牧草种子萌发对温度和水分胁迫的反应
|
摘要
本文报道了披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)等8种牧草种子的萌发特性和其对高温胁迫的反应。研究了内蒙古呼和浩特地区牧草种子播期的气温及土壤温度的变化节律,以及温度变化对披碱草、老芒麦(Elymu sibiricus)、蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum)和缘毛雀麦(Bromus ciliatus)等4种牧草萌发成苗的影响。对种子的吸水和萌发特性进行了测定。利用水分预调法对种子进行了旨在促进萌发和提高种子抗高温能力的处理。探讨了水分预调处理对种子萌发的影响及水分预调的生理生化基础。研究旨在为确定内蒙古地区牧草适宜的播种时期,及种子播前处理方式提供理论依据。
主要研究成果如下:
1、对发芽率、死亡率、休眠率、畸形苗率、峰值、日平均发芽率、发芽值、发芽系数、发芽指数、胚芽干重和活力指数这10个种子活力测定指标进行筛选。研究结果表明,发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、死亡率和休眠率这5个测定指标能够较真实、全面地反映种子活力水平。在不良的环境条件中,死亡率和休眠率是评价种子活力的较好指标。
2、供试牧草种子的适宜萌发温度为15～35℃;披碱草、老芒麦、蒙古冰草和缘毛雀麦种子萌发的最适温度分别为25℃、25℃或20/30℃、20/40℃或20/30℃和20/30℃。豌豆种子的发芽能力在恒温15℃和变温20/30℃下较好。毛苕子的最适萌发温度为10/20℃的变温。沙打旺和敖汉苜蓿种子的最适萌发温度为20℃。供试牧草种子在变温环境条件下的萌发表现较好,发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数等各项萌发指标均较高,而休眠率和死亡率均较低。
3、通过对内蒙古地区4至8月份的气温及土壤温度的测定和研究,指出牧草种子的适宜播种时期为:在内蒙古呼和浩特地区适宜在5月末到7月初进行播种;呼伦贝尔地区适宜在6月份播种;兴安盟的巴彦胡硕地区和通辽科尔沁地区在5月末播种较好;乌兰察布和鄂尔多斯地区牧草最好在秋季进行播种,但不宜晚于8月初。
4、牧草种子在吸水的过程中,吸水速度先快后慢,最后达到吸胀状态,种子进入萌发准备阶段。四种供试牧草种子,蒙古冰草种子的吸水能力最强;披碱草和老芒麦种子相若,居第二;缘毛雀麦种子的吸水能力最弱。
5、种子经吸湿未回干处理后,能够提高其发芽速度和发芽率,但对其成苗及幼苗的耐旱性有降低的影响。吸湿回干处理能够显著提高蒙古冰草和缘毛雀麦种子的发芽率;对披碱草、老芒麦种子没有显著影响。在吸湿程度较低的情况下,吸湿回干处理能够提高种子的活力指数,尤其是在吸湿达最大吸水率30%的处理,表现最为显著。种子在吸湿程度较高的情况下,对其发芽率和发芽指数有负面影响。吸湿回干处理能够在一定程度上,提高种子对高温逆境的耐性和抵抗能力。吸湿回干处理能够不同程度地提高种子的出苗率,其有随着吸胀程度的增加而提高的趋势;但处理降低了幼苗的耐旱性(披碱草种子吸湿达最大吸水率的30%处理除外)。湿干循环处理对披碱草、老芒麦、蒙古冰草和缘毛雀麦种子萌发的影响不同,蒙古冰草和缘毛雀麦的二次、三次回干对其种子萌发有降低的影响,其他处理均不显著。种子经过处理后,能够增强种子抵抗高温逆境的能力,披碱草、老芒麦和缘毛雀麦种子二次回干效果最好,蒙古冰草种子一次回干效果最好。
6、吸湿回干处理对质膜完整性的恢复有一定的促进作用。能够提高种子脱氢酶和过氧化物酶活性。在吸湿程度较低的情况下,种子脱氢酶活性的提高较显著。披碱草和老芒麦种子在萌发48h种子过氧化物酶活性,各处理均比对照显著提高;蒙古冰草种子在萌发12h时,各处理均显著比对照增高;缘毛雀麦种子在萌发的48h、72h时,其种子吸湿达最大吸水率的30%处理酶活性显著比对照高。
This thesis reports the study on germination behaviors and germination tolerance to high temperature of several forage seeds. Changes of ambient temperature and temperatures at different soil layers during sowing season were monitored and effects of temperature regimes on seed germinations of several grasses of Elymus dahuricus, E. sibiricus, Agropyron mongolicum and Bromus ciliatus were investigated. Seed imbibition and germination characters were observed and measurements on seed germination after hydro-conditioning treatments were conducted. Biological and physiological responses of seed germination to the hydro-treatments were probed. The aim of the study is to search for the optimum sowing times based on seed germination requirement and temperature conditions in the sowing season, and to seek the possibility of pre-sowing treatment in improving seed germination performance in order to overcome the difficulties for herbage crop seedling establishment in the Northern China grassland region. Main research results are summarized as follow:
1, Ten measurement indexes, i.e., germination percentage, dead seed percentage, dormant seed percentage, abnormal seedling percentage, peak germination percentage, daily germination percentage, final germination rate, germination co-efficiency, germination index, seedling weight and vigour index, are evaluated for their contributions to germination performance. The results showed that germination percentage, germination index, vigour index, dead seed percentage and dormant seed percentage are the most important indicators reflecting seed vigour level. Under unfavourable conditions, dead seed percentage and seed dormancy were the best alternative indicators, which can be used as reliable indexes for evaluating seed vigour when other measurements were not so effective.
2, Suitable germination temperature for the tested seeds is in the range of 15-35℃. Optimum germination temperatures for the grasses seeds of E. dahulicum, E. Sibricus, A. mongolicum and B. ciliatus are 25℃, 25℃or 20/30℃, 20/40℃and 20/30℃, respectively. Optimum germination temperatures for the legume seeds of Pisum sativum, Vicia sativa, Astragalus adsurgens and Medicago sativa cv“Aohan”are E. dahulicum, E. Sibricus, A. mongolicum and B. ciliatus are 15℃or 20/30℃, 10/20℃, 20℃and 20℃, respectively. High germination percentage, high germination index and high vigour index were observed under alternative temperatures. In contract, low dormancy percentage and low dead seed percentage were observed under the alternative temperatures.
3, Research on ambient and soil temperature changes during the period from April to August indicated that end of May to early July is the most suitable sowing time for the tested species in Hohhot area. Optimum sowing times for Hulunbeer area, Bayanhusu in Xingan League and Kerqin area, Wulanchabu and Erdos areas are in June, end of May, Autumn, respectively. No sowing should be made later than early August.
4, In regards to the seed imbibition behavours, tested seeds showed a fast-slow imbibition pattern. Agropyron mongolicum has the strongest imbibition capacity. Elymus species have similar imbibition capacities. Bromus ciliatus has the lowest imbibiton capacity.
5, The results of hydro-treatments showed that germination performances, in terms of germination speed and percentage, were enhanced by hydration treatments. However, the treatment reduced the seedling establishment and drought resistances of the seeds. Hydration - dehydration treatments had little effect on germination speeds and percentages of E. dahuricum and E. sibiricus. Low imbibition enhanced germination percentages of A. mongolicum and B. ciliatus High imbibation rates reduce seed germination percentages and seed vigour. Hydration-dehydration treatments enhanced seed vigour levels. Maximum enhancement was found when the seed had a moisture content of 30% of maximum imbibition. Hydration-dehydration treatments enhance seedling emergency rates, but reduce drought resistances of seedlings (except for the seeds of E. sibiricus in 30% of maximum imbibation. Two or three cycles of hydration-dehydration reduce germanition percentages of A. mongolicum and B. ciliatus seeds, but have little effects on other seeds. In summary, hydro-treatments had complicated effects on the seeds under different treatment conditions and seeds of different species had various responses to the treatments. Suitable hydration-dehydration treatments fordiferent seeds are recommended.
6, Hydration-dehydration treatment has positive effects on membrane re-organization, enhancing dehydration and peroxide enzyme activities. Under low imbibition conditions, dehydration enzyme activities have been greatly enhanced. Peroxide enzyme activities are enhanced after 48 hours of seed germination for E. dahuricum and E. sibiricus seeds under hydration-dehydration treatments. For A. mongolicum seeds, high peroxide enzyme activity is enhanced at 12 hours after germination. High enzyme activities were found at 48 hours and 72 hours after germination for B. ciliatus with T30 treatments.
主要研究成果如下:
1、对发芽率、死亡率、休眠率、畸形苗率、峰值、日平均发芽率、发芽值、发芽系数、发芽指数、胚芽干重和活力指数这10个种子活力测定指标进行筛选。研究结果表明,发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、死亡率和休眠率这5个测定指标能够较真实、全面地反映种子活力水平。在不良的环境条件中,死亡率和休眠率是评价种子活力的较好指标。
2、供试牧草种子的适宜萌发温度为15～35℃;披碱草、老芒麦、蒙古冰草和缘毛雀麦种子萌发的最适温度分别为25℃、25℃或20/30℃、20/40℃或20/30℃和20/30℃。豌豆种子的发芽能力在恒温15℃和变温20/30℃下较好。毛苕子的最适萌发温度为10/20℃的变温。沙打旺和敖汉苜蓿种子的最适萌发温度为20℃。供试牧草种子在变温环境条件下的萌发表现较好,发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数等各项萌发指标均较高,而休眠率和死亡率均较低。
3、通过对内蒙古地区4至8月份的气温及土壤温度的测定和研究,指出牧草种子的适宜播种时期为:在内蒙古呼和浩特地区适宜在5月末到7月初进行播种;呼伦贝尔地区适宜在6月份播种;兴安盟的巴彦胡硕地区和通辽科尔沁地区在5月末播种较好;乌兰察布和鄂尔多斯地区牧草最好在秋季进行播种,但不宜晚于8月初。
4、牧草种子在吸水的过程中,吸水速度先快后慢,最后达到吸胀状态,种子进入萌发准备阶段。四种供试牧草种子,蒙古冰草种子的吸水能力最强;披碱草和老芒麦种子相若,居第二;缘毛雀麦种子的吸水能力最弱。
5、种子经吸湿未回干处理后,能够提高其发芽速度和发芽率,但对其成苗及幼苗的耐旱性有降低的影响。吸湿回干处理能够显著提高蒙古冰草和缘毛雀麦种子的发芽率;对披碱草、老芒麦种子没有显著影响。在吸湿程度较低的情况下,吸湿回干处理能够提高种子的活力指数,尤其是在吸湿达最大吸水率30%的处理,表现最为显著。种子在吸湿程度较高的情况下,对其发芽率和发芽指数有负面影响。吸湿回干处理能够在一定程度上,提高种子对高温逆境的耐性和抵抗能力。吸湿回干处理能够不同程度地提高种子的出苗率,其有随着吸胀程度的增加而提高的趋势;但处理降低了幼苗的耐旱性(披碱草种子吸湿达最大吸水率的30%处理除外)。湿干循环处理对披碱草、老芒麦、蒙古冰草和缘毛雀麦种子萌发的影响不同,蒙古冰草和缘毛雀麦的二次、三次回干对其种子萌发有降低的影响,其他处理均不显著。种子经过处理后,能够增强种子抵抗高温逆境的能力,披碱草、老芒麦和缘毛雀麦种子二次回干效果最好,蒙古冰草种子一次回干效果最好。
6、吸湿回干处理对质膜完整性的恢复有一定的促进作用。能够提高种子脱氢酶和过氧化物酶活性。在吸湿程度较低的情况下,种子脱氢酶活性的提高较显著。披碱草和老芒麦种子在萌发48h种子过氧化物酶活性,各处理均比对照显著提高;蒙古冰草种子在萌发12h时,各处理均显著比对照增高;缘毛雀麦种子在萌发的48h、72h时,其种子吸湿达最大吸水率的30%处理酶活性显著比对照高。
This thesis reports the study on germination behaviors and germination tolerance to high temperature of several forage seeds. Changes of ambient temperature and temperatures at different soil layers during sowing season were monitored and effects of temperature regimes on seed germinations of several grasses of Elymus dahuricus, E. sibiricus, Agropyron mongolicum and Bromus ciliatus were investigated. Seed imbibition and germination characters were observed and measurements on seed germination after hydro-conditioning treatments were conducted. Biological and physiological responses of seed germination to the hydro-treatments were probed. The aim of the study is to search for the optimum sowing times based on seed germination requirement and temperature conditions in the sowing season, and to seek the possibility of pre-sowing treatment in improving seed germination performance in order to overcome the difficulties for herbage crop seedling establishment in the Northern China grassland region. Main research results are summarized as follow:
1, Ten measurement indexes, i.e., germination percentage, dead seed percentage, dormant seed percentage, abnormal seedling percentage, peak germination percentage, daily germination percentage, final germination rate, germination co-efficiency, germination index, seedling weight and vigour index, are evaluated for their contributions to germination performance. The results showed that germination percentage, germination index, vigour index, dead seed percentage and dormant seed percentage are the most important indicators reflecting seed vigour level. Under unfavourable conditions, dead seed percentage and seed dormancy were the best alternative indicators, which can be used as reliable indexes for evaluating seed vigour when other measurements were not so effective.
