地铁运行所致环境振动与建筑物隔振方法研究
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摘要
随着大城市交通的不断发展,环境振动和噪声的影响日益显著,日本已将其列为七大公害之首。地铁具有快捷、准时和运量大等特点,北京、上海等大城市地铁的发展比其它交通设施发展快得多。因此,地铁运行的环境振动影响将越来越突出。
本文结合上海地铁一号线和在建的地铁十号线附近的上海音乐学院实验剧场、排演中心和教学楼工程的隔振研究展开论文工作。首先归纳整理了环境振动分析的有关理论与分析方法,在对地铁一号线地铁运行所致环境振动的地面现场实测分析的基础上,利用实测数据分析了适合地铁环境振动分析的隧道仰拱荷载。在此基础上,采用二维模型分析了地铁环境振动有限元方法的各种影响因素,比较了三维与二维模型计算的异同点,得到适合二维模型的计算方法。进一步结合实例分析了地铁振动影响下建筑物振动的有限元计算方法及建筑内振动传播的基本规律。最后,分析了自由场隔振的各种连续屏障方法的隔振效果和建筑内局部浮筑结构隔振及建筑基底整体隔振的方法。主要研究成果有:
1.总结了环境振动分析中用到的有限元方法及2.5维有限元方法的有关理论,以及计算中的一些需要加以注意的方面;分析了振动数据处理和评价中的一些计算方法;整理了土中振动波衰减的一般规律和理论。
2.通过对上海地铁一号线的地铁环境振动影响的实测分析,区分了地铁列车与汽车所致环境振动的不同特点。在此基础上利用已有的钢轨加速度实测数据和不同的车辆模型,考虑轮轨Hertz非线性接触和轨道不平顺影响,得到了钢轨荷载时程。随后分别利用简单弹簧系统模型与复杂纵向模型,分析了适合地铁环境振动分析各种模型的隧道仰拱荷载时程和轮载时程。
3.采用平面模型分析了有限元方法用于环境振动计算时振型叠加法与直接积分法的适用性,讨论了瑞利阻尼系数取值的合理性,研究了模型规模、单元尺寸及计算时步的确定方法。比较了几种人工边界用于计算的不同影响。
4.对考虑了三维影响的2.5维有限元方法进行了理论探讨并编制了程序,通过三维和2.5维有限元方法考虑列车行进效应的分析,得到了地铁环境振动在土层自由场的衰减规律,也与二维模型环境振动分析进行了对比,分析了二维模型计算的可行性以及合理的隧道仰拱荷载时程。利用二维模型分析了厚层软土情况地铁环境振动的自由场衰减规律,得出建筑在不同振动限值标准情况下需要考虑振动影响的范围。
5.利用土与结构相互作用模型分析了建筑物建成前后的振动影响及不同建筑布置的影响,研究了建筑振动分析合理的底部输入时程。结合上海音乐学院教学楼工程在地铁环境振动影响下的振动计算,分析了建筑物中振动传播的规律及建筑振动计算方法,讨论了按剪切波长与弯曲波长进行结构单元划分的区别。比较了建筑振动分析时一致激励与多点激励的各种输入方法的不同影响,分析了适合大平面建筑的基础大质量法多点激励计算方法及建筑内振动衰减规律。比较了建筑三维模型和二维模型用于振动计算的区别。
6.采用二维平面应变模型,分析了土层自由场的混凝土隔振墙、空沟和建筑下部的波阻块等屏障的隔振效果。结合上海音乐学院实验剧场、排演中心和教学楼工程在地铁环境振动影响下的隔振工程实例,分析了建筑物的局部浮筑结构隔振中与簧下楼板的相互作用问题以及输入时程确定问题,进行了实验剧场观众厅建筑的基底弹簧整体隔振方法的计算分析和基底隔振建筑振动特点的讨论。
With the department of metropolitans, environmental vibration and noise is getting worse and notable, witch have been distributed to the first of the seven social calamities in Japan. Subway is a way of rapidness, punctuality and mass conveyance, etc. Its development is faster and faster than other traffics in Beijing, Shanghai, etc. Therefore, the effect of environmental vibration from subway will be more and more prominent.
