广域电磁法静态效应校正方法研究与应用
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摘要
广域电磁法是由中南大学何继善院士提出的一种新的人工源频率域电磁测深法。该方法采用人工场源,摆脱了MT法天然场源信号微弱和随机变化的不利因素；从场的统一性出发,将“近区”,“过渡区”和“远区”有机地统一起来,定义广域视电阻率,改善了非远区的畸变效应,使得测深能在广大的、不局限远区的区域进行,在同等收发距上勘探深度增大；野外施工时只需测量电磁场的一个分量,可以同时测量多个频率,提高了测量精度和工作效率。广域电磁法和其他频率域电磁法一样存在静态效应的问题,它是困扰广域电磁法数据处理的难题之一,严重影响数据资料的解释结果,为此,我们需要对广域电磁法数据资料进行静态校正,以提高数据解释质量。
本文简要介绍了广域电磁法的基本原理、特点和工作方式；分析了静态效应的产生机理；引入了相关系数法和小波变换法来识别静态效应；介绍了曲线平移法、空间滤波法、中值滤波法、电磁阵列排列法、相位换算法、联合反演法、直接二维反演法等静态效应的校正方法；着重介绍了连续介质反演理论；分别建立了均匀半空间、二层D型曲线、三层H型曲线、三层K型曲线、三层Q型曲线等理论模型来模拟静态效应,用空间滤波法、中值滤波法、相位换算法、二维连续介质反演法进行了静态校正,并尝试把高斯滤波法引入静态校正,综合分析了各种方法的校正效果；最后对内蒙古某铅锌银矿和安徽某煤矿广域电磁法的实测数据进行了二维连续介质反演的静态校正,有效地消除了静态效应。
论文获得国家自然基金项目：广域电磁测深仪的基础研究(40827002)的资助。
Wide field electromagnetic method, a new kind of artificial source frequency domain electromagnetic sounding method, is proposed by Academician He Ji-shan recently, Central South University. The method gets rid of weak and random variation natural field source signal of MT by using one plant source. It unifies near area, transitive area and remote area according to uniformity of field and defines wild field apparent resistivity and reduces distortion in non-remote area, so the method can measure in the vast, non-remote areas and expand the depth of exploration on the same transceiver distance. The method just needs to measure one component of the electromagnetic fields on wild working, and can acquire the signal of multiple frequencies at one measurement, which improve accuracy and efficiency of the measurement. Frequency domain electromagnetic methods all have static effect, so does wide field electromagnetic method. Static effect is a difficult problem in data processing of wide field electromagnetic method, and affects the results of the data interpretation seriously, so we need to do static correction in wide field electromagnetic to improve the quality of data interpretation.
The paper briefly introduces the basic principle, characteristics and working ways of wide field electromagnetic method, and analyzes" the mechanism of the static effect, and introduces the correlation coefficient method and the wavelet transform method to identify the static effects, and describes some methods of the static corrections, such as curve shift method, spatial filtering method, median filtering method, electromagnetic array arrangement method, phase conversion method, the joint inversion method, direct two-dimensional inversion methods, and puts emphasis on the theory of continuous media inversion, and simulate s the static effect under some different theoretical models, such as the uniformity half space, two-story D curve, three H-type curve, three K-type curve, three Q-curve, and using spatial filtering method, median filtering method, phase conversion method, and two-dimensional inversion method for static correction, and tries to use Gaussian filtering method in static correction, and comprehensively analyzes the effect of various methods of correction. Finally, the paper conducts static correction of a two-dimensional inversion using the data of a Lead-zinc-silver mine in Inner Mongolia and coal mine in Anhui by using Wide field electromagnetic method, and eliminates the static effect effectively.
The paper has won the support and funding of National natural science foundation project, the basis research of wide field electromagnetic system (40827002).
本文简要介绍了广域电磁法的基本原理、特点和工作方式；分析了静态效应的产生机理；引入了相关系数法和小波变换法来识别静态效应；介绍了曲线平移法、空间滤波法、中值滤波法、电磁阵列排列法、相位换算法、联合反演法、直接二维反演法等静态效应的校正方法；着重介绍了连续介质反演理论；分别建立了均匀半空间、二层D型曲线、三层H型曲线、三层K型曲线、三层Q型曲线等理论模型来模拟静态效应,用空间滤波法、中值滤波法、相位换算法、二维连续介质反演法进行了静态校正,并尝试把高斯滤波法引入静态校正,综合分析了各种方法的校正效果；最后对内蒙古某铅锌银矿和安徽某煤矿广域电磁法的实测数据进行了二维连续介质反演的静态校正,有效地消除了静态效应。
论文获得国家自然基金项目：广域电磁测深仪的基础研究(40827002)的资助。
Wide field electromagnetic method, a new kind of artificial source frequency domain electromagnetic sounding method, is proposed by Academician He Ji-shan recently, Central South University. The method gets rid of weak and random variation natural field source signal of MT by using one plant source. It unifies near area, transitive area and remote area according to uniformity of field and defines wild field apparent resistivity and reduces distortion in non-remote area, so the method can measure in the vast, non-remote areas and expand the depth of exploration on the same transceiver distance. The method just needs to measure one component of the electromagnetic fields on wild working, and can acquire the signal of multiple frequencies at one measurement, which improve accuracy and efficiency of the measurement. Frequency domain electromagnetic methods all have static effect, so does wide field electromagnetic method. Static effect is a difficult problem in data processing of wide field electromagnetic method, and affects the results of the data interpretation seriously, so we need to do static correction in wide field electromagnetic to improve the quality of data interpretation.
The paper briefly introduces the basic principle, characteristics and working ways of wide field electromagnetic method, and analyzes" the mechanism of the static effect, and introduces the correlation coefficient method and the wavelet transform method to identify the static effects, and describes some methods of the static corrections, such as curve shift method, spatial filtering method, median filtering method, electromagnetic array arrangement method, phase conversion method, the joint inversion method, direct two-dimensional inversion methods, and puts emphasis on the theory of continuous media inversion, and simulate s the static effect under some different theoretical models, such as the uniformity half space, two-story D curve, three H-type curve, three K-type curve, three Q-curve, and using spatial filtering method, median filtering method, phase conversion method, and two-dimensional inversion method for static correction, and tries to use Gaussian filtering method in static correction, and comprehensively analyzes the effect of various methods of correction. Finally, the paper conducts static correction of a two-dimensional inversion using the data of a Lead-zinc-silver mine in Inner Mongolia and coal mine in Anhui by using Wide field electromagnetic method, and eliminates the static effect effectively.
The paper has won the support and funding of National natural science foundation project, the basis research of wide field electromagnetic system (40827002).
引文
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[2]蒋奇云.广域电磁测深仪关键技术研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2010
[3]裴婧.广域电磁接收机硬件设计与实现：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2010
[4]佟铁刚.E-Hz广域电磁方法研究：[博士学位论文].中南大学,2010
[5]余云春.广域电磁法一维正反演：[硕士学位论文].中南大学,2010
[6]汤井田,何继善.可控源音频大地电磁法及其应用[M].长沙：中南大学出版社,2005
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[9]王家映.关于大地电磁的静校正问题[J].地质科技情报,1992,11(1)：69～75
[10]苏鸿尧,何展翔.表层电性不均匀对大地电磁测深曲线的畸变研究[J].地质科技情报.2000,19(3)：103～106
[11]李韦文.浅层电性不均匀体对大地电磁测深的影响及其校正[J].电磁方法研究与进展.1993,125～133
[12]陈辉,孟小红,王春庆等.CSAMT法静态位移效应的模拟研究分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6)：1931～1934
[13]陈辉,王春庆,雷达等,CSAMT法静态效应模拟及其校正方法对比[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(增刊)：64～67
[14]杨妮妮,王志宏.CSAMT测量的静态效应研究[J].河南科学,2009,27(4)：433-436
[15]陈清礼,张翔,胡文宝.南方碳酸盐岩区大地电磁测深曲线静态偏移校正[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(3)：30～32
[16]黄潜生,王友胜,汪卫毛.大地电磁曲线校正技术在六盘山盆地研究中的应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(3)：76～78
[17]黄兆辉,底青云,侯胜利.CSAMT的静态效应校正及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4)：1290～1295
[18]Bostick,F. X., Electromagnetic Array Profiling(EMAP), (56th) SEG Annual Meeting Expanded Technical Program Abstracts with Biographies, 1986,60～61
[19]C.Torres-Verdin, F. X. Bostick, Principles of spatial surface electric field filtering in magneto telluric:Electromagnetic array profiling (EMAP). Geophysics,1992,57(4):603～622
[20]王家映.电磁阵列剖面法的基本原理[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,1990,增刊,1～11
[21]何继善.电磁排列剖面法(EMAP)及其进展[J].物探化探译丛,1992,4：71～79
[22]杨生.EMAP处理方法在CSAMT勘查中的应用[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1994,3(6)：345～348
[23]罗延钟,万乐.电法勘探新进展[M].北京：地质出版社,1996
[24]刘宏,王家映.三维电磁阵列剖面法的基本原理及应用[J].地球物理学进展,1997,12(1)：61～71
[25]张少云.电磁排列剖面(EMAP)原理及应用[J].江苏地质,1999,23(3)：167～171
[26]Zong K L. Internal company report on removal of static shift effects, 1985
[27]何展翔.相权静校正[J].电磁方法研究与进展.1993,117～124
[28]Sternberg, B. K., Washburne, J. C. Correction for the static shift in magneto telluric using transient electromagnetic soundings. Geophysics.1988,53(11):1459～1468
[29]方文藻,李予国.用瞬变电磁测深校正MT静态效应[J].电磁方法研究与进展,1993,111～116
[30]鲁新便,田春来.瞬变电磁测深法在大地电磁测深曲线静校正中的应用[J].石油物探,1995,34(1)：86～95
[31]姚治龙,王庆乙,胡玉平等.利用TEM测深校正MT静态偏移的技术问题[J].地震地质,2001,23(2)：257～263
[32]杨长福,林长佑.用TEM反演法进行MT静位移的识别和校正[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2001,26(6)：609～614
[33]杨妮妮,王志宏,赵晓鸣.CSAMT静态效应校正方法研究与应用[J].江西科学.2009,27(2)：290～297
[34]解海军,陈明生,阎述.利用小波分析压制静态效应[J].煤田地质与勘探.1998,26(4)：61～65
[35]宋守根,汤井田,何继善.小波分析与电磁测深中静态效应的识别、分离及压制[J].地球物理学报.1995,38(1)：120～128
[36]张翔,胡文宝,严良俊.小波变换在大地电磁测深静校正中的应用[J].江汉石油学院学报.2002,24(2)：40～43
[37]De Groot-Hedlin C. Removal of static shift in two dimensions by regularized inversion [J]. Geophysics,1991,56:2102～2106
[38]De Groot-Hedlin C. Inversion for regional 2d resistivity structure in the presence of galvanic scatters[J]. Geophysical journal international,1995,122:877～889
[39]Ogawa Y, Uchida T. A two-dimension MT inversion assuming Gaussian static shift[J]. Geophysical Journal international,1996,126:69～76
[40]赵晓鸣,张恩力,米晓利等.CSAMT资料处理中的静校正问题[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(3)：311～314
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