2, Suitable germination temperature for the tested seeds is in the range of 15-35℃. Optimum germination temperatures for the grasses seeds of E. dahulicum, E. Sibricus, A. mongolicum and B. ciliatus are 25℃, 25℃or 20/30℃, 20/40℃and 20/30℃, respectively. Optimum germination temperatures for the legume seeds of Pisum sativum, Vicia sativa, Astragalus adsurgens and Medicago sativa cv“Aohan”are E. dahulicum, E. Sibricus, A. mongolicum and B. ciliatus are 15℃or 20/30℃, 10/20℃, 20℃and 20℃, respectively. High germination percentage, high germination index and high vigour index were observed under alternative temperatures. In contract, low dormancy percentage and low dead seed percentage were observed under the alternative temperatures.
3, Research on ambient and soil temperature changes during the period from April to August indicated that end of May to early July is the most suitable sowing time for the tested species in Hohhot area. Optimum sowing times for Hulunbeer area, Bayanhusu in Xingan League and Kerqin area, Wulanchabu and Erdos areas are in June, end of May, Autumn, respectively. No sowing should be made later than early August.
4, In regards to the seed imbibition behavours, tested seeds showed a fast-slow imbibition pattern. Agropyron mongolicum has the strongest imbibition capacity. Elymus species have similar imbibition capacities. Bromus ciliatus has the lowest imbibiton capacity.
5, The results of hydro-treatments showed that germination performances, in terms of germination speed and percentage, were enhanced by hydration treatments. However, the treatment reduced the seedling establishment and drought resistances of the seeds. Hydration - dehydration treatments had little effect on germination speeds and percentages of E. dahuricum and E. sibiricus. Low imbibition enhanced germination percentages of A. mongolicum and B. ciliatus High imbibation rates reduce seed germination percentages and seed vigour. Hydration-dehydration treatments enhanced seed vigour levels. Maximum enhancement was found when the seed had a moisture content of 30% of maximum imbibition. Hydration-dehydration treatments enhance seedling emergency rates, but reduce drought resistances of seedlings (except for the seeds of E. sibiricus in 30% of maximum imbibation. Two or three cycles of hydration-dehydration reduce germanition percentages of A. mongolicum and B. ciliatus seeds, but have little effects on other seeds. In summary, hydro-treatments had complicated effects on the seeds under different treatment conditions and seeds of different species had various responses to the treatments. Suitable hydration-dehydration treatments fordiferent seeds are recommended.
6, Hydration-dehydration treatment has positive effects on membrane re-organization, enhancing dehydration and peroxide enzyme activities. Under low imbibition conditions, dehydration enzyme activities have been greatly enhanced. Peroxide enzyme activities are enhanced after 48 hours of seed germination for E. dahuricum and E. sibiricus seeds under hydration-dehydration treatments. For A. mongolicum seeds, high peroxide enzyme activity is enhanced at 12 hours after germination. High enzyme activities were found at 48 hours and 72 hours after germination for B. ciliatus with T30 treatments.
引文
1许鹏.草地资源调查规划学[M]中国农业出版社出版,2000,10
2杨汝荣.我国西部草地退化原因及可持续发展分析[J].草业科学,2002,19(1):23-27
3联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约(中文版).1994:7-8
4黄文秀等.西南牧业资源开发与基地建设[M].科学出版社,1991:67-69
5李博等.内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原自然资源与环境研究[M].科学出版社,1990:150
6李绍良.内蒙古草原土壤退化过程及其评价指标体系的研究[C].国家自然科学重大基金项目“北方草地优化生态模式研究”学术讨论会论文.1995
7陈佐忠.我国天然草地生态系统的退化及其调控.中国土地退化防治研究[M].中国科技出版社,1988:86-89
8李博.中国北方草地退化及其防治对策[J].中国农业科学,1997,30(6),1-9
9姜恕.草地退化及其防治策略[J].自然资源.1988,(3):54-61
10王亦风主编.黄土高原地区植被资源及其合理利用[M].中国科学技术出版社,1991:94-95
11许鹏主编.新疆草地资源及其利用[M].新疆科技卫生出版社,1993:256-259
12王月梅,张金林,司宗信.甘肃省草地资源退化原因及草地生态系统恢复途径[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8),495-498
13胡自治.草原分类学概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:247
14蒋德明,卜军,寇振武,曹成有,骆永明.沙地人工植物群落生物量动态及其更新途径[J].中国沙漠,1997,17(2):189-194
15李守德.浅论草业发展现状与对策[M].中国草地科学进展.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1998.19-22.
16牛书丽,蒋高明.人工草地在退化草地恢复中的作用及其研究现状[J].应用生态学报,2004,5(9):1662-1666
17贾树海,郭宝峰,董海峰,陈有君.锡林河沿河草甸人工草地的建立与土壤的盐渍化[J].中国草地,1996,4:12-15
18李德荣,王静,董闻达.百喜草在我国南方红壤坡地农业可持续发展中的应用与地位[J].江西农业大学学报,2003,25(6):948-956
19杨玉盛,何宗明,林光耀,罗学升.退化红壤不同治理模式对土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,1998,35(2):276-282
20周禾,董宽虎,孙洪仁.农区种草与草田轮作[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 1997
21 Hargrove WL. Winter legumes as anitrogen source for no-till sorghum[J].Agronomy Journal,1986.78(1):70-74
22 Ebelhar SA, Frye WW, Blevins RL, Nitrogen form legume covercrops for no-tillagecorn[J].Agronomy Journal,1984.76(1):51-55
23 Teixeire LAj, Testa VM, Mielniczuk J. Soil nitrogen, Nutrition an yield of maize affected by cropping systems[J].Revista Brasileira de ciencia do solo, 1994,18(2):207-214
24 Reynolds MP, Sayre KD, Vivar HE, Intercropping small graines with legume species under reduced N fertility to improve ground cover, N-Use effeiciency, and productivity, 15 th world congress of Soil Science Mexico, July,1994
25施建军,邱正强,马玉寿.“黑土型”退化草地上建植人工草地的经济效益分析[J]草原与草坪,2007(1):60-64
26韩建国.实用牧草种子学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社出版,1997:14-21
27田青松,建原,孔庆伟.西部大开发造就牧草种子大市场[J].内蒙古草业,2002,2:28-29
28毕辛华,戴心维.种子学[M].1993
29李聪,张智山,王晓斌,李维薇,罗健,苗丽宏,李蕾蕾.中国草种子生产现状及需求分析调研报告[C].2006年中国草业发展论坛论文集,2006:97-103
30韩建国,牧草种子学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社出版,2000,10
31项时康,孙善康,棉子萌发时的最适含水量[J].中国棉花,1981,6:41-42,24
32杜红英,张金祥,姜建国.不同作物种子萌发需水量和吸水速度的测定[J].湖北农业科学,1981,11:15—16
33黄振英, Yitzchak GU TTERMAN,胡正海.白沙蒿种子萌发特性的研究II.环境因素的影响[J].植物生态学报,2001,25 (2):240-246
34文彬,何惠英.西南紫薇种子贮藏与萌发特性的研究[J].种子,2002,(2):10-15
35文彬,兰芹英,何惠英.光、温度和土壤水分对坡垒种子萌发的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2002,10(3):258-262
36藤伊正,植物的休眠与发芽[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:95
37苏苏,山苏.水分胁迫条件下高粱种子的吸水机制及其可溶性糖代谢的变化[J].西北植物学报,1996,16(3):203-207
38曾彦军,王彦荣,萨仁.几种旱生灌木种子萌发对干旱胁迫的响应[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8):953-956
39 Ren J,Tao L,Liu X M.Effect of water supply onseed germination of soil seed-bank in desert vegeta-tion [J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2002, 44(1):124-126
40段德玉,刘小京,冯凤莲.不同盐分对盐地碱蓬种子萌发的效应[J].土壤肥料科学,2003,19(6):168-172
41余玲,王彦荣,孙建华.野大麦种子萌发条件及抗逆性研究[J].草业学报,1999,8(1):50-57
42余玲,王彦荣,孙建华.环境胁迫对布顿大麦种子萌发影响及种苗生长发育的影响[J].草业学报,2002,11(2):79-84
43曾彦军,王彦荣,张宝林.红砂和猫头刺种子萌发生态适应性的研究[J].草业学报,2000, 9(3):36-42
44鱼小军,王彦荣,曾彦军.温度和水分对无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子萌发的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):883-887
45刘伟玲,谢双喜,喻理飞.几种常见喀斯特森林树种种子发芽对水分胁迫的反应[J].贵州林业科技, 2003,31(1):17-21
46塔依尔,吕新,宋于洋,杨梅花,石鑫.不同温度处理对沙棘种子萌发影响的研究[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(6):514-51
47王进,陈叶,肖占文,陈广泉,金自学.光照、温度和土壤水分对孜然芹种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2006,42(6):1106—1108
48丁雪梅,李海燕,杨允菲,宋向华.温度对两种野生禾草种子发芽的影响[J].草原与草坪,2004,1:25—29
49 Ajmal Kan M, Ungar I A. Seed germination and dormancy of Polygonum aviculare L·as influenced by salinity,temperature,and gibberellin acid [J].Seed Sci.& Technol,1998,26:107-117
50余玲.虎尾草种子萌发特性的研究[J].草业科学,1999,16(3):51-54
51 Gul B,Weber D J. Effect of salinity, light, and temperature on germination in Allenrolfea occidentalis [J].Canadian Journal of botany,1999,77:240-246
52 Gulzar S,Khan M A.Seed germination of a Ha-lopytic grass, Aeluropus lagopoides [J].Annuals of botany,2001,87:319-324
53王学敏,易津.驼绒藜属植物种子萌发条件及其生理特性的研究[J].草地学报,2003,11(2):96-102
54林少敏.西藏沙生槐种子萌发特性研究[J].草业科学,2002,19(5):30-32
55程广有,唐晓杰,高红兵.东北红豆杉种子休眠机理与解除技术探讨[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,26(1):5-9
56叶常丰,戴心维.种子学[M].北京:农业出版社,1994
57 Perry D. A., Proc. Int. Seed Test. Ass., 1967,32:3-12
58 Perry D. A., Proc. Int. Seed Test. Ass., 1969,34:221-232
60董杰,贾学锋.全球气候变化对中国自然灾害的可能影响[J].聊城大学学报,2004,17(2):58-62
61胡卉芳.几种禾本科牧草种子萌发、休眠特性及耐旱性的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学硕士研究生论文,1998
62陈立松,刘星辉.植物抗热性鉴定指标的种类.干旱地区农业研究[J].1997,(15)4:72-74
63杜娟,关泽群.气候变化及其对农业的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(16):4898-4899,4905
64陈铁喜,陈星.近50年中国气温日较差变化趋势分析[J].高原气象, 2007, 26(1): 150-157
65赵庆云,李栋梁,吴洪宝.西北区东部近40年地面气温变化分析[J].高原气象, 2006, 25(4): 643-650
66张德宽,姚华栋,杨贤为.华北区年高温日数区域平均方法及趋势分析[J].高原气象, 2006, 25(4): 750-753
67曲迎乐,高晓清,陈文,,惠小英,周长春.近50年来我国东、西部地面气温和降水变化对比的初步分析[J].高原气象,2008,27(3):524-529
68翟盘茂,任福民.中国近四十年最高最低温度变化[J].气象学报, 1997, 55(4): 418-429.
