间,倾注人文关怀,打造人文品牌。强调以生态美为基础,形态美为载体,人文美为灵魂的指导思想。
研究中的创新点
(1)本文第一次对河北省滨水植物景观进行了研究,并从自然滨水植物景观和城市公园滨水植物景观两个方面分析了河北省滨水植物景观的特征和现状。同时,根据植物地理学的思想和河北省地貌的特点,提出将河北省滨水植物景观划分为冀北山地及坝上东部滨水植物景观、华北平原滨水植物景观、太行山脉滨水植物景观和滨海植物景观这四种类型的滨水植物景观区系。
(2)创建了针对滨水植物景观的评价体系。首次利用判别分析法和因子分析相结合的方法创建景观评价模型。此外,在景观评价过程中加入了网络问卷调查的方法,极大提高了景观评价的效率。
(3)在评价指标体系中,引入了“潜在安全感和自我满足感的实现对受众偏好取向的影响”指标,从而将环境心理学应用到了滨水植物景观游憩价值评价的研究之中。
Waterfront plant landscape is an important component of waterfront landscape.It has ecological value,aesthetic value and tourism value very much,so study the waterfront plant landscape is contribute to construct Hebei waterfront plant landscape,help to enhance the image of Hebei tourist areas,effectively to speed up the process of ecological civilization construction.
In this paper,the author from the natural waterfront plant landscape and urban waterfront plant landscape in Hebei Province to sum up the status of the waterfront landscape plants, based on substantial relevant information and Hebei waterfront plant landscape field surveys. According to the public aesthetic landscape score and expert indicator score,the author creates a discriminant model of landscape evaluation,sets up a waterfront plant landscape evaluation system and evaluates Hebei waterfront plant landscape.
Firstly,this article concludes that while Hebei is a drought province,it has relatively higher and more abundant type wetland resources than other provinces.There are many natural waterfront plant landscape resources in Hebei.Those resources have a plenty of significant tourism and the ecological value.The study on the waterfront plant landscape in urban park in Hebei is focus on the types of plants,species,landscape morphology,spatial characteristics and aesthetic characteristics.
Secondly,through a questionnaire survey of the general public and a comparative study of the better and less landscapes in Hebei' s waterfront plant landscapes,the author had a result,namely,there are many problems in Hebei' s waterfront plant landscapes' construction and landscapes' construction must in accordance with the tourism and ecological value.In addition,the author found that the Waterfront plant landscapes in the city park won the highest score,followed by the natural landscapes,half of the natural landscape received the lowest in all waterfront plant landscapes.The author speculated the reasons for this situation. According to the factor analysis and discriminant analysis method,the author found that species diversity,native communities,color had a strong influence on the visual evaluation of the general public.
Finally,in view of the Hebei waterfront plant landscape resources and status quo, combined with landscape evaluation system,landscape ecology theory and landscape aesthetics theory,the author put some advices to improve Hebei waterfront plant landscape. The waterfront plant landscape' s construction should be based on those Principles and Recommendations,namely:the waterfront plant should be played an ecological role, improved its landscape space,enhance its visual rhythm,enriched humanistic care into its human space,built humanities brand.The whole waterfront plant ' s construction must be based on the ecological role,beautiful patterns and humanistic soul.
The innovation in this paper:
(1) It is the first time to study Hebei' s waterfront plant landscape.From the natural waterfront plant landscape and waterfront plant landscape of city park,the author analyzed the waterfront plant landscape's features and the status quo in Hebei Province.Based on the idea of plant geography and the characteristics of Hebei Province in this paper,the author put Hebei' s waterfront plant landscape into four types,namely,the eastern mountains and the eastern Bashang waterfront plant landscape,waterfront plant landscape in North Plain, waterfront plant landscape in Taihang Mountains and the coastal plant landscape.
(2) For waterfront plant landscape,the author created a landscape evaluation system. It is the first time to use discriminant analysis and factor analysis method to create landscape evaluation model,in addition,add network survey method in the process of landscape evaluation which greatly improved the efficiency of the landscape evaluation.
(3) The author proposed a problem "Realized the audience' s latent sense of security and self-satisfaction is much more important to impact the audience' s preferred orientation", while,the author add environmental psychology to the study of waterfront plant landscape.
引文
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[3]徐新洲.城市湿地公园植物景观研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2008.
[4]胡海鹰.天然风景胜西湖——避暑山庄湖区荷花赏析[J].承德民族职业技术学院学报,2004.3:96-98.
[5]陆健健,何文珊,童春富.湿地生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[6]Yanitsky O.Social.Problems of man's environment[J].The city and ecology,1987,1:174.
[7]Ann Breen,Dick Rigby.The New Waterfront[M].London:Thames and Hudson,1996.
[8]Waymark Janet.Modern garden design[M].London:Thames and Hudson.2003.
[9]苏雪痕.植物造景[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1994.
[10]王东宇,李锦生.城市滨河绿带整治中的生态规划方法研究——以汾河太原城区段治理美化工程为例[J].城市规划,2000,9:27-30.
[11]张涵.城市滨水区绿地生态空间构建的初步研究[D].沈阳:东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2003.
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[13]王春沐.论植物景观设计的发展趋势[M].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
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