This paper is based on the study of the vibration isolation method of the test theater, the rehearsal center, and the teaching building in Shanghai Music College from the impact of Subway Line No. 1 and No. 10. At first, the theory and analyzing method about environment vibration is summed up. On the based of vibration tests data from the site ground near the Subway Line No. 1, the suitable load serials on tunnel invert for the simple and complex model are presented. Then, by using a two-dimension model the influencing factor of finite element method on environmental vibration is analyzed. Difference between three-dimension models and two-dimension models is analyzed, and the analyzing method suited to two-dimension methods is presented. Moreover, combined with the instance of building, the finite element method for calculating building vibration from subway and its influencing factor is analyzed. Finally, the effect of vibration isolation of several types of barriers in free field is researched, and the floating slab in buildings for vibration isolation and the base isolation method of buildings is researched. The main research production is as follow:
1. Theory of finite element and 2.5 dimension finite element methods for analyzing vibration from environmental vibration is summarized. Some aspects on analyzing in the two methods are also summarized. The computing method of processing and evaluating of vibration data is analyzed. The common attenuation law and theory about vibration wave is summed up.
2. By analysis of the vibration tests data from the site ground near the Subway Line No. 1 in Shanghai, the characteristics of environmental vibration from subway trains and those from autos are distinguished. By considering the Hertz nonlinear contact and track irregularity, the load series on rail is obtained using the acceleration test data on rail from other researchers and different vehicle models. Then, utilizing the simple and complex models, the load series on tunnel invert suited to different analyzing model of environmental vibration from subway is researched.
3. Utilizing the plane model, the applicability of the modal superposition method and the direct integration method for finite element method on environmental vibration calculation is analyzed. Moreover, rationality of Rayleigh damping coefficient selecting is discussed, and determination of the scope of analyzing model, element size and time step is studied. The several artificial boundary conditions are compared about their effect on vibration calculation.
4. Working out the program of 2.5 D finite element method, witch is solved with plane finite element but solving three-dimension questions. By three-dimension and 2.5 D finite element method, separately, considering the moving of vehicle and longitudinal transmitting of vibration, attenuation law of environmental vibration from subway in soil is obtained. Then it is compared with the conclusion from two-dimension model, and the feasibility of two-dimension method is discussed, in addition, the load on tunnel invert is obtained. Moreover, using two-dimension model, the vibration attenuation law of free field in thick-layered soft soil is analyzed, and the soil scopes requiring consider by various limit criterions is obtained for building.
5. Using the interactive model of buildings and soil, the influence on vibration level in free field soil with or without the building and with different building arrangement is discussed. Then, the suitable input series on the building support is analyzed. Combined with the analysis of vibration from the impact of subway about the teaching building in Shanghai Music College, the transmission law of vibration in buildings and the calculating method of it are analyzed. The different meshing criteria of building model with between shear wave length and bending wave length are discussed. Then, various methods of base input for the single-support excitation and multiple-support excitation in building vibration analysis is discussed about their influence on vibration level results, and the large mass method in multiple-support excitation is analyzed, which is suitable to large layout buildings, so the attenuation law in such building is obtained. It is also compared that the difference between three-dimension and two-dimension model of building in vibration analysis.
6. Utilizing the two-dimension model, the effect of vibration isolation barriers including concrete filled trenches, open trenches and WIB (wave impeding barriers) under a building is analyzed. Combined with the analysis of vibration isolation from the impact of subway about the test theater and the rehearsal center in Shanghai Music College, the isolation effect of floating slab in the room of the rehearsal center is discussed, especially on the interactive between floating slab and the building slab under it and the determination of the input time series for single-support analysis of the floating slab. Moreover, the effect of the base-isolation by springs under the test theater auditorium hall is analyzed and the vibration characteristic of such building is discussed.