69任朝霞,杨达源。近50a西北干旱区气候变化对农业的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(8):48-53
70翟盘茂,潘晓华.中国北方近50年温度和降水极端事件变化[J].地理学报,2003,58(增刊):1-10
71马柱国,符淙斌,任晓波,杨赤.中国北方年极端温度的变化趋势与区域增暖的联系[J].地理学报, 2003,: 11-20
72杨金虎,江志红,魏锋,吴胜安.近45 a来中国西北年极端高、低温的变化及对区域性增暖的响应[J].干旱区地理, 2006,29(5):625-631
73刘志民,李雪华,李荣平,蒋德明,曹有成.科尔沁沙地15种禾本科牧草植物种子萌发特性比较[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1416-1420
74李青丰,房丽宁,徐军.吸水剂对促进种子萌发的置疑[J].干旱地区农业研究,1996,4:56-60
75张国萍,倪日群,赵新亮,阮松林.水引发对干旱胁迫下水稻种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2002,2:20-22
76牛海山,旭日,王淑芬,宋炳煜.吸湿回干种子处理对小麦萌发期抗盐性的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(1):79-84
77王颖,穆春生,王彦靖,李晓宇.松嫩草地主要豆科牧草种子萌发期耐旱性差异研究[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(1):7-12
78陈本建.保水剂对多年生黑麦草出苗和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学. 2000,17(3):28-30
79祁桂林,张爱芳.保水剂对狼尾草幼苗耐旱效应[J].农业与科技.2005,25(6):45-47
80王彦荣.种子引发的研究现状[J].草业科学,2004,13(4):7-12
81吴敏,薛立,李燕.种子吸湿回干研究综述[J].种子,2005,24(4):46-49
82姜丽,韩建国,孙彦,王苏文.通气浸种处理对不同质量结缕草种子发芽和活力的影响[J].中国草地.2005,27(4):25-29
83王广印,韩世栋,周秀梅,李贞霞,张建伟.吸湿—回干和人工老化处理对蕹菜种子发芽的影响[J].河南农业科学,2006,6:89-90
84李敏.利用PEG渗调法提高牧草种子活力的研究[J].国外畜牧学-草原与牧草,1995,(3): 29-31
85罗庆熙.渗透调节及其条件对番茄种子萌发的影响[J].种子,1993,(3): 16-17
86郑光华,张庆昌.聚乙二醇(PEG)渗透调节法处理种子能提高活力[J].种子,1985,(2): 55-56
87 Heydecker, W. and Coolbear,P..Seed treatments for improved performance-suivey and attempted prognosis[J].Seed Science and Technology,1977(5):353-425
88郑光华,徐本美,顾增辉.PEG引发种子的效果[J].植物学报,1985,27(3):329-333
89 Bhattachayya,K.K.,Singupta,k.and Chtterjee,B. N., Physico-chemical seed invigoration for increasing crop yield [J].(Crop Productivity,ed by Srivastava, H.C. et al),New Delhi,Oxford and IBH,1986:413-426
90 Heckel P. A.,Physiology of plants under drougnt[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology.1964(15):363-386
91刘岩,陈杭,郑光华.吸湿回干处理对大豆种子抗吸胀冷害的生理效应[J].植物学报,1991,33,(3):219-225
92刘岩,陈杭,郑光华.种子吸湿回干处理的应用及原理[J].种子,1990,(5):34-35
93张子龙. DA-6浸种对水稻幼苗生长及抗寒性的影响[J]贵州农业科学,2001,29(4):14-16
94 Balki,A.S. and Padole,V.R.,Effect of presosaking seed treatments with plant hormones on wheat under conditions of soil salinity[J].Jiumal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,1982(30):360-365
95 Persson,B.,Enhancement of seed germination by plant growth regulators infused via acetone[J].Seed Science and Technology.1988,16(2):391-404
96夏含嫣,杜红梅,黄丹枫.GA3处理对仙客来种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2006,25(4):15-17
97杜国祯,马锦荣,常明.不同温度条件下亚高山草甸野生牧草种子发芽率和发芽势的研究[J].草业科学,1990,7(1):26-30
98张秋菊.微量元素对种子萌发的生理效应[J].种子,2004,23(10):45-47
99郑蔚红,冷建梅.青霉素、过氧化氢和高锰酸钾对沙棘种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2003(6):21-22,29
100 Liu Xiaodong.Effect of trace elements on growth of Pinrs tabulaeform is seeding[J].Journal of Forestry Research.2002,13(4):285-288
101傅强,杨期和,叶万辉.种子休眠的解破方法[J].广西农业生物科学,2003,22(3):230-234
102洪法水,马成仓,王旭名.钙和锌对玉米种子活力和萌发过程中酶活性的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,1999, 32 (2):110-112
103胡哲森.应用锌、硼提高柳杉种子活力初步研究[J].林业科技与发展,1997 (4):31-32
104 Fujikura Y, Kraak HL, Basra ASet al. Hydropriming, a simple and inexpensive priming method[J].Seed Sci Technol, 1993,21:639-642
105 Warren JE, Bennett MA. Seed hydration using the drum priming system[J].Hort Sci, 1997,32:1220-1221
106 Bradford KJ. Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions[J].Hort Sci, 1986,21(5):1105-1112
107 Parera CA, Cantliffe DJ. Presowing seed Pdming HortCultural Reviews, 1994, 16:109-141
108 Vertucci C W. The kinetics of seed imbibition: controlling factors and relevance to seedling vigor[A]. In: Stanwood PC. McDonadl M B. Seed Moisture [M]. CSSAS pecial Publieation,1989:93-115
109刘慧霞.紫花苜蓿种子水引发研究[D].兰州大学,2007
110阮松林,胡伟民,王洪秀等.贮前浸种-回干对杂交水稻种子抗劣变能力的影响[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998,24(6):631-632
111张国盛,其木格.预浸-回干处理对小叶锦鸡儿种子活力的影响[J].内蒙古林业科技,1995,(2):12-14
112韩蕊莲,侯庆春,邹厚远,等.用PEG引发沙打旺种子活力及抗逆性的研究[J]草业科学,1993,10(6):60-63
113曲文章,曲扬,高妙真.不同浸种处理对甜菜种子发芽率的影响[J].中国甜菜糖业,2007,1:15-19
114周冀蘅,汪邓民,李小河等.烟草种子浸种回干处理对其萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].烟草,1998,6:37-38
115李先恩,陈震,赵杨景.吸湿-回干处理对甘草种子萌发的作用[J].中国中药杂志,1995,20(1):13-15
116 AdamsR.. Germination of Callitris seeds in relation to temperature water stress priming and hydration dehydration cycles [J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1999, 43:437-448
117 Harris D. Pathan A.K. Gothker,P et. al.. On farm seed priming: using participatory methods to revive and refine a key technology [J].Agri.Systemms,2001,69:151-164
118 Heydicker W. Higgins.J.Terner.Y.J. Invigoration of seeds [J].Seed Sci. and Tech.. 1975,3:881-888
119傅家瑞.种子生理[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.335-375
120 Khan AA. Preplant physiological seed conditioning [J].Hort.Rev.1992,13:131-181
121 Medakadze I. C.,Prithiviraj B.,Madakadze R. M.,Stewart K.,Coulman B. E.,Smith D. L.. Effect of preplant seed conditioning treatment on the germination of switohgrass (Psnicum virgatum L. ) [J]. Seed Science an Technologu,2002,28:403-411
122叶安华,龙启炎,周国林,徐翠荣.不同沙藏处理对水芹种子发芽的影响[J].种子,2005,24(11):67-68
123巩振辉,何玉科,周新民,陈启林.人工老化和PEG引发对甜椒种子活力的影响[J].中国农学通报, 1991,7(2):31-35
124 Demir I. O. C.. Effect of salt Priming germination and Seedling growth at low temperatures in watermelon seeds during development[J]. Seed science and technology, 2003,31:765-770
125 Ellis R. H. Butcher P. D. The effect priming an natural difference in quality amongst onion seed lots on the response the rate of germination to temperature an the identification of the characteristics under genotypic control [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1988,39:935-950
126王彦荣,张健全,刘慧霞,胡小文.PEG引发紫花苜蓿和沙打旺种子的生理生态效应[J] .生态学报,2004,24(3):402-408
127 Hegarty T. W. The physiology of seed hydration and dehydration and the relation between water stress sand the control of germination are view [J]. Plant Cell and Environment, 1978,1:101-109
128 VincentE.M.,CaversP.B.. The effects of wetting and drying on the subsequent germination of Rumexcrispus [J]. Canadian Journal of Botany,1978,56(2):2207-2217
129严青,马玉寿,施建军.三种禾草萌发期抗旱性研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2006,36(5):11-13
130陶玲,任苏.不同种子预处理对10种沙拐枣植物萌发的影响(英)[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(4):601-609
131王丽娟,李青丰.预措处理对禾本科牧草种子萌发、成苗及幼苗耐旱性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(1):45-49
132 Naylor R. E.,Syversen S. K.. Assessment of seed vigour in ltalian ryegrass [J].Seed Science and Technology,1988,16:419-426
133 Penakoza A. P. S.,Eira M. T. S. Hydration-dehydration treatments on tomato seeds(Lycopersicon elculentum ) [J].Seed Science and Technology,1993,21:309-316.
