用于流量测量的网络传感器的研究
摘要
针对当前各个领域中仪器的智能化、信息化、网络化的发展趋势,传统的流量计和通用的流量积算仪也力求提高精度和使用范围,以便实现流量测量远程监控和信息共享。
传统的流量计大都采用HART、CAN、RS485等进行组网,由于几种总线各有特点但互不兼容,不能统一组态,给用户带来了不便;而且在传输距离、扩展性、通信速率等方面也受到很大的限制。随着以太网技术的发展,本文提出了一种基于TCP/IP传输协议的网络化流量测量方案,即采用标准的网络协议,将流量测量和网络技术有机的结合起来,使客户机实现对现场流量测量的远程控制和数据处理。
本系统以单片机为控制核心,采用了模块化结构。在流量测量模块中,首先选取相应的传感器设计测量电路,获取积算所需的差压信号以及补偿所需的绝压和温度信号,再通过单片机控制A/D模数转换进行信号的采集以及软件补偿、积算和显示;单片机还可以提供积算算法在线更新的功能;在网络传输模块中,通过单片机控制网络协议栈芯片的运作,并通过网络接口芯片与以太网进行连接。单片机处于不停的监听端口等待远程连接的状态,当远程客户机访问该系统时,单片机根据远程客户机不同的指令,将流量传输给远程客户机,以供远程客户机进行数据处理和监视。
该系统实质是使流量计本身实现TCP/IP网络通信协议,将流量计作为网络节点直接与计算机网络通信,大大提高了系统的数据传输速度、传输距离以及测量精度。通过网络,用户能够远程监测或控制过程和实验数据;通过网络,一个用户还可以远程监控多个测量过程,而多个用户也可以同时对同一过程进行监控,具有更大的实用价值。
In the trend of intellectualization, informationalization and networklization of the instruments in various fields, the traditional flowmeter and current flow totalizer are required to improve the precision and enlarge using area which can achieve the goal of remote measurement and information sharing.
Such buses as HART, CAN and RS485 are mostly adopted to form a measurement network in the traditional flowmeters. But it has some disadvantages that they employ different protocols such that they can’t be configured uniformly. Furthermore, their transmission distance, expansibility and transmission rate etc. are limited. With the development of Ethernet, a networked flow measurement system based on TCP/IP protocol is present in the paper. This is to enable a client, by a standard network protocol, to have online flow measurement and the capabilities of data monitoring and control with the combined technologies of flow totalizing and network.
The system is of modular structure and uses a single chip microcomputer as its controller. For the flow measurement, sensors should be chosen at first, and then the transduction circuits are designed to transform the differential pressure which is the main variable, the absolute pressure and the temperature into the voltage signals, after that, the voltage signals are converted to digital signals by the A/D convertors under the control of the MCU. The MCU also processes these digital signals and cumulate the flow quantities, makes software compensation and LCD display. Besides, the MCU can update the algorithms of data processing. For network data transmission, the MCU controls the operation of the hardware protocol stack chip and connect to Ethernet with an Ethernet PHY chip. The MCU monitors the port and waits for connection with the client, and will transmit required data to the client according to the client instructions when the connection succeeds.
The goal of the system is to make an intelligent flowmeter as a network node to communicate with a computer network with TCP/IP protocol. The transmission rate, transmission distance and measuring precision have been improved in this schem. The client can monitor and control the whole process and data; it is possible that one client can monitor multiple processes and different clients can monitor the same process at the same time. Therefore it is practical.
传统的流量计大都采用HART、CAN、RS485等进行组网,由于几种总线各有特点但互不兼容,不能统一组态,给用户带来了不便;而且在传输距离、扩展性、通信速率等方面也受到很大的限制。随着以太网技术的发展,本文提出了一种基于TCP/IP传输协议的网络化流量测量方案,即采用标准的网络协议,将流量测量和网络技术有机的结合起来,使客户机实现对现场流量测量的远程控制和数据处理。
本系统以单片机为控制核心,采用了模块化结构。在流量测量模块中,首先选取相应的传感器设计测量电路,获取积算所需的差压信号以及补偿所需的绝压和温度信号,再通过单片机控制A/D模数转换进行信号的采集以及软件补偿、积算和显示;单片机还可以提供积算算法在线更新的功能;在网络传输模块中,通过单片机控制网络协议栈芯片的运作,并通过网络接口芯片与以太网进行连接。单片机处于不停的监听端口等待远程连接的状态,当远程客户机访问该系统时,单片机根据远程客户机不同的指令,将流量传输给远程客户机,以供远程客户机进行数据处理和监视。
该系统实质是使流量计本身实现TCP/IP网络通信协议,将流量计作为网络节点直接与计算机网络通信,大大提高了系统的数据传输速度、传输距离以及测量精度。通过网络,用户能够远程监测或控制过程和实验数据;通过网络,一个用户还可以远程监控多个测量过程,而多个用户也可以同时对同一过程进行监控,具有更大的实用价值。
In the trend of intellectualization, informationalization and networklization of the instruments in various fields, the traditional flowmeter and current flow totalizer are required to improve the precision and enlarge using area which can achieve the goal of remote measurement and information sharing.
