相邻结构连接阻尼器的减震控制优化研究
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摘要
随着经济和社会的发展,城市人均占有面积逐渐减少,导致现代城市建筑越来越密,如何防止间隔很近的建筑物在强震作用下发生碰撞,又提高这些建筑物的抗震性能和抗风性能,运用现代结构控制的概念,采用控制装置来连接相邻建筑的思想则应运而生。粘滞液体阻尼器作为一种有效的控制元件,被广泛使用。本文对连接相邻建筑的粘滞阻尼器的设置位置和阻尼参数进行了同时优化,并通过模拟地震振动台试验进行了验证。试验分析了结构进入弹塑性状态后阻尼器对结构地震反应的影响,从而提出相邻结构减震的合理方法。主要研究工作如下:
通过Maxwell模型模拟的粘滞阻尼器连接的两种不同相邻结构的地震反应分析,对阻尼器设置的位置和阻尼参数进行了同时优化。在El Centro地震波、Tianjin地震波、Taft地震波、Shw地震波和La Union五种典型地震波作用下,分别对不同质量比和不同刚度比的主、结构在无阻尼和有阻尼情况下进行了地震反应比较,并以主结构的顶层最大相对位移最小作为优化目标时,采用枚举法寻求出最优阻尼器摆放的位置以及对应的最优阻尼系数。研究了主结构顶层最大相对位移随阻尼器阻尼系数的变化情况,分析了相邻结构的地震反应及阻尼器最优阻尼系数与主、结构的质量比和刚度比之间的关系,确定了阻尼器较优化的设置位置。
设计了15层主结构与7层结构的两相邻框架剪力墙模型结构,对相邻模型结构进行了有限元分析,确定了振动台试验所用阻尼器的参数。在前述分析的基础上,本文选取两种较优和一种相对较差的三种位置分别连接阻尼器,输入EI Centro波、San Fernando波和上海人工SHW2波三种振动台地震波及三种不同加速度峰值,对相邻模型结构进行地震反应分析的详细比较,以主结构顶层相对位移最小为优化目标,寻求出各种工况下的最优阻尼系数,选取试验用较优的阻尼器参数。对试验用阻尼器的阻尼力-位移滞回曲线进行了分析,检验了阻尼器的耗能作用。
进行了上述相邻模型结构的模拟地震振动台试验。根据设防要求,分别按照7度多遇烈度、7度基本烈度、7度罕遇烈度等不同水准地震,依输入EI Centro波、San Fernando波和上海人工SHW2波,对相邻模型结构在无阻尼连接及三种不同位置连接阻尼器分别进行多个工况的振动台试验。试验分析了相邻模型结构的动力特性及不同部位的加速度、位移、剪力和应变等动力反应,结果显示了阻尼器阻尼系数与连接位置同时优化的优越性。对部分试验数据与理论值进行了对比,验证了分析的可靠性。试验进一步分析了结构进入弹塑性状态后阻尼器对结构地震反应的控制效果,研究了相邻结构在大震作用下的薄弱环节,提出了合理的减震方法。
With the economic and social development, the per capita area in city is gradually reduced, leading to a increasing serious massing of buildings. How to prevent collision of close-packed buildings in the earthquake and improve the seismic and wind resistance of these buildings are more and more important. Thence, the concept of modern structural control, using control devices to connect the adjacent buildings has emerged. Viscous liquid damper, as an effective control component, is widely used. In this paper, the location and damping parameters of viscous dampers connecting adjacent buildings are optimized simultaneously and validated in simulated earthquake shaking table tests. The seismic response by damper after the elastic-plastic state is analyzed, and a reasonable way for adjacent structural damping. Major researches are as follows:
The seismic response analyses are conducted using Maxwell model, which involves two different kinds of adjacent buildings connecting by viscous dampers. Damper locations and parameters are optimized simultaneously. The seismic response comparisons of main structure and sub-structure are carried out in the actions of five critical seismic waves (El Centro, tianjin, taft, Shw, La Union). The results with different mass ratio, different stiffness and existing of dampers or not are obtained, respectively. It is proposed the optimal locations and corresponding damping coefficient using enumeration method, aiming to minimize the maximum relative displacement of the top layer. The performances of the top-level main structure with different damping coefficients are studied. The relationships among the seismic response, optimal damping coefficient and mass ratio, stiffness of main structure and sub-structure are analyzed. The optimal locations of damper are identified.
Two adjacent frame shear wall models, 15-storey main structure and seven-layer sub-structure are designed. Finite element analysis is carried out to determine the damping parameters in the vibration table test. Based on the analysis mentioned earlier, the detailed comparisons with seismic responses for adjacent structures are obtained. Selecting two kinds of better locations for damper ,entering three kinds of seismic waves (EI Centro, San Fernando and Shw2) and acceleration peaks, it is aimed to get the optimal damping coefficient and damper parameters, with the target of minimal relative displacement at the top layer of main structure. The damping force-displacement hysteretic curves of experimental damper are analyzed to test the role of the energy consumption of dampers.
The simulating tests for the above model structures are conducted. According to fortification requirements, shaking table tests of adjacent structures in several conditions are carried out. Different intensity levels(frequently met intensity, 7 degrees basically met intensity and rarely met intensity),different types of earthquake waves(EI Centro waves, San Fernando waves and Shw2 waves),different states of dampers(no dampers and three kinds of connecting locations for dampers )are under the whole consideration. The author analyzed dynamic feature and responses, such as, acceleration , displacement, shear force ,strain and so on. The results show superiority of simultaneous optimization of damping coefficient and linking locations. Comparing experimental results and theoretical values, it is validated by the reliability of analysis. Furthermore, the author analyzes the control effect of seismic response by dampers under the state of elastic-plastic, discusses the weakness of adjacent structures in rarely met earthquake, and put forward reasonable damping methods.