134韩建国,钱俊芝,刘自学. PEG渗调处理改善结缕草种子活力的研究[J]中国草地,2000, 3:22-28.
135方丽,裴瑞杰.水杨酸对辣椒种子发芽与活力的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2007,35(30):9465-9466,9489
136韩建国.牧草种子学[M].中国农业大学出版社,北京:2000
137孙建华,王彦荣,余玲,卫东.聚乙二醇引发对几种牧草种子发芽率和活力的影响[J].草业学报,1999,8(2):34-42
138王广印,马杰,周秀梅,林紫玉.红梗叶甜菜种子发芽特性的研究[J]广西农业生物科学,2005,24(3):235-240
139杨江山,李晨.不同处理对观赏南瓜种子发芽质量的影响[J]甘肃农业科技,2004,1:27-29
140姜虎生,石德成.壳聚糖对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):117-119,123
141王延峰,宋爱玲,郭力民,郝振荣.不同浓度的壳聚糖处理对玉米种子萌发的影响初报[J].2002,1:63-63,76
142张亚娟,陈垣,高宏,黎天,郭凤霞.种子处理及田间覆盖对独一味种子萌发的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2007,42(3):60-63
143 Woodstock L. W.,Tao K. L. J. Prevention of imbibition injury in low vigor soybean embryonic axes by osmotic control of water uptake [J]. Physiology plant, 1981,51:133-139
144 Pandey D. K. Priming induced alleviation of the effects of natural ageing derived selective leakage of constituents in French bean seed[J].Seed Science and Technology,1989,21:97-105
145巩振辉,王得元,王鸣,卢云仙.辣椒种子湿干间隙处理的生理生化效应[J].河北农业技术师范学院学报,1993,7(2):31-37
146梁铮,赵元,郑光华.聚乙二醇处理大豆种子子叶中几种酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量的变化[J].植物生理学报,1991,17(1):20-24
147 Sung F. J. M,Chang Y. H.Bioche mical activities associated with priming of sweet corn seeds to improve vigor[J].Seed Science and Technology,1993,17:391-397
148 Rudrapal D,Nakamura S.. The effect of Hydration-dehydration pretreatments on eggplant and radish seed viability and vigor Seed [J].Science and Technology,1998,16(1):123-130
149 Bohnert H. J. Shen B. Transformation and compatible solutes[J] .Scientia Horticulture, 1999,78:237-260
150 Cocucci M.,Negrini N.. Changes in the levels of calmodulin and of a calmodulin inhibitor in the early phases of radish(Raphanus sativus L.) seed germination [J].Effects of ABA and Fusicoccin .1988,88:910-914
151 Mazor L.,Perl M.,Negbi M..Changes in some ATP-dependent activities in seeds during treatment with polyethylene glycol and during process [J].J.of Exp. Bot. ,1984,35:1119-1127
152 Dabison P. A., Taylor R. M. Bray C. M. Changes in ribosomal RNA integrity in leek ( Allium porrum L. ) seeds duing osmotic priming and drying - back treatments[J].Seed Sci. Res. ,1991,1:37-44
153 Bray C. M. , Dabison P. A.,Ashraf M., et al. Biochemical changes during osmotic priming of leek seeds [J].Annals of Bot.,1989,63: 185-193
154 Coobear P.,Slater R. J.,Bryant J. A. Changes in nucleic acid levels associated with improved germination performance of tomato seeds after low-temperature pre-sowing treatment [J].Annals of Bot.,1990,65: 187-195
155 Fujikura Y. Karssen C. M. Effects of controlled deterioration and osmotic priming on protein synthesis of cauliflower seeds during early germination [J].Seed Sci. Res.,1992,2: 23-31
156 Dell Aquila A., Bewley J. D. Protein synthesis in the axes of polyethylene glycol treated pea seed and during subsequent germination [J].J. of Exp Bot.,1989,40: 1001-1007
157 Sundstorm F. J., Edwards R. L. Pepper seed respiration germination and seedling development following seed priming [J].Hort Sci.,1989,24: 343-345
158 Smith P. T.,Cobb B.G.P hysiological and enzymatic activity of pepper seeds(Capsicumannuum) during priming [J].Physiologia Plantarum, 1991,82:433-439
159佘小平,贺军民.吸湿—回干处理降低番茄种子电解质渗漏的机理研究[J].西北植物学报2001,21(1):41—46
160 CloseT.J..Dehudrins:emergence of a biochemical role of a family of poplar dehydration proteins [J].Physiol Plant,1996,97:795-803
161 Miazek .A.. Bogdan .J..Zagdanska.B..Effects of water deficit during germination of wheat seeds [J].Biologiaplantarum,2001,44,(3):397-403
162佘小平,贺军民.RNA和蛋白质合成抑制剂对番茄种子吸湿回干抗吸胀冷害效应的影响[J].植物生理通讯,2000,36,(5):411-413
163 Saha R.,Mandal A. K. Basu R. N. Physiology of seed invigoration treatments in soybean(Glycine max L.) [J].Seed Science and Technology,1990,18:267-269
164 Smith S. E.,Cobb B. G. P hysiological and enzymatic characteristics of primed ,re-dried and germinated pepper seeds(CapsicumannuumL.) [J].Seed Science and Technology, 1992, 20:503-513
165 Dell Aquila A, Tritto V. Ageing and osmotic priming in wheat seeds : Effects upon certain components of seed quality[J].Annals of Bot.,1990,65: 21-26
166 Bailly C.,Benamar A.,Corbieneau F.et al Changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activeties in sunflower seeds during accelerated aging and subsequent priming [A].In: Euis R. H. Bssic and applied aspects of seed biology [M].Boston: Kluwer Acad .Publ. ,1997.349-360
167 Pill W. G. Low water potential and pre-sowing germination treatments to improve seed quality .In: Basra A S (ed). Seed quality . New York:Food Products press,1995:319-359
168王建成,胡晋,张新,徐群,周胜利,徐盛春.盐引发对不同水分条件下油菜种子发芽成苗的影响[J].种子,2004,23(1):6-9
169樊龙江,颜启传.甜玉米种子活力低下原因及其种子处理方法[J].种子,1996,4:29-31
170殷全玉,张利军,柯油松,张丹,杨铁钊.水杨酸浸种对低温下烟草种子萌发率和几个与幼苗抗寒性有关的生理生化指标影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2007,43(1):189-190
171刘宇,王萍娟,李天昊,王德,刘霞.聚乙二醇渗透处理对膜荚黄芪种子发芽及幼苗抗冷害的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2007,29(1):61-64
172 Viller T. A., et al. on the use of seed deterioration in dry storage[J]. Seed Science and Technology,1975,8:161-764
173 Basu R. N., et al. Control of rice seed deterioration by Hydration-dehydration pretreatments[J]. Seed Science and Technology,1980,8 (1):151-160
174 Callan N. W. Mathre D. E. Miller J. B. Bio-priming seed treatment for biological control of Pythiumultimum pree mergence damping off in sh2 sweet corn[J]. Plant disease,1990,74:368-372
175 Callan N. W., Mathre D. E, Miller J. B. Field performance of sweet corn seed bio-primed and coated with Psedomonas fluoresedns A B 254[J].Hort. Sci..,1991,26:1163-1165
176 Muhyadin T. W. Wiebe H. J. Effect of seed treatments with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) on emergence of vegetable crops[J].Seed Science and Technology, 1989,17:49-56
177颜宏,赵伟,陈文静,张锐,颜炳君,周道玮.不同盐溶液浸种对向日葵种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2007,26(2):69-72
178徐本美,李曜东,魏玉凝,李渤生.披碱草种子发芽特性及其活力提高的研究[J].种子,2002,4:1-12
179朱志梅,宋炳煜.吸湿回干处理对小麦抗盐性的生理效应[J].内蒙古大学学报,2003,34,(4):429-431
180贺军民,佘小平,张键.番茄种子吸湿回干处理对盐胁迫伤害的缓解效应[J].园艺学报,2000,27,(2):123-126
181 Warren J. E. Bennett M. A. Bio-osmo priming tomato(Lycopersicom esculentum Mill) seeds for improved seeding establishment[J]. Wallingford U.K: CABI Publishing,2000:477-487
182廖祥儒,朱新产.种子引发提高小麦抗渗透胁迫能力的效应[J].植物学通报,1997,14(2):36-40
183王熹,沈波.多效唑浸种提高稻苗耐旱性[J].植物生理学报,1991,17(1):105-108
184卢少云,黎用朝,郭震飞.钙提高水稻幼苗抗旱性的研究[J].中国水稻科学,1999,13(3):161-164
185 Harris,D., Joshi,A.K, Sodhi,P.S. On-farm seed priming in sem iarida griculture-development and evaluation in maize ,rice ,and chich peain India using participatory methods [J]. Experimental Agriculture ,1999,35(1):15-19
186李玲,潘瑞炽.CCC提高花生幼苗抗旱性的研究[J].植物学报,1991,33:55-60
187李景环,李青丰.两种雀麦种子萌发期耐热比较研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(增刊):102-105
188中山包(日)1988.发芽生理学[M].乌云彬译,56-60
189陈宝书.牧草饲料作物栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:121-122
190杜娟,关泽群.气候变化及其对农业的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(16):4898-4899,4905
191颜红波.不同温度对多年生禾草种子发芽的影响[J].草业科学,1998,15(4):22-26
