非局部多尺度方法及其在混凝土重力坝细观分析中的应用
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摘要
混凝土是典型的复合材料,复杂的宏观力学性能与混凝土材料的细观结构密切相关。混凝土细观结构一般认为是由骨料、砂浆以及界面过渡区等三相介质组成。此外,在砂浆和界面中存在大量微裂缝和孔洞,在荷载作用下这些初始缺陷发生扩展、弯折和汇合,对混凝土材料的宏观性质产生显著影响,导致材料性能逐渐劣化直至破坏。从细观上建立材料模型,并用于宏观结构分析,可以揭示宏观各种复杂现象,为此,本文对混凝土细观数值模型和多尺度方法进行了探讨,建立了基于弹脆性材料的细观数值模型和非局部多尺度方法,并应用于混凝土重力坝模型的数值研究,从细观上分析了引起重力坝模型试验尺寸效应的原因。
论文首先研究了基于弹脆性材料的细观数值模型,考虑到混凝土中存在许多微裂缝和孔洞的结构特点,提出了用含初始缺陷的细观结构来模拟混凝土宏观性能,其中假设初始缺陷位于界面上。针对弹脆性破坏,根据应力集中与应力强度因子之间的关系,建立了等效断裂强度准则。利用该细观模型模拟的混凝土单轴拉压结果与试验吻合的较好。通过分析不同含量的初始缺陷对混凝土细观模型性能的影响,结果表明初始缺陷是混凝土非线性细观模拟的关键。
其次,论文利用递进多尺度方法分析了弯拉试验的破坏过程,讨论了不同材料性能与细观结构尺寸的关系,研究了递进多尺度法的尺寸敏感性。根据宏观非局部理论和体积耦合法,建立了非局部多尺度方法,该方法的计算结果与细观直接分析非常接近。对于断裂破坏问题,基于修正的Voigt-Reuss模型,提出了简化的非局部多尺度方法,通过算例验证了简化后的有效性。
论文假定宏观断裂破坏的方向可以用最大拉应力表征,利用裂缝扩展路径算法,对重力坝模型进行了非局部多尺度分析。与宏观数值结果的对比表明,非局部多尺度方法可以更好的模拟重力坝模型试验中的尺寸效应。根据相似准则,建立了细观上满足相似性的不同比尺的模型,研究了宏观尺寸效应与细观相似性的关系,初步解释了引起重力坝模型尺寸效应的原因。
The macro-level behavior of concrete, one of the typical composites, is associated with the meso-level structure. Generally speaking, meso-level structure of concrete is composed of aggregate, mortar and interface transition zone. Lots of cracks and pores in the mortar and ITZ have been found existed before loading. The propagation, kink and converge of these initial defects have eminent influence on the macro-level behavior of concrete and cause concrete deterioration. Accordingly, the complicated behavior of the macro-level structure can be studied by the numerical model established on the meso-level. In this dissertation, the meso-level numerical model with brittle phases and the nonlocal multiscale method are developed and applied to the analysis of the failure behavior of prenotched gravity dam models. Based on the results, the size effect of dam models is discussed on the meso-level.
According to the characteristic of meso-level structure, the meso-level structure including initial defects on the ITZ is recommended in the simulation of the macro-level behavior of concrete. By means of the relationship between stress concentration and stress intensity factor, an equivalent fracture criterion is proposed for checking the brittle failure. The simulation results for the cubic concrete specimen in the uniaxial tension and compression tests by using the proposed model conform to the physical tests. Moreover, the influence of different content of initial defects on the simulation is analyzed; the results show the nonlinear behavior simulated on the meso-level relies on existing of the initial defects.
By means of multiscale analysis of bending tests, the relations between different behavior of material and the size of meso-level structure are discussed, and the size dependency is studied. On the basis of the nonlocal constitutive theory and couple volume multiscale model, the nonlocal multiscale method is developed. In simulation of the bending test, the results from the nonlocal multiscale analysis are in agreement with those from the direct meso-level analysis. Based on the modified Voigt-Reuss model, the simplified nonlocal multiscale method is proposed for the fracture analysis of concrete.
