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海蒿子多糖的提取、分离纯化及结构研究
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摘要
中药海蒿子是褐藻门,马尾藻科马尾藻属的一种海藻,学名为Sargassum Pallidium。广泛分布于青岛、烟台、大连等近海海域,海蒿子中含有海蒿子多糖等多种活性成分,具有广阔的应用开发潜力。
     本文选取采集于烟台长岛海域的海蒿子为研究对象,将其晾干粉碎过筛。海蒿子干粉经氯仿脱脂后,采用热水抽提和乙醇沉淀法得到粗多糖。将粗多糖和氯仿浸膏分别作抗癌活性测定,结果均有活性。取一定量粗多糖,分别用B型硅胶柱和DEAE-Sephadex A-25凝胶柱分离,前者用蒸馏水洗脱得到BI多糖级分,后者用不同浓度的NaCI梯度洗脱,得到DEⅠ、DEⅡ两种多糖级分。用苯酚硫酸法测粗多糖及纯化后各多糖级分的总糖含量,表明两种柱分离法均可用于纯化的海蒿子多糖。用醋酸纤维薄膜电泳鉴定BI级分含有两种组分,DEⅠ、DEⅡ级分均为单一组分。紫外光谱对纯化前后的多糖溶液在200-400nm范围扫描,图谱显示在260nm、290nm处DEⅠ、DEⅡ两种多糖级分无核酸和蛋白质吸收峰。红外吸收光谱测定表明纯化后的海蒿子多糖结构中含β构型吡喃糖苷键。用硅胶薄层色谱法与气相色谱-质谱法确定三种级分其单糖组成均为葡萄糖,半乳糖,岩藻糖,果糖,木糖,甘露糖。其中岩藻糖含量最高,其次为木糖和甘露糖,果糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖较低。
Sargassum Pallidium,(Turn.) C.Ag., widely distributed in QingDao, Yan Tai and Dalian offing island, is a Chinese traditional and herbal drug. It consists of active constituents-alga polysaccharide which make it a potential resource for advanced pharmaceutical utilization.
    The present thesis was focused on the study of the Sargassum Pallidium collected in the ChangDao island of YanTai. It was crushed after insolation. The crude polysaccharides which was found to have notable inhibition activities on P388 and A549 tumor cell lines in vitro, was obtained from the Sargassum Pallidium powder by Chloroform-defatting, boiling water-extraction and ethanol-precipitation. Rough Polysaccharides were purified by B silicon gel and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 gel columns and got BI and DEI, DEII main components respectively. Their total polysaccharides content determined by the method of phenol-sulphuric acid was increased. The polysaccharide component BI showed two components in cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, while the DEI and DEII components showed single component. There were no nucleic acid and protein absorbance at 260nm and 290nm on the ultraviolet spectrum of DEI and DEII. There were obvious B-pyran glucoside bond absorption on the IR spectra of all the purified polysaccharides;
     The results of TLC and GC-MS indicated that all of
    
    
    the purified polysaccharides were composed of glucose, galactose, fucoidan, fructose, xylose and mannose, and the fucoidan was primary component.
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