192白原生译.温度对20种豆科牧草种子发芽的影响[J].国外畜牧业-草原与牧草, 1993,17:42-44
193 Warray. M.O.A., and A.E.Hall. 1984. Reproductive responses ofcowpea( Vigna unguiculuta(L.)Walp.)to heat stress. Responses to soil and day air temperatures[J]. Field crops Res, 8:3—16
194张力君,易津.偃麦草属4种牧草种子萌发的基本特性[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1995,2:68—73
195李青丰,易津.牧草种子萌发检验标准化的研究[J].中国草地, 1995,6:39—43
196 International Seed Testing Association.International Rules for Seed Testing[M].Zurich, Switerland, 1996
197毕辛华.种子检验[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:101-107
198陶嘉龄,郑光华.种子活力[M].北京:科学出版社, 1991:108-110
199段琦梅,梁宗锁,穆小倩,王渭玲.黄芪种子萌发特性的研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(6):1246-1249
200郑光华,史忠礼,赵同芳.实用种子生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1990
201张树新,邹受益,杨美霞.梭梭种子发芽特性试验研究[J].内蒙古林学院学报,1995,17(2):56-63
202黄振英,张新时, Yitzchak GUTTER MAN.光照、温度和盐分对梭梭种子萌发的影响[J]植物生理学报,2001,27(3):275-280
203苏玉珍,李青丰,易津.两种披碱草属种子萌发检验标准化的研究[J].内蒙古草业,1992,3:39
204张众.披碱草属牧草种子萌发生物学特性的研究[J].中国草地,1990,2:51-53
205李景环.不同温度下几种禾本科牧草萌发和休眠特性的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学学位论文,2001,6
206石凤翎,杨静,王立群,朱晓春.缘毛雀麦种子发芽特性[J].内蒙古草业,2000,3:22-24
207郑秀芳,李彩霞,周希豪,苏先银.沙打旺种子萌发特性研究[J].种子,2007,26(6):43-45
208李青丰.沙打旺和白沙蒿种子萌发检验标准化研究[J].草地学报, 1994, (2): 45
209塔依尔,杨梅花.不同温度对沙棘种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2004,23(9):32-34
210 Ajmal Kan M,Umgar I.A. Sedd germination and dormancy of Polygonuma aviculare L. as influenced by salinity,temperature,and gibberellinacid [J].Seed Sci.and Technol,1998,26:107-117
211 Gulzar S,Khan M.A.Seed germination of a Halopyticgrass,Aeluropuslgopoides[J]. Annual sofbotany,2001,87:319-324
212徐丽君,赵钢,王波,胡秋芳.三种针茅种子萌发特性及幼苗生长的研究[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(1):41-44
213鱼小军,师尚礼,龙瑞军,王芳,陈本建.生态条件对种子萌发影响研究进展[J].草业科学,2006,23(10):44-49
214王进,韩多红,陈叶,金自学.环境因子对苦豆子种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草地学报,2007,15(3):259-262
215王广印,陈碧华,陈群,莫一帆,高爱霞.萝卜种子萌发的逆温耐性诱导研究植物研究[J].2008,28(4):482-485
216潘瑞枳,董愚得.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995:5
217耿本仁.温度对苏丹草种子发芽和出苗的影响[J].中国草地,1990,2:49-51
218胡晋.对种子不同加速老化方法的评价[J].种子世界,1988(9):23-24
219何亚丽,沈剑,王惠林.冷地型草坪草耐热机理初探[J].上海农学院学报, 1997, 15(2): 128-132
220 Arriqoni O, Garal D E, Tommas I F, et a. Changes in the a-scorbate system during seed developmentofVicia faba L [J].PlantPhysiolgy, 1992, 1 (99): 235-238
221吴国胜,曹婉红,王永健.细胞膜热稳定性及保护酶和大白菜耐热性关系[J].园艺学报, 1995, 22(4): 352-358
222张庆峰,徐胜,李建龙,高温胁迫下高羊茅生理生化特性研究[J].草业科学,2006,23(4):26-28
223宋松泉,FREDLUND K M, MΦLLER I M.温度对甜菜种子萌发速率和线粒体活性的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2002,41(1):59-63
224钱春梅,伍贤进,陈玲,蒋昌华.高温胁迫对番茄种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2002,5:88-89
225马玺,单安山.发芽、温度及pH对小麦类籽实中植酸酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(2):54-57
226 Martineau. JR, Specht JE.Temperature tolerance in soybeans[J].Crop Science, 1979, (19): 75-81
227刘德立.植物热激蛋白及其功能[J].植物学通报, 1996, 13(1): 14-19
228万茜,刘伟,陈禅友.温度胁迫对豇豆种子萌发生理指标的影响[J].种子,2007,26(10):32-35
229李青丰,王芳.北方牧草种子生产的气候条件分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15增刊:93-96
230张德纯,王德槟,王小琴,马宾生,韩沛新,徐秀容.青豌豆不同浸种时间对种子萌发及芽苗生长影响[J].北方园艺,1998,1:16-17
231侯志兵,赵祥,白志明,王彩娟,史威威.不同浸种时间对达乌里胡枝子种子发芽力的影响[J].草原与草坪,2007,5:11-14
232李卫华,黄丙香,王振华,李晓明,张东海.种子引发处理对棉花种子发芽的影响[J].种子,2006,25(1):26-30
233刘杰,刘公社,齐冬梅,李芳芳,王恩华.聚乙二醇处理对羊草种子萌发及活性氧代谢的影响[J].草业学报,2002,11(1):59-64
234 Yamamoto Ikuko,Turgeon A.J.Seed priming positively affects Kentucky Bluegrass. Grounds Maintenance [J]. Overland Park, 1998, 33:10-14
235 Yamamoto Ikuko, Turgeon A.J,Duich J.M.Field emergence of solid matrix seed jprimed turfgrasses[J].Crop Science, 1997, 37:220-225
236 Hardegree S.P, Brugess M.D. Datalogger control of environ-mental chambers for variable temperature germination esperiments [J].Range Management, 1995, 48:554-556
237 Hardegree S.P. Optimization of seed priming treatments to increase low-temperature germination rate [J]. Range Management, 1996, 49:87-92
238 Hardegree S.P,Van Vactor S.S. Germination and Emergence of primed Grass Seeds under Field and Simulated-field Temperature Regimes [J].Annals of Botany, 2000, 85:379-390
239 Hardegree S.P,Jones Thonas A, Van Vactor S.S. Varjablity in Thermal Response of Primed and Non-primed seed of Squirreltail [J]. Annals of Botany, 2002, 89:311-319
240徐本美.论浸种的效应[J].种子,1993(4):46
241王丽娟,李青丰,卢苓苓.吸湿回干处理对牧草种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2008,27(8):14-17,21
242 BaskinC.C. ChessonP.L. ,BaskinJ.M Annual seed dormancy cycles in two desert winter annuals [J]. Journal of Ecology, 1993, 81:551-556
243 Dubrovsky J.G.Seed hydration memory in Sonoran Desert cacti and its ecological implications [J]. American Journal of Botany ,1996, 83:624-632
244 Wilson T. B. ,Witkowski T. F.. Water 0requirements for germination and early seedling establishment in four Africa savanna woody plant species [J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1998, 38:541-550
245耿本仁,牛峰,李俭.吸胀回干处理对苏丹草种子发芽和出苗的影响[J].种子,1985(5):30
246张力君,易津.吸胀处理对驼绒藜种子萌发状况的研究[J].内蒙古植物资源研究《干旱区资源与环境》增刊,1992:37
247徐恒平.播前干旱锻炼对小麦种子萌发特性的影响[J].种子,1989(3)1:5
248陈正新,程满金,李青丰,邬春隆,王丽娟,赵丽丽.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕坡地牧草建植技术研究[J].四川水利,2004(增刊):93-96
249李永义张孟军.对几种蔬菜种子最适浸种时间的探讨[J].种子科技,1999,3:31-32
250郑光华,吸湿-回干处理提高大豆种子活力、增强抗逆力的效果[J].大豆科学,1990,9(4):347-351
251程大友,滕佰谦.甜菜种子处理的发展与展望[J].中国甜菜糖业,1992,(2):29-31
252李灵芝.种子生活力测定的非破坏性方法研究初探[J].种子1994,(5):1-4
253刘强,任敏,刘祥君.种子耐贮性研究进展[J].内蒙古师范大学学报[自然科学(汉文)版],2003,32(3):248-255
254 Armstrong H., McDonaldM. B.. Effects ofosmoconditioning onwater uptake and electrical conductivity in soybean seeds[J].Seed Science and Technology, 1992, 20: 391-400
255林斌,影响种子电导率因素的探讨[J].种子,1984,5:36-40
256颜启传,黄亚军.种子四唑测定手册[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1992
257景彦彪.种子生活力的四唑测定在质检中的应用[J].种子科技,2006,(2):57-58
258金小马,陈慧,张志飞,多年生黑麦草种子活力TTC测定方法研究[J].作物研究,2008,22(1):45-46
259谷建田,孔祥辉,陈杭.番茄种子人工老化前后吸湿—回干处理的生理生化变化[J].植物生理学报,1993,19(2):131-136.
260王会肖.土壤温度、水分胁迫和播种深度对玉米种子萌发出苗的影响[J].生态农业研究,1995,3(4):70-74
261 DavidsonK.G.V.,SowaS.,MooreF.D.etal. Maize seed respons to successive imbibition /dryback cycles: viability and vigor[J].Seed Science Research,1994,(4):431-437
2杨汝荣.我国西部草地退化原因及可持续发展分析[J].草业科学,2002,19(1):23-27
3联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约(中文版).1994:7-8
4黄文秀等.西南牧业资源开发与基地建设[M].科学出版社,1991:67-69
5李博等.内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原自然资源与环境研究[M].科学出版社,1990:150
6李绍良.内蒙古草原土壤退化过程及其评价指标体系的研究[C].国家自然科学重大基金项目“北方草地优化生态模式研究”学术讨论会论文.1995
7陈佐忠.我国天然草地生态系统的退化及其调控.中国土地退化防治研究[M].中国科技出版社,1988:86-89
8李博.中国北方草地退化及其防治对策[J].中国农业科学,1997,30(6),1-9
9姜恕.草地退化及其防治策略[J].自然资源.1988,(3):54-61
10王亦风主编.黄土高原地区植被资源及其合理利用[M].中国科学技术出版社,1991:94-95
11许鹏主编.新疆草地资源及其利用[M].新疆科技卫生出版社,1993:256-259
12王月梅,张金林,司宗信.甘肃省草地资源退化原因及草地生态系统恢复途径[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8),495-498
13胡自治.草原分类学概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:247
14蒋德明,卜军,寇振武,曹成有,骆永明.沙地人工植物群落生物量动态及其更新途径[J].中国沙漠,1997,17(2):189-194
15李守德.浅论草业发展现状与对策[M].中国草地科学进展.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1998.19-22.