Such buses as HART, CAN and RS485 are mostly adopted to form a measurement network in the traditional flowmeters. But it has some disadvantages that they employ different protocols such that they can’t be configured uniformly. Furthermore, their transmission distance, expansibility and transmission rate etc. are limited. With the development of Ethernet, a networked flow measurement system based on TCP/IP protocol is present in the paper. This is to enable a client, by a standard network protocol, to have online flow measurement and the capabilities of data monitoring and control with the combined technologies of flow totalizing and network.
The system is of modular structure and uses a single chip microcomputer as its controller. For the flow measurement, sensors should be chosen at first, and then the transduction circuits are designed to transform the differential pressure which is the main variable, the absolute pressure and the temperature into the voltage signals, after that, the voltage signals are converted to digital signals by the A/D convertors under the control of the MCU. The MCU also processes these digital signals and cumulate the flow quantities, makes software compensation and LCD display. Besides, the MCU can update the algorithms of data processing. For network data transmission, the MCU controls the operation of the hardware protocol stack chip and connect to Ethernet with an Ethernet PHY chip. The MCU monitors the port and waits for connection with the client, and will transmit required data to the client according to the client instructions when the connection succeeds.
The goal of the system is to make an intelligent flowmeter as a network node to communicate with a computer network with TCP/IP protocol. The transmission rate, transmission distance and measuring precision have been improved in this schem. The client can monitor and control the whole process and data; it is possible that one client can monitor multiple processes and different clients can monitor the same process at the same time. Therefore it is practical.
引文
[1] 蔡武昌,孙淮清,纪纲,流量测量方法和仪表的选用,北京,化学工业出版社,2001:6~65,301~330。
[2] 刘英男,唐健,赵虹,智能差压式流量仪研究,[硕士学位论文],沈阳:沈阳工业学院,2001。
[3] 刘欣荣,流量计,北京,水利电力出版社,1984:1~17,60~129。
[4] 王亚军,康琬德,一种高性能的智能流量积算仪,山西科技,2004,4:66~67。
[5] 吴刚,庞彦斌,网络化传感器设计,[硕士学位论文],北京:北京化工大学,2005
[6] A. Flammini, P. Ferrari, E. Sisinni, D. Marioli, A. Taroni, Sensor integration in industrial environment: from field bus to web sensors, Computer Standards and Interfaces, 2003,25:183~194。
[7] 孙延祚,V 型内锥式流量计,天然气工业,2004,24(3):105~10。
[8] 刘跃,内锥流量计的探讨,自动化仪表,2004,25(3):38~42。
[9] 张晓勤,贾玉伟,用差压式流量计测量蒸汽流量时温度、压力补偿的实现及探讨,纯碱工业,2006.1:25~29。
[10] 刘光斌,刘东,姚志成,单片机系统使用抗干扰技术,北京,人民邮电出版社,2003:69~77,295~318。
[11] 陈力,陈仁文,智能化流量积算控制仪研究,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2006。
[12] 明晓,钟伟,纺锤体流量计流场的数值模拟,科技导报,2005,Vol. 23:40~42。
[13] 苏彦勋,李金海,流量计量,北京,中国计量出版社,1991:1~80。
