不完全冻结方式的导热塑料蓄冰盘管传热性能研究
|
摘要
冰蓄冷空调系统通过“夜制昼用”的运作方式，提高了能源利用率、优化了资源配置，对经济建设和电网的“移峰填谷”具有重要的现实意义。
综述了国内外冰蓄冷空调系统的研究现状。在对传统的蓄冷方法分析的基础上，提出了采用导热塑料的不完全冻结方式的蓄冰系统。
建立了不完全冻结方式的导热塑料蓄冰盘管的结冰和融冰过程的数学模型，该模型能够较好地模拟蓄冰盘管的结冰和融冰过程。研究了载冷剂进口温度、流速和盘管材料的热导率对蓄冰盘管传热性能的影响，并对完全冻结方式和不完全冻结方式的结冰和融冰过程作了比较。
建立了导热塑料蓄冰盘管传热性能测试装置，测试了结冰和融冰过程中载冷剂的进出口温度、流速和结冰或融冰时间的关系，通过实验结果与理论计算的比较和误差分析，验证了建立的数学模型的合理性。
尝试将导热塑料用于蓄冷系统，进行改进传统的蓄冷方式的研究，对蓄冰盘管系统的进一步发展和应用具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。
Ice thermal storage in air conditioning system has been intensively used to shift the energy demand of cooling plants in practical projects mainly because of its compactness and outstanding social and economic benefits.
The paper summarizes the status of the development and application of the ice thermal storage. Based on the analysis of the traditional thermal storage, the partial freeze-up of ice-on-coil used conductive plastics is proposed.
A numerical model, based on the control volume method, is developed for the freezing and melting of the ice-on-coil thermal storage tank. The model is able to simulate both charging and discharging modes. Furthermore, the impacts of the geometric dimensions of the coils, the inlet temperature and the flow velocity of the secondary fluid on the charge/discharge modes were discussed. A comparison of the total freeze-up and the partial freeze-up has also been made.
An experimental apparatus has been set up start from scratch and some experiments have been done to study the heat transfer characteristics of the ice-on-coil tank. The comparison of the theoretical predictions and the experimental data has been made and the disagreements between them are also analyzed.
The project of the application of the conductive plastics for the partial freeze-up on ice-on-coil tank is useful to further develop the application of conductive plastics and to improve heat transfer of the ice thermal storage.
综述了国内外冰蓄冷空调系统的研究现状。在对传统的蓄冷方法分析的基础上，提出了采用导热塑料的不完全冻结方式的蓄冰系统。
建立了不完全冻结方式的导热塑料蓄冰盘管的结冰和融冰过程的数学模型，该模型能够较好地模拟蓄冰盘管的结冰和融冰过程。研究了载冷剂进口温度、流速和盘管材料的热导率对蓄冰盘管传热性能的影响，并对完全冻结方式和不完全冻结方式的结冰和融冰过程作了比较。
建立了导热塑料蓄冰盘管传热性能测试装置，测试了结冰和融冰过程中载冷剂的进出口温度、流速和结冰或融冰时间的关系，通过实验结果与理论计算的比较和误差分析，验证了建立的数学模型的合理性。
尝试将导热塑料用于蓄冷系统，进行改进传统的蓄冷方式的研究，对蓄冰盘管系统的进一步发展和应用具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。
Ice thermal storage in air conditioning system has been intensively used to shift the energy demand of cooling plants in practical projects mainly because of its compactness and outstanding social and economic benefits.
The paper summarizes the status of the development and application of the ice thermal storage. Based on the analysis of the traditional thermal storage, the partial freeze-up of ice-on-coil used conductive plastics is proposed.
A numerical model, based on the control volume method, is developed for the freezing and melting of the ice-on-coil thermal storage tank. The model is able to simulate both charging and discharging modes. Furthermore, the impacts of the geometric dimensions of the coils, the inlet temperature and the flow velocity of the secondary fluid on the charge/discharge modes were discussed. A comparison of the total freeze-up and the partial freeze-up has also been made.
An experimental apparatus has been set up start from scratch and some experiments have been done to study the heat transfer characteristics of the ice-on-coil tank. The comparison of the theoretical predictions and the experimental data has been made and the disagreements between them are also analyzed.
The project of the application of the conductive plastics for the partial freeze-up on ice-on-coil tank is useful to further develop the application of conductive plastics and to improve heat transfer of the ice thermal storage.
引文
1．张国强，龚光彩等，能源、环境与空调制冷，制冷学报，3，2000，1-6
2．张永铨，蓄能式空调系统，制冷技术，3，1996，23-36
3．刘道平，蓄冷技术及其应用现状，暖通空调，3，1995
4．巨永平，孙志荣，空调工程中的蓄冷技术(一、二)，暖通空调，5、6，1995，38-44
5．张绍志，板单元蓄冰槽传热性能的实验测试与理论研究，浙江大学硕士学位论文，1998．1
6．王晓亮，蓄冰板单元传热性能研究，浙江大学硕士学位论文，1998．12
7．张永铨，国内外冰蓄冷技术的发展与应用，制冷，5，1999
8. ETSU.How operators can save 8M.Refrigeration & Air Conditioning,1993.96(1146)23-26
9．郭开华，气体水合及其在空调蓄冷技术中的应用，制冷，2，1994，22-28
10．王力军，朱京国，胡定科，内肋管壳式冰蓄冷器及其性能的实验研究，暖通空调，3，1998，40-43
11．吕树申，王世平，林培森，气体水合物蓄冷技术研究报告之一——发展概况，制冷，1，1994，8-14
12．郭开华，舒碧芬，空调蓄冷及气体水合物蓄冷技术，制冷，4，1995，15-21
13．严德隆，张维君，空调蓄冷应用技术，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
14．胡兴邦，朱华，叶水泉，冯踏青，蓄冷空调系统原理、工程设计及应用，浙江大学出版社，1997
15．张永铨，张彤，蓄冷系统分类、特性及设计中应注意的一些问题，江苏暖通空调制冷《冰蓄冷专辑》，2，1995，37-38
16．钟志刚，相变蓄能结构能量存储与释放规律的数学模型研究，西安交通大学硕士学位论文，2001．3
17．孔祥谦，有限单元法在传热学中的应用(第三版)，北京，科学技术出版社，1998．9
18．陶文铨编著，数值传热学，西安交通大学出版社，1995．12
19．一濑，工业材料(日)，1988，36(15)：18
20．中村哲郎，热技报堂，1985(1)：57
21．川久保达之．应用物理(B)，1984，(53)：278
22. Nielsen L.E., J. Application of Polym. Science, 1973,(17):3819
23. Cheng S.C,Vochen R.I.,Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer.,1969,(12): 249
24. Jefferson T.B., Witbell O.W.,Sibbitt W.L., Indutry of Eng. Chemistry, 1958,(50):1989
25. Perterson J.M., Hernams J.J., J. Comp. Materials.,1969,(3):338
26. Sundstron D.W., Lee Y.D.,J. Application. Polym. Sci., 1972,(16):3159
27. Ygari Y, Upo T.,J. Application. Polym. Sci.,1985,(30):2225
28. Ygari Y, Tanaka M., et al., J. Application. Polym. Sci.,1986,(32):5705
29． Ygari Y,et al.,J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,1990,(40) :929
30． 石彤非，李树忠等，填充型导热塑料,高分子材料科学与工程，5,1993: 8-13
31． 李良波，孟平蕊，塑料工业,1992,(5) : 46
32． Dumore J.M.,Merk H.J.,and Prins J.A.,Heat transfer from water to ice by thermal convection,Nature(London),Vol.l72,1953,400-461
33． Gadhil A.,Gobin D.,Analysis of two-dimensional melting in rectangular enclosures in presence of convection,ASME,J.Heat Transfer,Vol.106,1984,20-26
34． Viskanta R.,Natural convection in melting and solidification.In Natural convection: Fundamentals and Applications (Edited by S.Kakac et al.),Hemisphere,Washington D.C.,1985,845-877
35． S.L.Chen,Analysis of cool storage for air conditioning,Int.Journal of Energy Research.1992． 16,553-563
36． Silver,S.C.; Milbitz A.; Jones,J.W.; Peterson,J.L.; Hunn B.D.1989． "Component Models for Computer Simulation of Ice Storage System." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.95,Part 1
37． Stewart,R.E.1990． "Ice Formation Rate for a Thermal Storage System." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.96,Part 1
38． Silver,S.C.; Jones,J.W.; Peterson,J.L.; Hunn,B.D.1989． "CBS/ICE: A Computer Program for Simulation of Ice Storage Systems." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.95,Part 1
39． Stefan,J.,Uber die Theorie der eisbildung,insbesondere uber die eisbildung in polarmare,Ann.Phys.Chem.,Vol.42,1891,269-286
40． Spethmann,D.H.1993． "Application Considerations in Optimal Control of Cool Storage." ASHRAE Transcations,Part 1
41． Jekel,T.B.; Mitchell,J.W.; Klein,S.A.1993． "Modeling of Ice-Storage Tanks." ASHRAE Transactions,Part 1
42． Jose,H.M.; Moncef Krarti.1997． "Deterministic Model for an Internal Melt Ice-On-Coil Thermal Storage Tank." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.103,Part 1
43． Jose,H.M.; Moncef Krarti.1997． "Experimental Validation of a Numerical Model for an Internal Melt Ice-On-Coil Thermal Storage Tank." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.103,Part 1
44． London,A.L.; Seban,R.A.1943． "Rate of Ice Formation." ASME Trans.Vol.65
45． Nelson,J.E.B.; Balakrishnan,A.R.; Srinivasa Murthy,S.1999． "Experiments on Stratified Chilled-Water Tanks." International Journal of Refrigeration
46． Dion J.King.; Robert A.Potter,Jr.1998． "Description of a Steady-State Cooling Plant Model Developed for Use in Evaluating Optimal Control of Ice Thermal Energy Storage Systems." ASHRAE Trans.
47． Michael Kintner-Meyer; Ashley F.Emery.1995． "Cost Optimal Analysis and Load Shifting Potentials of Cold Storage Equipment." ASHRAE Trans.
48． Robert A.Potter; Douglas P.Weitzel.1995． "ASHRAE RP-766: Study of Operational Experience with Thermal Storage Systems." ASHRAE Trans.
49． Jerold W.Jones; Shiddapur,GS.1995． "Evaluation of RP-459 Algorithms for Modeling External Melt,Ice-On-Pipe Thermal Storage System Components." ASHRAE Trans.
50． M.Costa,D.Buddhi,A.Oliva; Numerical Simulation of a Heat Thermal
Energy Storage System with Enhanced Heat Conduction. Energy Conversion.Mgmt Vol.39, No.34,319-330, 1998
51. Mills, Anthony F, Heat Transfer, 183-223, 1992
52. Hoseon Yoo, Analytical Solutions to the Unsteady Close-contact Melting on a Flat Plate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43(2000),1457-1467
53. Yen, Y.C., Free convection heat transfer characteristics in a melt water layer,ASME, J. Heat Transfer, Vol102, 1980, 550-556
54．翁中杰，程惠尔，戴华淦，传热学，上海交通大学出版社，1987
55．陶文铨，数值传热学，西安交通大学出版社，1991
2．张永铨，蓄能式空调系统，制冷技术，3，1996，23-36
3．刘道平，蓄冷技术及其应用现状，暖通空调，3，1995
4．巨永平，孙志荣，空调工程中的蓄冷技术(一、二)，暖通空调，5、6，1995，38-44
5．张绍志，板单元蓄冰槽传热性能的实验测试与理论研究，浙江大学硕士学位论文，1998．1
6．王晓亮，蓄冰板单元传热性能研究，浙江大学硕士学位论文，1998．12
7．张永铨，国内外冰蓄冷技术的发展与应用，制冷，5，1999
8. ETSU.How operators can save 8M.Refrigeration & Air Conditioning,1993.96(1146)23-26
9．郭开华，气体水合及其在空调蓄冷技术中的应用，制冷，2，1994，22-28
10．王力军，朱京国，胡定科，内肋管壳式冰蓄冷器及其性能的实验研究，暖通空调，3，1998，40-43
11．吕树申，王世平，林培森，气体水合物蓄冷技术研究报告之一——发展概况，制冷，1，1994，8-14
12．郭开华，舒碧芬，空调蓄冷及气体水合物蓄冷技术，制冷，4，1995，15-21
13．严德隆，张维君，空调蓄冷应用技术，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
14．胡兴邦，朱华，叶水泉，冯踏青，蓄冷空调系统原理、工程设计及应用，浙江大学出版社，1997
15．张永铨，张彤，蓄冷系统分类、特性及设计中应注意的一些问题，江苏暖通空调制冷《冰蓄冷专辑》，2，1995，37-38
16．钟志刚，相变蓄能结构能量存储与释放规律的数学模型研究，西安交通大学硕士学位论文，2001．3
17．孔祥谦，有限单元法在传热学中的应用(第三版)，北京，科学技术出版社，1998．9
18．陶文铨编著，数值传热学，西安交通大学出版社，1995．12
19．一濑，工业材料(日)，1988，36(15)：18
20．中村哲郎，热技报堂，1985(1)：57
21．川久保达之．应用物理(B)，1984，(53)：278
22. Nielsen L.E., J. Application of Polym. Science, 1973,(17):3819
23. Cheng S.C,Vochen R.I.,Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer.,1969,(12): 249
24. Jefferson T.B., Witbell O.W.,Sibbitt W.L., Indutry of Eng. Chemistry, 1958,(50):1989
25. Perterson J.M., Hernams J.J., J. Comp. Materials.,1969,(3):338
26. Sundstron D.W., Lee Y.D.,J. Application. Polym. Sci., 1972,(16):3159
27. Ygari Y, Upo T.,J. Application. Polym. Sci.,1985,(30):2225
28. Ygari Y, Tanaka M., et al., J. Application. Polym. Sci.,1986,(32):5705
29． Ygari Y,et al.,J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,1990,(40) :929
30． 石彤非，李树忠等，填充型导热塑料,高分子材料科学与工程，5,1993: 8-13
31． 李良波，孟平蕊，塑料工业,1992,(5) : 46
32． Dumore J.M.,Merk H.J.,and Prins J.A.,Heat transfer from water to ice by thermal convection,Nature(London),Vol.l72,1953,400-461
33． Gadhil A.,Gobin D.,Analysis of two-dimensional melting in rectangular enclosures in presence of convection,ASME,J.Heat Transfer,Vol.106,1984,20-26
34． Viskanta R.,Natural convection in melting and solidification.In Natural convection: Fundamentals and Applications (Edited by S.Kakac et al.),Hemisphere,Washington D.C.,1985,845-877
35． S.L.Chen,Analysis of cool storage for air conditioning,Int.Journal of Energy Research.1992． 16,553-563
36． Silver,S.C.; Milbitz A.; Jones,J.W.; Peterson,J.L.; Hunn B.D.1989． "Component Models for Computer Simulation of Ice Storage System." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.95,Part 1
37． Stewart,R.E.1990． "Ice Formation Rate for a Thermal Storage System." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.96,Part 1
38． Silver,S.C.; Jones,J.W.; Peterson,J.L.; Hunn,B.D.1989． "CBS/ICE: A Computer Program for Simulation of Ice Storage Systems." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.95,Part 1
39． Stefan,J.,Uber die Theorie der eisbildung,insbesondere uber die eisbildung in polarmare,Ann.Phys.Chem.,Vol.42,1891,269-286
40． Spethmann,D.H.1993． "Application Considerations in Optimal Control of Cool Storage." ASHRAE Transcations,Part 1
41． Jekel,T.B.; Mitchell,J.W.; Klein,S.A.1993． "Modeling of Ice-Storage Tanks." ASHRAE Transactions,Part 1
42． Jose,H.M.; Moncef Krarti.1997． "Deterministic Model for an Internal Melt Ice-On-Coil Thermal Storage Tank." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.103,Part 1
43． Jose,H.M.; Moncef Krarti.1997． "Experimental Validation of a Numerical Model for an Internal Melt Ice-On-Coil Thermal Storage Tank." ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.103,Part 1
44． London,A.L.; Seban,R.A.1943． "Rate of Ice Formation." ASME Trans.Vol.65
45． Nelson,J.E.B.; Balakrishnan,A.R.; Srinivasa Murthy,S.1999． "Experiments on Stratified Chilled-Water Tanks." International Journal of Refrigeration
46． Dion J.King.; Robert A.Potter,Jr.1998． "Description of a Steady-State Cooling Plant Model Developed for Use in Evaluating Optimal Control of Ice Thermal Energy Storage Systems." ASHRAE Trans.
47． Michael Kintner-Meyer; Ashley F.Emery.1995． "Cost Optimal Analysis and Load Shifting Potentials of Cold Storage Equipment." ASHRAE Trans.
48． Robert A.Potter; Douglas P.Weitzel.1995． "ASHRAE RP-766: Study of Operational Experience with Thermal Storage Systems." ASHRAE Trans.
49． Jerold W.Jones; Shiddapur,GS.1995． "Evaluation of RP-459 Algorithms for Modeling External Melt,Ice-On-Pipe Thermal Storage System Components." ASHRAE Trans.
50． M.Costa,D.Buddhi,A.Oliva; Numerical Simulation of a Heat Thermal
Energy Storage System with Enhanced Heat Conduction. Energy Conversion.Mgmt Vol.39, No.34,319-330, 1998
51. Mills, Anthony F, Heat Transfer, 183-223, 1992
52. Hoseon Yoo, Analytical Solutions to the Unsteady Close-contact Melting on a Flat Plate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43(2000),1457-1467
53. Yen, Y.C., Free convection heat transfer characteristics in a melt water layer,ASME, J. Heat Transfer, Vol102, 1980, 550-556
54．翁中杰，程惠尔，戴华淦，传热学，上海交通大学出版社，1987
55．陶文铨，数值传热学，西安交通大学出版社，1991