本文结合上海地铁一号线和在建的地铁十号线附近的上海音乐学院实验剧场、排演中心和教学楼工程的隔振研究展开论文工作。首先归纳整理了环境振动分析的有关理论与分析方法,在对地铁一号线地铁运行所致环境振动的地面现场实测分析的基础上,利用实测数据分析了适合地铁环境振动分析的隧道仰拱荷载。在此基础上,采用二维模型分析了地铁环境振动有限元方法的各种影响因素,比较了三维与二维模型计算的异同点,得到适合二维模型的计算方法。进一步结合实例分析了地铁振动影响下建筑物振动的有限元计算方法及建筑内振动传播的基本规律。最后,分析了自由场隔振的各种连续屏障方法的隔振效果和建筑内局部浮筑结构隔振及建筑基底整体隔振的方法。主要研究成果有:
1.总结了环境振动分析中用到的有限元方法及2.5维有限元方法的有关理论,以及计算中的一些需要加以注意的方面;分析了振动数据处理和评价中的一些计算方法;整理了土中振动波衰减的一般规律和理论。
2.通过对上海地铁一号线的地铁环境振动影响的实测分析,区分了地铁列车与汽车所致环境振动的不同特点。在此基础上利用已有的钢轨加速度实测数据和不同的车辆模型,考虑轮轨Hertz非线性接触和轨道不平顺影响,得到了钢轨荷载时程。随后分别利用简单弹簧系统模型与复杂纵向模型,分析了适合地铁环境振动分析各种模型的隧道仰拱荷载时程和轮载时程。
3.采用平面模型分析了有限元方法用于环境振动计算时振型叠加法与直接积分法的适用性,讨论了瑞利阻尼系数取值的合理性,研究了模型规模、单元尺寸及计算时步的确定方法。比较了几种人工边界用于计算的不同影响。
4.对考虑了三维影响的2.5维有限元方法进行了理论探讨并编制了程序,通过三维和2.5维有限元方法考虑列车行进效应的分析,得到了地铁环境振动在土层自由场的衰减规律,也与二维模型环境振动分析进行了对比,分析了二维模型计算的可行性以及合理的隧道仰拱荷载时程。利用二维模型分析了厚层软土情况地铁环境振动的自由场衰减规律,得出建筑在不同振动限值标准情况下需要考虑振动影响的范围。
5.利用土与结构相互作用模型分析了建筑物建成前后的振动影响及不同建筑布置的影响,研究了建筑振动分析合理的底部输入时程。结合上海音乐学院教学楼工程在地铁环境振动影响下的振动计算,分析了建筑物中振动传播的规律及建筑振动计算方法,讨论了按剪切波长与弯曲波长进行结构单元划分的区别。比较了建筑振动分析时一致激励与多点激励的各种输入方法的不同影响,分析了适合大平面建筑的基础大质量法多点激励计算方法及建筑内振动衰减规律。比较了建筑三维模型和二维模型用于振动计算的区别。
6.采用二维平面应变模型,分析了土层自由场的混凝土隔振墙、空沟和建筑下部的波阻块等屏障的隔振效果。结合上海音乐学院实验剧场、排演中心和教学楼工程在地铁环境振动影响下的隔振工程实例,分析了建筑物的局部浮筑结构隔振中与簧下楼板的相互作用问题以及输入时程确定问题,进行了实验剧场观众厅建筑的基底弹簧整体隔振方法的计算分析和基底隔振建筑振动特点的讨论。
With the department of metropolitans, environmental vibration and noise is getting worse and notable, witch have been distributed to the first of the seven social calamities in Japan. Subway is a way of rapidness, punctuality and mass conveyance, etc. Its development is faster and faster than other traffics in Beijing, Shanghai, etc. Therefore, the effect of environmental vibration from subway will be more and more prominent.