通过Maxwell模型模拟的粘滞阻尼器连接的两种不同相邻结构的地震反应分析,对阻尼器设置的位置和阻尼参数进行了同时优化。在El Centro地震波、Tianjin地震波、Taft地震波、Shw地震波和La Union五种典型地震波作用下,分别对不同质量比和不同刚度比的主、结构在无阻尼和有阻尼情况下进行了地震反应比较,并以主结构的顶层最大相对位移最小作为优化目标时,采用枚举法寻求出最优阻尼器摆放的位置以及对应的最优阻尼系数。研究了主结构顶层最大相对位移随阻尼器阻尼系数的变化情况,分析了相邻结构的地震反应及阻尼器最优阻尼系数与主、结构的质量比和刚度比之间的关系,确定了阻尼器较优化的设置位置。
设计了15层主结构与7层结构的两相邻框架剪力墙模型结构,对相邻模型结构进行了有限元分析,确定了振动台试验所用阻尼器的参数。在前述分析的基础上,本文选取两种较优和一种相对较差的三种位置分别连接阻尼器,输入EI Centro波、San Fernando波和上海人工SHW2波三种振动台地震波及三种不同加速度峰值,对相邻模型结构进行地震反应分析的详细比较,以主结构顶层相对位移最小为优化目标,寻求出各种工况下的最优阻尼系数,选取试验用较优的阻尼器参数。对试验用阻尼器的阻尼力-位移滞回曲线进行了分析,检验了阻尼器的耗能作用。
进行了上述相邻模型结构的模拟地震振动台试验。根据设防要求,分别按照7度多遇烈度、7度基本烈度、7度罕遇烈度等不同水准地震,依输入EI Centro波、San Fernando波和上海人工SHW2波,对相邻模型结构在无阻尼连接及三种不同位置连接阻尼器分别进行多个工况的振动台试验。试验分析了相邻模型结构的动力特性及不同部位的加速度、位移、剪力和应变等动力反应,结果显示了阻尼器阻尼系数与连接位置同时优化的优越性。对部分试验数据与理论值进行了对比,验证了分析的可靠性。试验进一步分析了结构进入弹塑性状态后阻尼器对结构地震反应的控制效果,研究了相邻结构在大震作用下的薄弱环节,提出了合理的减震方法。
With the economic and social development, the per capita area in city is gradually reduced, leading to a increasing serious massing of buildings. How to prevent collision of close-packed buildings in the earthquake and improve the seismic and wind resistance of these buildings are more and more important. Thence, the concept of modern structural control, using control devices to connect the adjacent buildings has emerged. Viscous liquid damper, as an effective control component, is widely used. In this paper, the location and damping parameters of viscous dampers connecting adjacent buildings are optimized simultaneously and validated in simulated earthquake shaking table tests. The seismic response by damper after the elastic-plastic state is analyzed, and a reasonable way for adjacent structural damping. Major researches are as follows:
The seismic response analyses are conducted using Maxwell model, which involves two different kinds of adjacent buildings connecting by viscous dampers. Damper locations and parameters are optimized simultaneously. The seismic response comparisons of main structure and sub-structure are carried out in the actions of five critical seismic waves (El Centro, tianjin, taft, Shw, La Union). The results with different mass ratio, different stiffness and existing of dampers or not are obtained, respectively. It is proposed the optimal locations and corresponding damping coefficient using enumeration method, aiming to minimize the maximum relative displacement of the top layer. The performances of the top-level main structure with different damping coefficients are studied. The relationships among the seismic response, optimal damping coefficient and mass ratio, stiffness of main structure and sub-structure are analyzed. The optimal locations of damper are identified.
Two adjacent frame shear wall models, 15-storey main structure and seven-layer sub-structure are designed. Finite element analysis is carried out to determine the damping parameters in the vibration table test. Based on the analysis mentioned earlier, the detailed comparisons with seismic responses for adjacent structures are obtained. Selecting two kinds of better locations for damper ,entering three kinds of seismic waves (EI Centro, San Fernando and Shw2) and acceleration peaks, it is aimed to get the optimal damping coefficient and damper parameters, with the target of minimal relative displacement at the top layer of main structure. The damping force-displacement hysteretic curves of experimental damper are analyzed to test the role of the energy consumption of dampers.
The simulating tests for the above model structures are conducted. According to fortification requirements, shaking table tests of adjacent structures in several conditions are carried out. Different intensity levels(frequently met intensity, 7 degrees basically met intensity and rarely met intensity),different types of earthquake waves(EI Centro waves, San Fernando waves and Shw2 waves),different states of dampers(no dampers and three kinds of connecting locations for dampers )are under the whole consideration. The author analyzed dynamic feature and responses, such as, acceleration , displacement, shear force ,strain and so on. The results show superiority of simultaneous optimization of damping coefficient and linking locations. Comparing experimental results and theoretical values, it is validated by the reliability of analysis. Furthermore, the author analyzes the control effect of seismic response by dampers under the state of elastic-plastic, discusses the weakness of adjacent structures in rarely met earthquake, and put forward reasonable damping methods.
引文
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