快递配送中心配送模型及应用研究
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摘要
随着企业信息化的推进和电子商务的迅速崛起,快递在我国物流行业和社会经济发展中的地位越来越重要。快递企业的服务以快捷、及时为主要特征,配送的科学性与合理性是其生存和发展的关键,也是其应对竞争、开拓市场的基本途径。我国快递行业起步晚,存在诸多局限性,如:企业规模小,自动化程度低,处理速度慢,快件自动分拣技术落后;专业物流人才不足,对配送过程的效率和质量缺乏有效的控制;配送模式单一,配送时间和配送量没有科学依据,物流成本不断增加,服务质量提高缓慢。目前,学者对快递配送的定量研究严重滞后于快递的发展速度,能够真正帮助快递企业提供科学决策依据的方法比较少。因此,建立一个适合于一般快递企业配送过程的决策模型,量化配送成本、最佳配送量、最佳配送时间意义重大。
本文在阐述我国快递行业发展现状的基础上,首先对国内外关于物流配送的定量和定性研究进行分析,以弄清楚快递配送研究的最新方法和思路,为论文的研究工作奠定理论基础。本文第二章,通过与一般物流企业的特点比较,着重分析快递企业配送特点和模式,指出快递配送模型主要分为考虑客户时间限和不考虑客户时限,其中考虑客户时限又分为部分延迟交货和无延迟交货两种模型。本文第三章根据库存控制模型,建立了多种配送的成本模型,对配送成本、最佳配送量、最佳配送周期等进行了定量分析,并对模型的关键参数进行灵敏度分析,为各模型的最优选择提供依据。在文章第四章,着重对不同规模的快递企业的配送模型应用过程进行分析,以提高模型的实用性。本文最后通过实例来验证了快递配送中心配送模型的效果。希望通过此研究提高配送中心的效率,实现配送中心的科学化、定量化决策。
快递企业配送中心配送过程的定量研究是一个循序渐进的过程,也是一个积累的过程,建立模型需要多次的实证检验和进一步修改。由于时间、条件和资料来源、本人能力的限制,本文存在诸多问题,如:各种模型的数据校验欠缺、缺乏较详细的案例分析等。所有这些缺点都在一定程度上损害了论文的科学性和说服力,因此,本文有关结论还需要在今后的研究与实践中做进一步的分析和检验。
With the advance of information technology companies and the rapid rise of e-commerce, express delivery is becoming increasingly important in logistics industry and our social economic development. The main features of express services is fast, in time, distribution science and rationality is the key to its survival and development, but also its response to competition, the basic way to open up markets. Express industry in China started late, there are many limitations, such as: small scale, low degree of automation, processing speed slow, express automatic sorting technology behind; lack of professional logistics talent , lack of effective control on the distribution process efficiency and quality; distribution a single model, delivery and distribution of content is no scientific basis for increased logistics costs, quality of service is improved slowly. Currently, scholars’s quantitative research for express distribution has been lagging far behind the pace of development delivery, The method which can really help express delivery companies to provide a scientific basis for decision making is relatively small. Therefore, It is a great significance to establish a decision-making model for distribution to the general process of courier company, quantitative distribution costs, the best distribution volume and the best delivery time.
This paper presents the status of China's express delivery industry, First of all, analyse the quantitative and qualitative research at home and abroad about logistics distribution. To clarify the latest methods and ideas of the express distribution, and lay a theoretical foundation for the paper research. In the second chapter, with more general characteristics of logistics enterprises, focusing on analysis of the characteristics and mode of delivery courier companies, express delivery model that is divided into consideration the time limit and without regard to clients customers time, the model which consider the time frame is divided into two models of some customers delayed deliveries, and no delay in delivery.In the third chapter, establish a variety of distribution cost model, and make a quantitative analysis about distribution costs, the best distribution volume, the best delivery cycle, analysed sensitivity to the key parameter of the model, and provide evidence to the optimal choice for the model.Chapter IV in the article, Focusing on the express delivery of different sizes companies about the application process of distribution model,to improve the practicability of the model. Finally, there are an example to validate the delivery model results of express distribution center. Hope that through this research to improve the efficiency of distribution centers, to achieve scientific and quantitative decision-making for distribution centers.
The quantitative research on Express delivery center distribution procese is a process of gradual and accumulation, establish the model need a lot of empirical testing and further revision. Because of the time, conditions, sources of information and my ability limit, such as each model lacking of the data validation and detailed case analysis and so on. All of these shortcomings are damaged the paper’s scientific and persuasive, so the conclusions of this paper need further analysis and testing in future research and practice.
本文在阐述我国快递行业发展现状的基础上,首先对国内外关于物流配送的定量和定性研究进行分析,以弄清楚快递配送研究的最新方法和思路,为论文的研究工作奠定理论基础。本文第二章,通过与一般物流企业的特点比较,着重分析快递企业配送特点和模式,指出快递配送模型主要分为考虑客户时间限和不考虑客户时限,其中考虑客户时限又分为部分延迟交货和无延迟交货两种模型。本文第三章根据库存控制模型,建立了多种配送的成本模型,对配送成本、最佳配送量、最佳配送周期等进行了定量分析,并对模型的关键参数进行灵敏度分析,为各模型的最优选择提供依据。在文章第四章,着重对不同规模的快递企业的配送模型应用过程进行分析,以提高模型的实用性。本文最后通过实例来验证了快递配送中心配送模型的效果。希望通过此研究提高配送中心的效率,实现配送中心的科学化、定量化决策。
快递企业配送中心配送过程的定量研究是一个循序渐进的过程,也是一个积累的过程,建立模型需要多次的实证检验和进一步修改。由于时间、条件和资料来源、本人能力的限制,本文存在诸多问题,如:各种模型的数据校验欠缺、缺乏较详细的案例分析等。所有这些缺点都在一定程度上损害了论文的科学性和说服力,因此,本文有关结论还需要在今后的研究与实践中做进一步的分析和检验。
With the advance of information technology companies and the rapid rise of e-commerce, express delivery is becoming increasingly important in logistics industry and our social economic development. The main features of express services is fast, in time, distribution science and rationality is the key to its survival and development, but also its response to competition, the basic way to open up markets. Express industry in China started late, there are many limitations, such as: small scale, low degree of automation, processing speed slow, express automatic sorting technology behind; lack of professional logistics talent , lack of effective control on the distribution process efficiency and quality; distribution a single model, delivery and distribution of content is no scientific basis for increased logistics costs, quality of service is improved slowly. Currently, scholars’s quantitative research for express distribution has been lagging far behind the pace of development delivery, The method which can really help express delivery companies to provide a scientific basis for decision making is relatively small. Therefore, It is a great significance to establish a decision-making model for distribution to the general process of courier company, quantitative distribution costs, the best distribution volume and the best delivery time.
This paper presents the status of China's express delivery industry, First of all, analyse the quantitative and qualitative research at home and abroad about logistics distribution. To clarify the latest methods and ideas of the express distribution, and lay a theoretical foundation for the paper research. In the second chapter, with more general characteristics of logistics enterprises, focusing on analysis of the characteristics and mode of delivery courier companies, express delivery model that is divided into consideration the time limit and without regard to clients customers time, the model which consider the time frame is divided into two models of some customers delayed deliveries, and no delay in delivery.In the third chapter, establish a variety of distribution cost model, and make a quantitative analysis about distribution costs, the best distribution volume, the best delivery cycle, analysed sensitivity to the key parameter of the model, and provide evidence to the optimal choice for the model.Chapter IV in the article, Focusing on the express delivery of different sizes companies about the application process of distribution model,to improve the practicability of the model. Finally, there are an example to validate the delivery model results of express distribution center. Hope that through this research to improve the efficiency of distribution centers, to achieve scientific and quantitative decision-making for distribution centers.
The quantitative research on Express delivery center distribution procese is a process of gradual and accumulation, establish the model need a lot of empirical testing and further revision. Because of the time, conditions, sources of information and my ability limit, such as each model lacking of the data validation and detailed case analysis and so on. All of these shortcomings are damaged the paper’s scientific and persuasive, so the conclusions of this paper need further analysis and testing in future research and practice.
引文
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[3]杨晓艳,崔利荣.定时与定量配送的最优策略[J].系统工程,2006(,151):13-15
[4]徐同连,栾琨等.共同配送合并策略及其配送成本[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版) ,2006,(26):68-71
[5]严伟,钱志芳等.物流中的库存与运输成本决策分析[J].物流技术,2004,(11):94-97
[6]陶媛媛.物流一体化中库存控制策略研究:[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文].湖北:武汉理工大学管理学院,2006.12
[7]李柄会.快递企业多点配送线网模型优化相关理论与方法的研究:[同济大学硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学交通运输工程学院,2008.1
[8]袁清平.物流企业配送系统优化研究:[西华大学硕士学位论文].四川:西华大学管理学院,2008
[9]张哲辉.快递企业国内服务网点布局研究:[大连海事大学硕士学位论文].大连:大连海事大学交通运输学院,2008
[10]戴树贵,潘荫荣,胡幼华.基于最小费用的物流配送模型及其混合单亲遗传算法[J]计算机应用.2005(11):2681-2684
[11]廖洁君,陈燕.城市物流中多目标配送模型[J].大连海事大学学报.2004(4):82-85
[12]于成学,武春友,徐振发.企业逆向配送成本模型设计研究[J].软科学.2006(5):30-34
[13]杨杰,周磊山.逆向配送集成模型终端运输线路的优化研究[J].物流技术.2006(11):46-48
[14]马强.电子商务环境下物流配送路线优化研究—基于VRP模型[J].生产力研究,2009(13):147-149
[15]中国快递市场发展研究课题组.中国快递市场发展研究报告[M].中国经济出版社2008(5):121-124
[16]快递服务标准.www.cnii.com.cn ,2008-09-20
[17]顺丰快递即日达服务项目. www.sf-express.com, 2008-10-14
[18]黄祖庆,达庆利,王冬冬.逆向物流具有时滞的一个EOQ扩展订货模型[J].物流技术,2004(5):82-85
[19]黄祖庆,达庆利.基于逆向物流定期和定量处理的最优库存控制策略研究[J].东南大学学报,2005(2):302-307
[20]何世明.我国电子商务物流配送模式探讨:[湖南师范大学硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南师范大学经济与管理学院,2002.03
[21]王倩.我国网上商城物流解决方案大搜索[J].现代情报,2005,(1):207-208
[22]王凌峰.中国物流配送研究分析[J].空运商务,2008,(225):29-31
[23]陈宏.宅急送公司服务模式研究:[电子科技大学硕士学位论文].四川:电子科技大学管理学院,2003
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