[14] 杨根生,林辉渝,流量测量仪表,北京,机械工业出版社,1986:1~226。
[15] 应启戛,赵学端,流量检测及仪表,上海,上海交通大学出版社,1987:1~61。
[16] Behrouz A. Forouzan, Sophia Chung Fegan, TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 北京,清华大学出版社,2000:17~40。
[17] (美)史蒂文斯(W. Richard Stevens),范建华等译,TCP/IP 详解,卷 1:协议,北京,机械工业出版社,2000.4:1,4~5,6~7,170~173。
[18] 谢希仁,计算机网络,北京,电子工业出版社,2005:256~260。
[19] Douglas E.Comer. Internetworking With TCP/IP Vol I: Principles, Protocols, and Architectures, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2001
[20] W. Richard Stevens. TCP/IP illustrated, Volume 1, China Machine Press, 2000
[21] 高晓蓉,传感器技术,成都,西南交通大学出版社,2003:74~94。
[22] HO-22&25 Series, Half Size Clock Oscillators TTL/HCMOS Compatible, HOSONIC ELECTRONIC CO, LTD. 2000。
[23] LM193A/293/A/393/A/2903, Low power dual voltage comparator, Philips Semiconductors, 2002。
[24] 金发庆,传感器技术与应用,北京,机械工业出版社,2002:53~55。
[25] OP07, Low Offset Voltage Operational Amplifier, Maxim, 1995。
[26] 黄继昌,徐巧鱼,张海贵,等,传感器工作原理及应用实例,北京,人民邮电出版社,1998:18~19。
[27] 杨清梅,孙建民,传感器与测试技术,哈尔滨,哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2004:49~50。
[28] Bonnie C. Baker,Precision Temperature-Sensing With RTD Circuits,Microchip Technology Inc.,2003。
[29] 张宾,梅涛,马以武,等,一种陶瓷电容式压力传感器的设计和实验研究,传感器世界,2005.3:16~19。
[30] 唐力强,李民强,陈建群,等,新型厚膜陶瓷电容式压力传感器感压元件研究,传感器与微系统,2006,25(6):39~42。
[31] Low Cost Low Power Instrumentation Amplifier AD620,Analog Devices, Inc.,2004。
[32] FlashFlex51 MCU SST89V564RD, Preliminary Specifications Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. 2002
[33] AD7707, 3 V/5 V, 610 V Input Range, 1 mw, 3-Channel 16-Bit, Sigma-Delta ADC,Analog Devices, Inc.,2000。
[34] GXM12864D, Liquid Crystal Display Module, NANJING GUOXIAN ELELECTRONICS CORP. ,2005.
[35] 张明,王礼平,便携式医疗监护仪器网络化接口的设计,现代电子技术,2005,3:118~120。
[36] 10/100 BASE-T SIGNAL PORT TRANSFORMER MODULES With 1:1 Transmit Turns Ratios H1012, Pulse COPR.2002。
[37] W3100A WIZnet, Inc&iin Chip, Inc. 2004
[38] RTL8201BL, Realtek Semiconductor COPR. 2002。
[39] 赵新民,智能仪器设计基础,哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999:13~164。
[40] 王幸之,王雷,翟成,等,单片机应用系统抗干扰技术,北京航空航天大学出版社,2000。
[41] 李志,弯管流量计在蒸汽计量中的应用,工业计量,2001(2):36~38。
[42] 孙淮清,王建中,流量测量节流装置设计手册,北京,化学工业出版社,2000:319。
[43] 陈坚,陈伟,等,Visual C++ 网络高级编程,北京,人民邮电出版社,2001。
[44] 雷斌,黄超,杨建华,Visual C++ 6.0 网络编程技术,北京:人民邮电出版社,2000。
[45] 罗军舟,黎波涛,杨明,等,TCP/IP 协议及网络编程技术,北京,清华大学出版社,2004。
[46] Boot-Strap Loader User’s Guide, Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. 2004
[47] 气压手泵 TP1-4,传感与测量,GE 工业集团,2005。
[48] 数字压力指示仪-DPI 705,传感与测量,GE 工业集团,2005。
[2] 刘英男,唐健,赵虹,智能差压式流量仪研究,[硕士学位论文],沈阳:沈阳工业学院,2001。
[3] 刘欣荣,流量计,北京,水利电力出版社,1984:1~17,60~129。
[4] 王亚军,康琬德,一种高性能的智能流量积算仪,山西科技,2004,4:66~67。
[5] 吴刚,庞彦斌,网络化传感器设计,[硕士学位论文],北京:北京化工大学,2005
[6] A. Flammini, P. Ferrari, E. Sisinni, D. Marioli, A. Taroni, Sensor integration in industrial environment: from field bus to web sensors, Computer Standards and Interfaces, 2003,25:183~194。
[7] 孙延祚,V 型内锥式流量计,天然气工业,2004,24(3):105~10。