16牛书丽,蒋高明.人工草地在退化草地恢复中的作用及其研究现状[J].应用生态学报,2004,5(9):1662-1666
17贾树海,郭宝峰,董海峰,陈有君.锡林河沿河草甸人工草地的建立与土壤的盐渍化[J].中国草地,1996,4:12-15
18李德荣,王静,董闻达.百喜草在我国南方红壤坡地农业可持续发展中的应用与地位[J].江西农业大学学报,2003,25(6):948-956
19杨玉盛,何宗明,林光耀,罗学升.退化红壤不同治理模式对土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,1998,35(2):276-282
20周禾,董宽虎,孙洪仁.农区种草与草田轮作[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 1997
21 Hargrove WL. Winter legumes as anitrogen source for no-till sorghum[J].Agronomy Journal,1986.78(1):70-74
22 Ebelhar SA, Frye WW, Blevins RL, Nitrogen form legume covercrops for no-tillagecorn[J].Agronomy Journal,1984.76(1):51-55
23 Teixeire LAj, Testa VM, Mielniczuk J. Soil nitrogen, Nutrition an yield of maize affected by cropping systems[J].Revista Brasileira de ciencia do solo, 1994,18(2):207-214
24 Reynolds MP, Sayre KD, Vivar HE, Intercropping small graines with legume species under reduced N fertility to improve ground cover, N-Use effeiciency, and productivity, 15 th world congress of Soil Science Mexico, July,1994
25施建军,邱正强,马玉寿.“黑土型”退化草地上建植人工草地的经济效益分析[J]草原与草坪,2007(1):60-64
26韩建国.实用牧草种子学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社出版,1997:14-21
27田青松,建原,孔庆伟.西部大开发造就牧草种子大市场[J].内蒙古草业,2002,2:28-29
28毕辛华,戴心维.种子学[M].1993
29李聪,张智山,王晓斌,李维薇,罗健,苗丽宏,李蕾蕾.中国草种子生产现状及需求分析调研报告[C].2006年中国草业发展论坛论文集,2006:97-103
30韩建国,牧草种子学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社出版,2000,10
31项时康,孙善康,棉子萌发时的最适含水量[J].中国棉花,1981,6:41-42,24
32杜红英,张金祥,姜建国.不同作物种子萌发需水量和吸水速度的测定[J].湖北农业科学,1981,11:15—16
33黄振英, Yitzchak GU TTERMAN,胡正海.白沙蒿种子萌发特性的研究II.环境因素的影响[J].植物生态学报,2001,25 (2):240-246
34文彬,何惠英.西南紫薇种子贮藏与萌发特性的研究[J].种子,2002,(2):10-15
35文彬,兰芹英,何惠英.光、温度和土壤水分对坡垒种子萌发的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2002,10(3):258-262
36藤伊正,植物的休眠与发芽[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:95
37苏苏,山苏.水分胁迫条件下高粱种子的吸水机制及其可溶性糖代谢的变化[J].西北植物学报,1996,16(3):203-207
38曾彦军,王彦荣,萨仁.几种旱生灌木种子萌发对干旱胁迫的响应[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8):953-956
39 Ren J,Tao L,Liu X M.Effect of water supply onseed germination of soil seed-bank in desert vegeta-tion [J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2002, 44(1):124-126
40段德玉,刘小京,冯凤莲.不同盐分对盐地碱蓬种子萌发的效应[J].土壤肥料科学,2003,19(6):168-172
41余玲,王彦荣,孙建华.野大麦种子萌发条件及抗逆性研究[J].草业学报,1999,8(1):50-57
42余玲,王彦荣,孙建华.环境胁迫对布顿大麦种子萌发影响及种苗生长发育的影响[J].草业学报,2002,11(2):79-84
43曾彦军,王彦荣,张宝林.红砂和猫头刺种子萌发生态适应性的研究[J].草业学报,2000, 9(3):36-42
44鱼小军,王彦荣,曾彦军.温度和水分对无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子萌发的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):883-887
45刘伟玲,谢双喜,喻理飞.几种常见喀斯特森林树种种子发芽对水分胁迫的反应[J].贵州林业科技, 2003,31(1):17-21
46塔依尔,吕新,宋于洋,杨梅花,石鑫.不同温度处理对沙棘种子萌发影响的研究[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(6):514-51
47王进,陈叶,肖占文,陈广泉,金自学.光照、温度和土壤水分对孜然芹种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2006,42(6):1106—1108
48丁雪梅,李海燕,杨允菲,宋向华.温度对两种野生禾草种子发芽的影响[J].草原与草坪,2004,1:25—29
49 Ajmal Kan M, Ungar I A. Seed germination and dormancy of Polygonum aviculare L·as influenced by salinity,temperature,and gibberellin acid [J].Seed Sci.& Technol,1998,26:107-117
50余玲.虎尾草种子萌发特性的研究[J].草业科学,1999,16(3):51-54
51 Gul B,Weber D J. Effect of salinity, light, and temperature on germination in Allenrolfea occidentalis [J].Canadian Journal of botany,1999,77:240-246
52 Gulzar S,Khan M A.Seed germination of a Ha-lopytic grass, Aeluropus lagopoides [J].Annuals of botany,2001,87:319-324
53王学敏,易津.驼绒藜属植物种子萌发条件及其生理特性的研究[J].草地学报,2003,11(2):96-102
54林少敏.西藏沙生槐种子萌发特性研究[J].草业科学,2002,19(5):30-32
55程广有,唐晓杰,高红兵.东北红豆杉种子休眠机理与解除技术探讨[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,26(1):5-9
56叶常丰,戴心维.种子学[M].北京:农业出版社,1994
57 Perry D. A., Proc. Int. Seed Test. Ass., 1967,32:3-12
58 Perry D. A., Proc. Int. Seed Test. Ass., 1969,34:221-232
60董杰,贾学锋.全球气候变化对中国自然灾害的可能影响[J].聊城大学学报,2004,17(2):58-62
61胡卉芳.几种禾本科牧草种子萌发、休眠特性及耐旱性的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学硕士研究生论文,1998
62陈立松,刘星辉.植物抗热性鉴定指标的种类.干旱地区农业研究[J].1997,(15)4:72-74
63杜娟,关泽群.气候变化及其对农业的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(16):4898-4899,4905
64陈铁喜,陈星.近50年中国气温日较差变化趋势分析[J].高原气象, 2007, 26(1): 150-157
65赵庆云,李栋梁,吴洪宝.西北区东部近40年地面气温变化分析[J].高原气象, 2006, 25(4): 643-650
66张德宽,姚华栋,杨贤为.华北区年高温日数区域平均方法及趋势分析[J].高原气象, 2006, 25(4): 750-753
67曲迎乐,高晓清,陈文,,惠小英,周长春.近50年来我国东、西部地面气温和降水变化对比的初步分析[J].高原气象,2008,27(3):524-529
68翟盘茂,任福民.中国近四十年最高最低温度变化[J].气象学报, 1997, 55(4): 418-429.
69任朝霞,杨达源。近50a西北干旱区气候变化对农业的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(8):48-53
70翟盘茂,潘晓华.中国北方近50年温度和降水极端事件变化[J].地理学报,2003,58(增刊):1-10
71马柱国,符淙斌,任晓波,杨赤.中国北方年极端温度的变化趋势与区域增暖的联系[J].地理学报, 2003,: 11-20
72杨金虎,江志红,魏锋,吴胜安.近45 a来中国西北年极端高、低温的变化及对区域性增暖的响应[J].干旱区地理, 2006,29(5):625-631
73刘志民,李雪华,李荣平,蒋德明,曹有成.科尔沁沙地15种禾本科牧草植物种子萌发特性比较[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1416-1420
74李青丰,房丽宁,徐军.吸水剂对促进种子萌发的置疑[J].干旱地区农业研究,1996,4:56-60
75张国萍,倪日群,赵新亮,阮松林.水引发对干旱胁迫下水稻种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2002,2:20-22
76牛海山,旭日,王淑芬,宋炳煜.吸湿回干种子处理对小麦萌发期抗盐性的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(1):79-84
77王颖,穆春生,王彦靖,李晓宇.松嫩草地主要豆科牧草种子萌发期耐旱性差异研究[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(1):7-12
78陈本建.保水剂对多年生黑麦草出苗和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学. 2000,17(3):28-30
79祁桂林,张爱芳.保水剂对狼尾草幼苗耐旱效应[J].农业与科技.2005,25(6):45-47
80王彦荣.种子引发的研究现状[J].草业科学,2004,13(4):7-12
81吴敏,薛立,李燕.种子吸湿回干研究综述[J].种子,2005,24(4):46-49
82姜丽,韩建国,孙彦,王苏文.通气浸种处理对不同质量结缕草种子发芽和活力的影响[J].中国草地.2005,27(4):25-29
83王广印,韩世栋,周秀梅,李贞霞,张建伟.吸湿—回干和人工老化处理对蕹菜种子发芽的影响[J].河南农业科学,2006,6:89-90
84李敏.利用PEG渗调法提高牧草种子活力的研究[J].国外畜牧学-草原与牧草,1995,(3): 29-31
85罗庆熙.渗透调节及其条件对番茄种子萌发的影响[J].种子,1993,(3): 16-17
86郑光华,张庆昌.聚乙二醇(PEG)渗透调节法处理种子能提高活力[J].种子,1985,(2): 55-56
87 Heydecker, W. and Coolbear,P..Seed treatments for improved performance-suivey and attempted prognosis[J].Seed Science and Technology,1977(5):353-425
88郑光华,徐本美,顾增辉.PEG引发种子的效果[J].植物学报,1985,27(3):329-333
89 Bhattachayya,K.K.,Singupta,k.and Chtterjee,B. N., Physico-chemical seed invigoration for increasing crop yield [J].(Crop Productivity,ed by Srivastava, H.C. et al),New Delhi,Oxford and IBH,1986:413-426
90 Heckel P. A.,Physiology of plants under drougnt[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology.1964(15):363-386
91刘岩,陈杭,郑光华.吸湿回干处理对大豆种子抗吸胀冷害的生理效应[J].植物学报,1991,33,(3):219-225
92刘岩,陈杭,郑光华.种子吸湿回干处理的应用及原理[J].种子,1990,(5):34-35
93张子龙. DA-6浸种对水稻幼苗生长及抗寒性的影响[J]贵州农业科学,2001,29(4):14-16
94 Balki,A.S. and Padole,V.R.,Effect of presosaking seed treatments with plant hormones on wheat under conditions of soil salinity[J].Jiumal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,1982(30):360-365
95 Persson,B.,Enhancement of seed germination by plant growth regulators infused via acetone[J].Seed Science and Technology.1988,16(2):391-404
96夏含嫣,杜红梅,黄丹枫.GA3处理对仙客来种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2006,25(4):15-17
97杜国祯,马锦荣,常明.不同温度条件下亚高山草甸野生牧草种子发芽率和发芽势的研究[J].草业科学,1990,7(1):26-30
98张秋菊.微量元素对种子萌发的生理效应[J].种子,2004,23(10):45-47
99郑蔚红,冷建梅.青霉素、过氧化氢和高锰酸钾对沙棘种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2003(6):21-22,29
100 Liu Xiaodong.Effect of trace elements on growth of Pinrs tabulaeform is seeding[J].Journal of Forestry Research.2002,13(4):285-288
101傅强,杨期和,叶万辉.种子休眠的解破方法[J].广西农业生物科学,2003,22(3):230-234
102洪法水,马成仓,王旭名.钙和锌对玉米种子活力和萌发过程中酶活性的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,1999, 32 (2):110-112
103胡哲森.应用锌、硼提高柳杉种子活力初步研究[J].林业科技与发展,1997 (4):31-32
104 Fujikura Y, Kraak HL, Basra ASet al. Hydropriming, a simple and inexpensive priming method[J].Seed Sci Technol, 1993,21:639-642
105 Warren JE, Bennett MA. Seed hydration using the drum priming system[J].Hort Sci, 1997,32:1220-1221
106 Bradford KJ. Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions[J].Hort Sci, 1986,21(5):1105-1112
107 Parera CA, Cantliffe DJ. Presowing seed Pdming HortCultural Reviews, 1994, 16:109-141
108 Vertucci C W. The kinetics of seed imbibition: controlling factors and relevance to seedling vigor[A]. In: Stanwood PC. McDonadl M B. Seed Moisture [M]. CSSAS pecial Publieation,1989:93-115
109刘慧霞.紫花苜蓿种子水引发研究[D].兰州大学,2007
110阮松林,胡伟民,王洪秀等.贮前浸种-回干对杂交水稻种子抗劣变能力的影响[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998,24(6):631-632