Combined with the fracture tracking method in which the direction of fracture is assumed to be characterized by the maximum principal stress, the nonlocal multiscale analysis of the prenotched gravity dam model is in accordance with the tests. Contrast to the macro-level analysis, the nonlocal multiscale analysis can obtain more accurate results for the size effect of the dam models. Based on the virtual dam model conforming with Buckinghan’s theorem on the meso-level, the size effect of dam models is explained via meso-structure.
论文首先研究了基于弹脆性材料的细观数值模型,考虑到混凝土中存在许多微裂缝和孔洞的结构特点,提出了用含初始缺陷的细观结构来模拟混凝土宏观性能,其中假设初始缺陷位于界面上。针对弹脆性破坏,根据应力集中与应力强度因子之间的关系,建立了等效断裂强度准则。利用该细观模型模拟的混凝土单轴拉压结果与试验吻合的较好。通过分析不同含量的初始缺陷对混凝土细观模型性能的影响,结果表明初始缺陷是混凝土非线性细观模拟的关键。
其次,论文利用递进多尺度方法分析了弯拉试验的破坏过程,讨论了不同材料性能与细观结构尺寸的关系,研究了递进多尺度法的尺寸敏感性。根据宏观非局部理论和体积耦合法,建立了非局部多尺度方法,该方法的计算结果与细观直接分析非常接近。对于断裂破坏问题,基于修正的Voigt-Reuss模型,提出了简化的非局部多尺度方法,通过算例验证了简化后的有效性。
论文假定宏观断裂破坏的方向可以用最大拉应力表征,利用裂缝扩展路径算法,对重力坝模型进行了非局部多尺度分析。与宏观数值结果的对比表明,非局部多尺度方法可以更好的模拟重力坝模型试验中的尺寸效应。根据相似准则,建立了细观上满足相似性的不同比尺的模型,研究了宏观尺寸效应与细观相似性的关系,初步解释了引起重力坝模型尺寸效应的原因。
The macro-level behavior of concrete, one of the typical composites, is associated with the meso-level structure. Generally speaking, meso-level structure of concrete is composed of aggregate, mortar and interface transition zone. Lots of cracks and pores in the mortar and ITZ have been found existed before loading. The propagation, kink and converge of these initial defects have eminent influence on the macro-level behavior of concrete and cause concrete deterioration. Accordingly, the complicated behavior of the macro-level structure can be studied by the numerical model established on the meso-level. In this dissertation, the meso-level numerical model with brittle phases and the nonlocal multiscale method are developed and applied to the analysis of the failure behavior of prenotched gravity dam models. Based on the results, the size effect of dam models is discussed on the meso-level.
According to the characteristic of meso-level structure, the meso-level structure including initial defects on the ITZ is recommended in the simulation of the macro-level behavior of concrete. By means of the relationship between stress concentration and stress intensity factor, an equivalent fracture criterion is proposed for checking the brittle failure. The simulation results for the cubic concrete specimen in the uniaxial tension and compression tests by using the proposed model conform to the physical tests. Moreover, the influence of different content of initial defects on the simulation is analyzed; the results show the nonlinear behavior simulated on the meso-level relies on existing of the initial defects.
By means of multiscale analysis of bending tests, the relations between different behavior of material and the size of meso-level structure are discussed, and the size dependency is studied. On the basis of the nonlocal constitutive theory and couple volume multiscale model, the nonlocal multiscale method is developed. In simulation of the bending test, the results from the nonlocal multiscale analysis are in agreement with those from the direct meso-level analysis. Based on the modified Voigt-Reuss model, the simplified nonlocal multiscale method is proposed for the fracture analysis of concrete.
Combined with the fracture tracking method in which the direction of fracture is assumed to be characterized by the maximum principal stress, the nonlocal multiscale analysis of the prenotched gravity dam model is in accordance with the tests. Contrast to the macro-level analysis, the nonlocal multiscale analysis can obtain more accurate results for the size effect of the dam models. Based on the virtual dam model conforming with Buckinghan’s theorem on the meso-level, the size effect of dam models is explained via meso-structure.
引文
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