This paper is based on the study of the vibration isolation method of the test theater, the rehearsal center, and the teaching building in Shanghai Music College from the impact of Subway Line No. 1 and No. 10. At first, the theory and analyzing method about environment vibration is summed up. On the based of vibration tests data from the site ground near the Subway Line No. 1, the suitable load serials on tunnel invert for the simple and complex model are presented. Then, by using a two-dimension model the influencing factor of finite element method on environmental vibration is analyzed. Difference between three-dimension models and two-dimension models is analyzed, and the analyzing method suited to two-dimension methods is presented. Moreover, combined with the instance of building, the finite element method for calculating building vibration from subway and its influencing factor is analyzed. Finally, the effect of vibration isolation of several types of barriers in free field is researched, and the floating slab in buildings for vibration isolation and the base isolation method of buildings is researched. The main research production is as follow:
1. Theory of finite element and 2.5 dimension finite element methods for analyzing vibration from environmental vibration is summarized. Some aspects on analyzing in the two methods are also summarized. The computing method of processing and evaluating of vibration data is analyzed. The common attenuation law and theory about vibration wave is summed up.
2. By analysis of the vibration tests data from the site ground near the Subway Line No. 1 in Shanghai, the characteristics of environmental vibration from subway trains and those from autos are distinguished. By considering the Hertz nonlinear contact and track irregularity, the load series on rail is obtained using the acceleration test data on rail from other researchers and different vehicle models. Then, utilizing the simple and complex models, the load series on tunnel invert suited to different analyzing model of environmental vibration from subway is researched.
3. Utilizing the plane model, the applicability of the modal superposition method and the direct integration method for finite element method on environmental vibration calculation is analyzed. Moreover, rationality of Rayleigh damping coefficient selecting is discussed, and determination of the scope of analyzing model, element size and time step is studied. The several artificial boundary conditions are compared about their effect on vibration calculation.
4. Working out the program of 2.5 D finite element method, witch is solved with plane finite element but solving three-dimension questions. By three-dimension and 2.5 D finite element method, separately, considering the moving of vehicle and longitudinal transmitting of vibration, attenuation law of environmental vibration from subway in soil is obtained. Then it is compared with the conclusion from two-dimension model, and the feasibility of two-dimension method is discussed, in addition, the load on tunnel invert is obtained. Moreover, using two-dimension model, the vibration attenuation law of free field in thick-layered soft soil is analyzed, and the soil scopes requiring consider by various limit criterions is obtained for building.
5. Using the interactive model of buildings and soil, the influence on vibration level in free field soil with or without the building and with different building arrangement is discussed. Then, the suitable input series on the building support is analyzed. Combined with the analysis of vibration from the impact of subway about the teaching building in Shanghai Music College, the transmission law of vibration in buildings and the calculating method of it are analyzed. The different meshing criteria of building model with between shear wave length and bending wave length are discussed. Then, various methods of base input for the single-support excitation and multiple-support excitation in building vibration analysis is discussed about their influence on vibration level results, and the large mass method in multiple-support excitation is analyzed, which is suitable to large layout buildings, so the attenuation law in such building is obtained. It is also compared that the difference between three-dimension and two-dimension model of building in vibration analysis.
6. Utilizing the two-dimension model, the effect of vibration isolation barriers including concrete filled trenches, open trenches and WIB (wave impeding barriers) under a building is analyzed. Combined with the analysis of vibration isolation from the impact of subway about the test theater and the rehearsal center in Shanghai Music College, the isolation effect of floating slab in the room of the rehearsal center is discussed, especially on the interactive between floating slab and the building slab under it and the determination of the input time series for single-support analysis of the floating slab. Moreover, the effect of the base-isolation by springs under the test theater auditorium hall is analyzed and the vibration characteristic of such building is discussed.
引文
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