111张国盛,其木格.预浸-回干处理对小叶锦鸡儿种子活力的影响[J].内蒙古林业科技,1995,(2):12-14
112韩蕊莲,侯庆春,邹厚远,等.用PEG引发沙打旺种子活力及抗逆性的研究[J]草业科学,1993,10(6):60-63
113曲文章,曲扬,高妙真.不同浸种处理对甜菜种子发芽率的影响[J].中国甜菜糖业,2007,1:15-19
114周冀蘅,汪邓民,李小河等.烟草种子浸种回干处理对其萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].烟草,1998,6:37-38
115李先恩,陈震,赵杨景.吸湿-回干处理对甘草种子萌发的作用[J].中国中药杂志,1995,20(1):13-15
116 AdamsR.. Germination of Callitris seeds in relation to temperature water stress priming and hydration dehydration cycles [J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1999, 43:437-448
117 Harris D. Pathan A.K. Gothker,P et. al.. On farm seed priming: using participatory methods to revive and refine a key technology [J].Agri.Systemms,2001,69:151-164
118 Heydicker W. Higgins.J.Terner.Y.J. Invigoration of seeds [J].Seed Sci. and Tech.. 1975,3:881-888
119傅家瑞.种子生理[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.335-375
120 Khan AA. Preplant physiological seed conditioning [J].Hort.Rev.1992,13:131-181
121 Medakadze I. C.,Prithiviraj B.,Madakadze R. M.,Stewart K.,Coulman B. E.,Smith D. L.. Effect of preplant seed conditioning treatment on the germination of switohgrass (Psnicum virgatum L. ) [J]. Seed Science an Technologu,2002,28:403-411
122叶安华,龙启炎,周国林,徐翠荣.不同沙藏处理对水芹种子发芽的影响[J].种子,2005,24(11):67-68
123巩振辉,何玉科,周新民,陈启林.人工老化和PEG引发对甜椒种子活力的影响[J].中国农学通报, 1991,7(2):31-35
124 Demir I. O. C.. Effect of salt Priming germination and Seedling growth at low temperatures in watermelon seeds during development[J]. Seed science and technology, 2003,31:765-770
125 Ellis R. H. Butcher P. D. The effect priming an natural difference in quality amongst onion seed lots on the response the rate of germination to temperature an the identification of the characteristics under genotypic control [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1988,39:935-950
126王彦荣,张健全,刘慧霞,胡小文.PEG引发紫花苜蓿和沙打旺种子的生理生态效应[J] .生态学报,2004,24(3):402-408
127 Hegarty T. W. The physiology of seed hydration and dehydration and the relation between water stress sand the control of germination are view [J]. Plant Cell and Environment, 1978,1:101-109
128 VincentE.M.,CaversP.B.. The effects of wetting and drying on the subsequent germination of Rumexcrispus [J]. Canadian Journal of Botany,1978,56(2):2207-2217
129严青,马玉寿,施建军.三种禾草萌发期抗旱性研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2006,36(5):11-13
130陶玲,任苏.不同种子预处理对10种沙拐枣植物萌发的影响(英)[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(4):601-609
131王丽娟,李青丰.预措处理对禾本科牧草种子萌发、成苗及幼苗耐旱性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(1):45-49
132 Naylor R. E.,Syversen S. K.. Assessment of seed vigour in ltalian ryegrass [J].Seed Science and Technology,1988,16:419-426
133 Penakoza A. P. S.,Eira M. T. S. Hydration-dehydration treatments on tomato seeds(Lycopersicon elculentum ) [J].Seed Science and Technology,1993,21:309-316.
134韩建国,钱俊芝,刘自学. PEG渗调处理改善结缕草种子活力的研究[J]中国草地,2000, 3:22-28.
135方丽,裴瑞杰.水杨酸对辣椒种子发芽与活力的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2007,35(30):9465-9466,9489
136韩建国.牧草种子学[M].中国农业大学出版社,北京:2000
137孙建华,王彦荣,余玲,卫东.聚乙二醇引发对几种牧草种子发芽率和活力的影响[J].草业学报,1999,8(2):34-42
138王广印,马杰,周秀梅,林紫玉.红梗叶甜菜种子发芽特性的研究[J]广西农业生物科学,2005,24(3):235-240
139杨江山,李晨.不同处理对观赏南瓜种子发芽质量的影响[J]甘肃农业科技,2004,1:27-29
140姜虎生,石德成.壳聚糖对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):117-119,123
141王延峰,宋爱玲,郭力民,郝振荣.不同浓度的壳聚糖处理对玉米种子萌发的影响初报[J].2002,1:63-63,76
142张亚娟,陈垣,高宏,黎天,郭凤霞.种子处理及田间覆盖对独一味种子萌发的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2007,42(3):60-63
143 Woodstock L. W.,Tao K. L. J. Prevention of imbibition injury in low vigor soybean embryonic axes by osmotic control of water uptake [J]. Physiology plant, 1981,51:133-139
144 Pandey D. K. Priming induced alleviation of the effects of natural ageing derived selective leakage of constituents in French bean seed[J].Seed Science and Technology,1989,21:97-105
145巩振辉,王得元,王鸣,卢云仙.辣椒种子湿干间隙处理的生理生化效应[J].河北农业技术师范学院学报,1993,7(2):31-37
146梁铮,赵元,郑光华.聚乙二醇处理大豆种子子叶中几种酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量的变化[J].植物生理学报,1991,17(1):20-24
147 Sung F. J. M,Chang Y. H.Bioche mical activities associated with priming of sweet corn seeds to improve vigor[J].Seed Science and Technology,1993,17:391-397
148 Rudrapal D,Nakamura S.. The effect of Hydration-dehydration pretreatments on eggplant and radish seed viability and vigor Seed [J].Science and Technology,1998,16(1):123-130
149 Bohnert H. J. Shen B. Transformation and compatible solutes[J] .Scientia Horticulture, 1999,78:237-260
150 Cocucci M.,Negrini N.. Changes in the levels of calmodulin and of a calmodulin inhibitor in the early phases of radish(Raphanus sativus L.) seed germination [J].Effects of ABA and Fusicoccin .1988,88:910-914
151 Mazor L.,Perl M.,Negbi M..Changes in some ATP-dependent activities in seeds during treatment with polyethylene glycol and during process [J].J.of Exp. Bot. ,1984,35:1119-1127
152 Dabison P. A., Taylor R. M. Bray C. M. Changes in ribosomal RNA integrity in leek ( Allium porrum L. ) seeds duing osmotic priming and drying - back treatments[J].Seed Sci. Res. ,1991,1:37-44
153 Bray C. M. , Dabison P. A.,Ashraf M., et al. Biochemical changes during osmotic priming of leek seeds [J].Annals of Bot.,1989,63: 185-193
154 Coobear P.,Slater R. J.,Bryant J. A. Changes in nucleic acid levels associated with improved germination performance of tomato seeds after low-temperature pre-sowing treatment [J].Annals of Bot.,1990,65: 187-195
155 Fujikura Y. Karssen C. M. Effects of controlled deterioration and osmotic priming on protein synthesis of cauliflower seeds during early germination [J].Seed Sci. Res.,1992,2: 23-31
156 Dell Aquila A., Bewley J. D. Protein synthesis in the axes of polyethylene glycol treated pea seed and during subsequent germination [J].J. of Exp Bot.,1989,40: 1001-1007
157 Sundstorm F. J., Edwards R. L. Pepper seed respiration germination and seedling development following seed priming [J].Hort Sci.,1989,24: 343-345
158 Smith P. T.,Cobb B.G.P hysiological and enzymatic activity of pepper seeds(Capsicumannuum) during priming [J].Physiologia Plantarum, 1991,82:433-439
159佘小平,贺军民.吸湿—回干处理降低番茄种子电解质渗漏的机理研究[J].西北植物学报2001,21(1):41—46
160 CloseT.J..Dehudrins:emergence of a biochemical role of a family of poplar dehydration proteins [J].Physiol Plant,1996,97:795-803
161 Miazek .A.. Bogdan .J..Zagdanska.B..Effects of water deficit during germination of wheat seeds [J].Biologiaplantarum,2001,44,(3):397-403
162佘小平,贺军民.RNA和蛋白质合成抑制剂对番茄种子吸湿回干抗吸胀冷害效应的影响[J].植物生理通讯,2000,36,(5):411-413
163 Saha R.,Mandal A. K. Basu R. N. Physiology of seed invigoration treatments in soybean(Glycine max L.) [J].Seed Science and Technology,1990,18:267-269
164 Smith S. E.,Cobb B. G. P hysiological and enzymatic characteristics of primed ,re-dried and germinated pepper seeds(CapsicumannuumL.) [J].Seed Science and Technology, 1992, 20:503-513
165 Dell Aquila A, Tritto V. Ageing and osmotic priming in wheat seeds : Effects upon certain components of seed quality[J].Annals of Bot.,1990,65: 21-26
166 Bailly C.,Benamar A.,Corbieneau F.et al Changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activeties in sunflower seeds during accelerated aging and subsequent priming [A].In: Euis R. H. Bssic and applied aspects of seed biology [M].Boston: Kluwer Acad .Publ. ,1997.349-360
167 Pill W. G. Low water potential and pre-sowing germination treatments to improve seed quality .In: Basra A S (ed). Seed quality . New York:Food Products press,1995:319-359
168王建成,胡晋,张新,徐群,周胜利,徐盛春.盐引发对不同水分条件下油菜种子发芽成苗的影响[J].种子,2004,23(1):6-9
169樊龙江,颜启传.甜玉米种子活力低下原因及其种子处理方法[J].种子,1996,4:29-31
170殷全玉,张利军,柯油松,张丹,杨铁钊.水杨酸浸种对低温下烟草种子萌发率和几个与幼苗抗寒性有关的生理生化指标影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2007,43(1):189-190
171刘宇,王萍娟,李天昊,王德,刘霞.聚乙二醇渗透处理对膜荚黄芪种子发芽及幼苗抗冷害的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2007,29(1):61-64
172 Viller T. A., et al. on the use of seed deterioration in dry storage[J]. Seed Science and Technology,1975,8:161-764
173 Basu R. N., et al. Control of rice seed deterioration by Hydration-dehydration pretreatments[J]. Seed Science and Technology,1980,8 (1):151-160