[8] 刘跃,内锥流量计的探讨,自动化仪表,2004,25(3):38~42。
[9] 张晓勤,贾玉伟,用差压式流量计测量蒸汽流量时温度、压力补偿的实现及探讨,纯碱工业,2006.1:25~29。
[10] 刘光斌,刘东,姚志成,单片机系统使用抗干扰技术,北京,人民邮电出版社,2003:69~77,295~318。
[11] 陈力,陈仁文,智能化流量积算控制仪研究,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2006。
[12] 明晓,钟伟,纺锤体流量计流场的数值模拟,科技导报,2005,Vol. 23:40~42。
[13] 苏彦勋,李金海,流量计量,北京,中国计量出版社,1991:1~80。
[14] 杨根生,林辉渝,流量测量仪表,北京,机械工业出版社,1986:1~226。
[15] 应启戛,赵学端,流量检测及仪表,上海,上海交通大学出版社,1987:1~61。
[16] Behrouz A. Forouzan, Sophia Chung Fegan, TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 北京,清华大学出版社,2000:17~40。
[17] (美)史蒂文斯(W. Richard Stevens),范建华等译,TCP/IP 详解,卷 1:协议,北京,机械工业出版社,2000.4:1,4~5,6~7,170~173。
[18] 谢希仁,计算机网络,北京,电子工业出版社,2005:256~260。
[19] Douglas E.Comer. Internetworking With TCP/IP Vol I: Principles, Protocols, and Architectures, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2001
[20] W. Richard Stevens. TCP/IP illustrated, Volume 1, China Machine Press, 2000
[21] 高晓蓉,传感器技术,成都,西南交通大学出版社,2003:74~94。
[22] HO-22&25 Series, Half Size Clock Oscillators TTL/HCMOS Compatible, HOSONIC ELECTRONIC CO, LTD. 2000。
[23] LM193A/293/A/393/A/2903, Low power dual voltage comparator, Philips Semiconductors, 2002。
[24] 金发庆,传感器技术与应用,北京,机械工业出版社,2002:53~55。
[25] OP07, Low Offset Voltage Operational Amplifier, Maxim, 1995。
[26] 黄继昌,徐巧鱼,张海贵,等,传感器工作原理及应用实例,北京,人民邮电出版社,1998:18~19。
[27] 杨清梅,孙建民,传感器与测试技术,哈尔滨,哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2004:49~50。
[28] Bonnie C. Baker,Precision Temperature-Sensing With RTD Circuits,Microchip Technology Inc.,2003。
[29] 张宾,梅涛,马以武,等,一种陶瓷电容式压力传感器的设计和实验研究,传感器世界,2005.3:16~19。
[30] 唐力强,李民强,陈建群,等,新型厚膜陶瓷电容式压力传感器感压元件研究,传感器与微系统,2006,25(6):39~42。
[31] Low Cost Low Power Instrumentation Amplifier AD620,Analog Devices, Inc.,2004。
[32] FlashFlex51 MCU SST89V564RD, Preliminary Specifications Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. 2002
[33] AD7707, 3 V/5 V, 610 V Input Range, 1 mw, 3-Channel 16-Bit, Sigma-Delta ADC,Analog Devices, Inc.,2000。
[34] GXM12864D, Liquid Crystal Display Module, NANJING GUOXIAN ELELECTRONICS CORP. ,2005.
[35] 张明,王礼平,便携式医疗监护仪器网络化接口的设计,现代电子技术,2005,3:118~120。
[36] 10/100 BASE-T SIGNAL PORT TRANSFORMER MODULES With 1:1 Transmit Turns Ratios H1012, Pulse COPR.2002。
[37] W3100A WIZnet, Inc&iin Chip, Inc. 2004
[38] RTL8201BL, Realtek Semiconductor COPR. 2002。
[39] 赵新民,智能仪器设计基础,哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999:13~164。
[40] 王幸之,王雷,翟成,等,单片机应用系统抗干扰技术,北京航空航天大学出版社,2000。
[41] 李志,弯管流量计在蒸汽计量中的应用,工业计量,2001(2):36~38。
[42] 孙淮清,王建中,流量测量节流装置设计手册,北京,化学工业出版社,2000:319。
[43] 陈坚,陈伟,等,Visual C++ 网络高级编程,北京,人民邮电出版社,2001。
[44] 雷斌,黄超,杨建华,Visual C++ 6.0 网络编程技术,北京:人民邮电出版社,2000。
[45] 罗军舟,黎波涛,杨明,等,TCP/IP 协议及网络编程技术,北京,清华大学出版社,2004。
[46] Boot-Strap Loader User’s Guide, Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. 2004
[47] 气压手泵 TP1-4,传感与测量,GE 工业集团,2005。
[48] 数字压力指示仪-DPI 705,传感与测量,GE 工业集团,2005。
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