电弧炉建模研究及其应用
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摘要
由于在技术和经济上的优越性,电弧炉炼钢技术在国内外钢铁行业得到了日益广泛的应用。随着直流电弧炉炼钢技术的方兴未艾和交流电弧炉炼钢技术的稳步发展,进一步提高电弧炉冶炼效率和改善由此所引发的电能质量问题是一项具有重要现实意义的课题。所有这些都要求对电弧炉内部的物理现象和电弧炉的阻抗特性有更为深入的了解,这也是改善和优化电弧炉冶炼过程、对电弧炉系统进行动态补偿和提高供电质量的基础。针对这些问题,本论文展开了相应的研究。
基于大电弧电流行为在电弧炉冶炼过程中的重要性,本文首先对直流电弧炉内电弧射流部分的二维稳态磁流体力学模型进行了数值模拟。分析了电弧射流部分的电磁现象和传热过程,研究了过程参数和外部电参数对炉内电弧特性的影响和外部端口特性的影响。仿真计算结果进一步证实了前人关于电弧射流物理特性的研究结论,同时发现电弧炉负载伏安特性曲线的变化规律与电弧温度的变化情况密切相关,呈现出十分复杂的变化趋势。另外,阳极表面电流密度、热量分布和剪切力等量的计算结果是对直流电弧炉熔池部分进行数值模拟的基础。
在对直流电弧炉的电弧射流部分进行数值模拟的基础上,考虑炉内电磁力、浮力和表面剪切力等作用力的影响,使用一个二维瞬变磁流体力学模型对电弧炉处于精炼期时熔池内的流场、温度场和电磁场分布进行了数值模拟。分析了熔池部分的电磁现象和流场特性,研究了熔池表面电弧射流的径向剪切力、浮力和电磁力单独作用和共同作用时及底电极直径大小对熔池部分搅拌特性的影响。仿真计算结果表明,电磁力在熔池部分的搅拌过程中起主导作用;底电极半径较大时对熔池的搅拌效果更有利。用该方法对熔池部分进行数值模拟更加符合实际情况,对实际操作过程具有直接的指导意义。
Currently, electric arc furnace (EAF) is widely used in iron and steel industry at home and abroad due to its advantage in technology and economics over others. With the rapid expanding of DC EAF and steady development of AC EAF, it is of great importance to further increase the production efficiency of EAF and improve the corresponding power quality problems to the power system. Consequently, it is required to have a deeper understanding of physical phenomena occurred in EAF and the electrical characteristics of EAF in power system, which is necessary to improve and optimize the iron-making process of EAF. It is also the basis of providing the dynamic compensation to the EAF system and improving the power quality of power system. According to these problems, some issues are reported in this thesis.
Due to the importance of the behavior of large current arc in DC EAF, the numerical simulation of two-dimensional steady Magneto-hydrodynamics models is initially made for the arc plasma region. The electromagnetic phenomenon and heating-transfer processes in the arc plasma are analyzed. The effects of process parameters and electrical parameters to the characteristics of arc plasma and voltage-current characteristics of EAF are studied. The calculated results confirm again the existed conclusions of the physical characteristics of arc plasma presented by others. Meanwhile, it is found that the voltage-current characteristics of EAF are closed related to the varying of temperature of arc plasma and present a complicated nature. Moreover, the calculated results of current density, heat flux and the radial
基于大电弧电流行为在电弧炉冶炼过程中的重要性,本文首先对直流电弧炉内电弧射流部分的二维稳态磁流体力学模型进行了数值模拟。分析了电弧射流部分的电磁现象和传热过程,研究了过程参数和外部电参数对炉内电弧特性的影响和外部端口特性的影响。仿真计算结果进一步证实了前人关于电弧射流物理特性的研究结论,同时发现电弧炉负载伏安特性曲线的变化规律与电弧温度的变化情况密切相关,呈现出十分复杂的变化趋势。另外,阳极表面电流密度、热量分布和剪切力等量的计算结果是对直流电弧炉熔池部分进行数值模拟的基础。
在对直流电弧炉的电弧射流部分进行数值模拟的基础上,考虑炉内电磁力、浮力和表面剪切力等作用力的影响,使用一个二维瞬变磁流体力学模型对电弧炉处于精炼期时熔池内的流场、温度场和电磁场分布进行了数值模拟。分析了熔池部分的电磁现象和流场特性,研究了熔池表面电弧射流的径向剪切力、浮力和电磁力单独作用和共同作用时及底电极直径大小对熔池部分搅拌特性的影响。仿真计算结果表明,电磁力在熔池部分的搅拌过程中起主导作用;底电极半径较大时对熔池的搅拌效果更有利。用该方法对熔池部分进行数值模拟更加符合实际情况,对实际操作过程具有直接的指导意义。
Currently, electric arc furnace (EAF) is widely used in iron and steel industry at home and abroad due to its advantage in technology and economics over others. With the rapid expanding of DC EAF and steady development of AC EAF, it is of great importance to further increase the production efficiency of EAF and improve the corresponding power quality problems to the power system. Consequently, it is required to have a deeper understanding of physical phenomena occurred in EAF and the electrical characteristics of EAF in power system, which is necessary to improve and optimize the iron-making process of EAF. It is also the basis of providing the dynamic compensation to the EAF system and improving the power quality of power system. According to these problems, some issues are reported in this thesis.
Due to the importance of the behavior of large current arc in DC EAF, the numerical simulation of two-dimensional steady Magneto-hydrodynamics models is initially made for the arc plasma region. The electromagnetic phenomenon and heating-transfer processes in the arc plasma are analyzed. The effects of process parameters and electrical parameters to the characteristics of arc plasma and voltage-current characteristics of EAF are studied. The calculated results confirm again the existed conclusions of the physical characteristics of arc plasma presented by others. Meanwhile, it is found that the voltage-current characteristics of EAF are closed related to the varying of temperature of arc plasma and present a complicated nature. Moreover, the calculated results of current density, heat flux and the radial
引文
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