174 Callan N. W. Mathre D. E. Miller J. B. Bio-priming seed treatment for biological control of Pythiumultimum pree mergence damping off in sh2 sweet corn[J]. Plant disease,1990,74:368-372
175 Callan N. W., Mathre D. E, Miller J. B. Field performance of sweet corn seed bio-primed and coated with Psedomonas fluoresedns A B 254[J].Hort. Sci..,1991,26:1163-1165
176 Muhyadin T. W. Wiebe H. J. Effect of seed treatments with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) on emergence of vegetable crops[J].Seed Science and Technology, 1989,17:49-56
177颜宏,赵伟,陈文静,张锐,颜炳君,周道玮.不同盐溶液浸种对向日葵种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2007,26(2):69-72
178徐本美,李曜东,魏玉凝,李渤生.披碱草种子发芽特性及其活力提高的研究[J].种子,2002,4:1-12
179朱志梅,宋炳煜.吸湿回干处理对小麦抗盐性的生理效应[J].内蒙古大学学报,2003,34,(4):429-431
180贺军民,佘小平,张键.番茄种子吸湿回干处理对盐胁迫伤害的缓解效应[J].园艺学报,2000,27,(2):123-126
181 Warren J. E. Bennett M. A. Bio-osmo priming tomato(Lycopersicom esculentum Mill) seeds for improved seeding establishment[J]. Wallingford U.K: CABI Publishing,2000:477-487
182廖祥儒,朱新产.种子引发提高小麦抗渗透胁迫能力的效应[J].植物学通报,1997,14(2):36-40
183王熹,沈波.多效唑浸种提高稻苗耐旱性[J].植物生理学报,1991,17(1):105-108
184卢少云,黎用朝,郭震飞.钙提高水稻幼苗抗旱性的研究[J].中国水稻科学,1999,13(3):161-164
185 Harris,D., Joshi,A.K, Sodhi,P.S. On-farm seed priming in sem iarida griculture-development and evaluation in maize ,rice ,and chich peain India using participatory methods [J]. Experimental Agriculture ,1999,35(1):15-19
186李玲,潘瑞炽.CCC提高花生幼苗抗旱性的研究[J].植物学报,1991,33:55-60
187李景环,李青丰.两种雀麦种子萌发期耐热比较研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(增刊):102-105
188中山包(日)1988.发芽生理学[M].乌云彬译,56-60
189陈宝书.牧草饲料作物栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:121-122
190杜娟,关泽群.气候变化及其对农业的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(16):4898-4899,4905
191颜红波.不同温度对多年生禾草种子发芽的影响[J].草业科学,1998,15(4):22-26
192白原生译.温度对20种豆科牧草种子发芽的影响[J].国外畜牧业-草原与牧草, 1993,17:42-44
193 Warray. M.O.A., and A.E.Hall. 1984. Reproductive responses ofcowpea( Vigna unguiculuta(L.)Walp.)to heat stress. Responses to soil and day air temperatures[J]. Field crops Res, 8:3—16
194张力君,易津.偃麦草属4种牧草种子萌发的基本特性[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1995,2:68—73
195李青丰,易津.牧草种子萌发检验标准化的研究[J].中国草地, 1995,6:39—43
196 International Seed Testing Association.International Rules for Seed Testing[M].Zurich, Switerland, 1996
197毕辛华.种子检验[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:101-107
198陶嘉龄,郑光华.种子活力[M].北京:科学出版社, 1991:108-110
199段琦梅,梁宗锁,穆小倩,王渭玲.黄芪种子萌发特性的研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(6):1246-1249
200郑光华,史忠礼,赵同芳.实用种子生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1990
201张树新,邹受益,杨美霞.梭梭种子发芽特性试验研究[J].内蒙古林学院学报,1995,17(2):56-63
202黄振英,张新时, Yitzchak GUTTER MAN.光照、温度和盐分对梭梭种子萌发的影响[J]植物生理学报,2001,27(3):275-280
203苏玉珍,李青丰,易津.两种披碱草属种子萌发检验标准化的研究[J].内蒙古草业,1992,3:39
204张众.披碱草属牧草种子萌发生物学特性的研究[J].中国草地,1990,2:51-53
205李景环.不同温度下几种禾本科牧草萌发和休眠特性的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学学位论文,2001,6
206石凤翎,杨静,王立群,朱晓春.缘毛雀麦种子发芽特性[J].内蒙古草业,2000,3:22-24
207郑秀芳,李彩霞,周希豪,苏先银.沙打旺种子萌发特性研究[J].种子,2007,26(6):43-45
208李青丰.沙打旺和白沙蒿种子萌发检验标准化研究[J].草地学报, 1994, (2): 45
209塔依尔,杨梅花.不同温度对沙棘种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2004,23(9):32-34
210 Ajmal Kan M,Umgar I.A. Sedd germination and dormancy of Polygonuma aviculare L. as influenced by salinity,temperature,and gibberellinacid [J].Seed Sci.and Technol,1998,26:107-117
211 Gulzar S,Khan M.A.Seed germination of a Halopyticgrass,Aeluropuslgopoides[J]. Annual sofbotany,2001,87:319-324
212徐丽君,赵钢,王波,胡秋芳.三种针茅种子萌发特性及幼苗生长的研究[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(1):41-44
213鱼小军,师尚礼,龙瑞军,王芳,陈本建.生态条件对种子萌发影响研究进展[J].草业科学,2006,23(10):44-49
214王进,韩多红,陈叶,金自学.环境因子对苦豆子种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草地学报,2007,15(3):259-262
215王广印,陈碧华,陈群,莫一帆,高爱霞.萝卜种子萌发的逆温耐性诱导研究植物研究[J].2008,28(4):482-485
216潘瑞枳,董愚得.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995:5
217耿本仁.温度对苏丹草种子发芽和出苗的影响[J].中国草地,1990,2:49-51
218胡晋.对种子不同加速老化方法的评价[J].种子世界,1988(9):23-24
219何亚丽,沈剑,王惠林.冷地型草坪草耐热机理初探[J].上海农学院学报, 1997, 15(2): 128-132
220 Arriqoni O, Garal D E, Tommas I F, et a. Changes in the a-scorbate system during seed developmentofVicia faba L [J].PlantPhysiolgy, 1992, 1 (99): 235-238
221吴国胜,曹婉红,王永健.细胞膜热稳定性及保护酶和大白菜耐热性关系[J].园艺学报, 1995, 22(4): 352-358
222张庆峰,徐胜,李建龙,高温胁迫下高羊茅生理生化特性研究[J].草业科学,2006,23(4):26-28
223宋松泉,FREDLUND K M, MΦLLER I M.温度对甜菜种子萌发速率和线粒体活性的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2002,41(1):59-63
224钱春梅,伍贤进,陈玲,蒋昌华.高温胁迫对番茄种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2002,5:88-89
225马玺,单安山.发芽、温度及pH对小麦类籽实中植酸酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(2):54-57
226 Martineau. JR, Specht JE.Temperature tolerance in soybeans[J].Crop Science, 1979, (19): 75-81
227刘德立.植物热激蛋白及其功能[J].植物学通报, 1996, 13(1): 14-19
228万茜,刘伟,陈禅友.温度胁迫对豇豆种子萌发生理指标的影响[J].种子,2007,26(10):32-35
229李青丰,王芳.北方牧草种子生产的气候条件分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15增刊:93-96
230张德纯,王德槟,王小琴,马宾生,韩沛新,徐秀容.青豌豆不同浸种时间对种子萌发及芽苗生长影响[J].北方园艺,1998,1:16-17
231侯志兵,赵祥,白志明,王彩娟,史威威.不同浸种时间对达乌里胡枝子种子发芽力的影响[J].草原与草坪,2007,5:11-14
232李卫华,黄丙香,王振华,李晓明,张东海.种子引发处理对棉花种子发芽的影响[J].种子,2006,25(1):26-30
233刘杰,刘公社,齐冬梅,李芳芳,王恩华.聚乙二醇处理对羊草种子萌发及活性氧代谢的影响[J].草业学报,2002,11(1):59-64
234 Yamamoto Ikuko,Turgeon A.J.Seed priming positively affects Kentucky Bluegrass. Grounds Maintenance [J]. Overland Park, 1998, 33:10-14
235 Yamamoto Ikuko, Turgeon A.J,Duich J.M.Field emergence of solid matrix seed jprimed turfgrasses[J].Crop Science, 1997, 37:220-225
236 Hardegree S.P, Brugess M.D. Datalogger control of environ-mental chambers for variable temperature germination esperiments [J].Range Management, 1995, 48:554-556
237 Hardegree S.P. Optimization of seed priming treatments to increase low-temperature germination rate [J]. Range Management, 1996, 49:87-92
238 Hardegree S.P,Van Vactor S.S. Germination and Emergence of primed Grass Seeds under Field and Simulated-field Temperature Regimes [J].Annals of Botany, 2000, 85:379-390
239 Hardegree S.P,Jones Thonas A, Van Vactor S.S. Varjablity in Thermal Response of Primed and Non-primed seed of Squirreltail [J]. Annals of Botany, 2002, 89:311-319
240徐本美.论浸种的效应[J].种子,1993(4):46
241王丽娟,李青丰,卢苓苓.吸湿回干处理对牧草种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2008,27(8):14-17,21
242 BaskinC.C. ChessonP.L. ,BaskinJ.M Annual seed dormancy cycles in two desert winter annuals [J]. Journal of Ecology, 1993, 81:551-556
243 Dubrovsky J.G.Seed hydration memory in Sonoran Desert cacti and its ecological implications [J]. American Journal of Botany ,1996, 83:624-632
244 Wilson T. B. ,Witkowski T. F.. Water 0requirements for germination and early seedling establishment in four Africa savanna woody plant species [J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1998, 38:541-550
245耿本仁,牛峰,李俭.吸胀回干处理对苏丹草种子发芽和出苗的影响[J].种子,1985(5):30
246张力君,易津.吸胀处理对驼绒藜种子萌发状况的研究[J].内蒙古植物资源研究《干旱区资源与环境》增刊,1992:37
247徐恒平.播前干旱锻炼对小麦种子萌发特性的影响[J].种子,1989(3)1:5
248陈正新,程满金,李青丰,邬春隆,王丽娟,赵丽丽.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕坡地牧草建植技术研究[J].四川水利,2004(增刊):93-96
249李永义张孟军.对几种蔬菜种子最适浸种时间的探讨[J].种子科技,1999,3:31-32
250郑光华,吸湿-回干处理提高大豆种子活力、增强抗逆力的效果[J].大豆科学,1990,9(4):347-351
251程大友,滕佰谦.甜菜种子处理的发展与展望[J].中国甜菜糖业,1992,(2):29-31
252李灵芝.种子生活力测定的非破坏性方法研究初探[J].种子1994,(5):1-4
253刘强,任敏,刘祥君.种子耐贮性研究进展[J].内蒙古师范大学学报[自然科学(汉文)版],2003,32(3):248-255
254 Armstrong H., McDonaldM. B.. Effects ofosmoconditioning onwater uptake and electrical conductivity in soybean seeds[J].Seed Science and Technology, 1992, 20: 391-400
255林斌,影响种子电导率因素的探讨[J].种子,1984,5:36-40
256颜启传,黄亚军.种子四唑测定手册[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1992
257景彦彪.种子生活力的四唑测定在质检中的应用[J].种子科技,2006,(2):57-58
258金小马,陈慧,张志飞,多年生黑麦草种子活力TTC测定方法研究[J].作物研究,2008,22(1):45-46
259谷建田,孔祥辉,陈杭.番茄种子人工老化前后吸湿—回干处理的生理生化变化[J].植物生理学报,1993,19(2):131-136.
260王会肖.土壤温度、水分胁迫和播种深度对玉米种子萌发出苗的影响[J].生态农业研究,1995,3(4):70-74
261 DavidsonK.G.V.,SowaS.,MooreF.D.etal. Maize seed respons to successive imbibition /dryback cycles: viability and vigor[J].Seed Science Research,1994,(4):431-437
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |