土石坝浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙设计与施工技术研究
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摘要
本文结合尼尔基水利枢纽工程的浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙土石坝的设计，对浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙的结构型式和施工技术进行优化研究，主要研究内容归纳如下：
目前我国在浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙土石坝设计中，心墙的型式多采用主、副墙结构，即主墙为沥青混凝土，副墙为沥青砂浆砌体。该种心墙的结构型式，由于副墙与主墙、副墙与上下游侧过渡料的变形模量发生突变，不利于应力的传递，造成主应力差值偏大。因此通过对过渡层与心墙应力状态分析，研究取消副墙，主墙与过渡料直接接触，来改善应力条件。
另外通过对以往工程的施工经验，由于副墙的存在制约了沥青混凝土采用高效的机械化施工条件，影响了工程的施工进度。因此从施工技术方面考虑取消副墙也是非常必要的。并提出了对取消副墙后，如何解决没有副墙砌体，沥青混凝土主墙的施工技术问题。
本论文中对浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙和过渡层的厚度选择，心墙与坝基、混凝土建筑物的连接也做了分析、研究，提出了心墙与不同坝基和不同混凝土建筑物相适宜的连接型式和应注意的问题。同时对沥青混凝土心墙的施工质量控制、施工导流特点等做了简单的分析和论述。
By combining the design of cast asphalt concrete core earth-rock dam of Nierji Hydroelectric Projects, an optimize study on the structural types and construction technology of cast asphalt concrete core are carried out in the article. The main contents of the study are summed up as follows:
At present, the main and auxiliary core structures are widely adopted in the design of the cast asphalt concrete core earth-rock dam in the state, i.e. the main core to be asphalt concrete and auxiliary core of asphalt mortar masonry. This kind of structures will cause the principal stress difference bigger due to the sharp changes modulus of deformation between auxiliary core and main core, auxiliary core and upstream and downstream transition materials, which is disadvantage of stress transmission. Therefore through a stress analysis to transition layers and main core, it is studied to improve stress conditions by canceling auxiliary core so as to make direct contact between main core and transition materials.
Furthermore according to the previous construction experience, the existence of auxiliary core limits the use of effective mechanized construction on asphalt concrete and effects the project progress. So it is necessary to cancel the auxiliary core from the point view of construction technique. Meanwhile questions on how to solve without auxiliary core masonry and construction technique of asphalt concrete core are raised after the auxiliary core's cancellation.
Analysis and study are carried out in the article on the thickness selection of cast asphalt concrete core and transition layers, the connections of core to dam foundation and concrete structures, the types of connection and questions to core between different dam foundations and concrete structures are given also. Meanwhile quality control of asphalt concrete core construction and character of construction diversion are analyzed and mentioned briefly.
目前我国在浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙土石坝设计中，心墙的型式多采用主、副墙结构，即主墙为沥青混凝土，副墙为沥青砂浆砌体。该种心墙的结构型式，由于副墙与主墙、副墙与上下游侧过渡料的变形模量发生突变，不利于应力的传递，造成主应力差值偏大。因此通过对过渡层与心墙应力状态分析，研究取消副墙，主墙与过渡料直接接触，来改善应力条件。
另外通过对以往工程的施工经验，由于副墙的存在制约了沥青混凝土采用高效的机械化施工条件，影响了工程的施工进度。因此从施工技术方面考虑取消副墙也是非常必要的。并提出了对取消副墙后，如何解决没有副墙砌体，沥青混凝土主墙的施工技术问题。
本论文中对浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙和过渡层的厚度选择，心墙与坝基、混凝土建筑物的连接也做了分析、研究，提出了心墙与不同坝基和不同混凝土建筑物相适宜的连接型式和应注意的问题。同时对沥青混凝土心墙的施工质量控制、施工导流特点等做了简单的分析和论述。
By combining the design of cast asphalt concrete core earth-rock dam of Nierji Hydroelectric Projects, an optimize study on the structural types and construction technology of cast asphalt concrete core are carried out in the article. The main contents of the study are summed up as follows:
At present, the main and auxiliary core structures are widely adopted in the design of the cast asphalt concrete core earth-rock dam in the state, i.e. the main core to be asphalt concrete and auxiliary core of asphalt mortar masonry. This kind of structures will cause the principal stress difference bigger due to the sharp changes modulus of deformation between auxiliary core and main core, auxiliary core and upstream and downstream transition materials, which is disadvantage of stress transmission. Therefore through a stress analysis to transition layers and main core, it is studied to improve stress conditions by canceling auxiliary core so as to make direct contact between main core and transition materials.
Furthermore according to the previous construction experience, the existence of auxiliary core limits the use of effective mechanized construction on asphalt concrete and effects the project progress. So it is necessary to cancel the auxiliary core from the point view of construction technique. Meanwhile questions on how to solve without auxiliary core masonry and construction technique of asphalt concrete core are raised after the auxiliary core's cancellation.
Analysis and study are carried out in the article on the thickness selection of cast asphalt concrete core and transition layers, the connections of core to dam foundation and concrete structures, the types of connection and questions to core between different dam foundations and concrete structures are given also. Meanwhile quality control of asphalt concrete core construction and character of construction diversion are analyzed and mentioned briefly.
引文
[1] 祁世京、关志诚等，土石坝浇筑式沥青混凝土防渗结构设计研究综合报告，水利部东北勘测设计研究院，1999．10
[2] 陈玉夫、赵颖华等，尼尔基水利枢纽工程可研设计报告(修订本)(5)，水利部东北勘测设计研究院，1999．10
[3] 祁世京，土石坝碾压式沥青混凝土心墙施工技术，中国水利水电出版社，2000．12
[4] 关志诚、刘长欣等，沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝过渡层设计及应力状态分析，东北水利水电出版社，1991
[5] 李茂昌，堆石坝浇筑式沥青混凝土防渗心墙设计，东北水利水电出版社，1996
[6] 浇筑式沥青混凝土防渗心墙堆石坝设计研究，水利部东北勘测设计研究院，1991．8
[7] 蒋长元 蒋颂涛等 沥青混凝土防渗墙水力电力出版社 1992
[8] KAARE HOGEJ 教授，沥青混凝土土石坝．挪威土工研究所(NGI)．西安理工大学水工防渗研究室译，1994
[9] 肖红译，(ICOLD1992)填筑坝沥青混凝土心墙技术．国际大坝委员会第84号报告．西安理工大学水工防渗研究室，1997
[10] ASPHALTS AND ALLIED SUBSTANCES by HERBET ABRAHAM, 1962
[11] ASPHALT It's composition Propenties and uses by RALPHN. TKAXLER, 1961
[12] Bituminoumaternls in road construction London HMSO, 1962
[2] 陈玉夫、赵颖华等，尼尔基水利枢纽工程可研设计报告(修订本)(5)，水利部东北勘测设计研究院，1999．10
[3] 祁世京，土石坝碾压式沥青混凝土心墙施工技术，中国水利水电出版社，2000．12
[4] 关志诚、刘长欣等，沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝过渡层设计及应力状态分析，东北水利水电出版社，1991
[5] 李茂昌，堆石坝浇筑式沥青混凝土防渗心墙设计，东北水利水电出版社，1996
[6] 浇筑式沥青混凝土防渗心墙堆石坝设计研究，水利部东北勘测设计研究院，1991．8
[7] 蒋长元 蒋颂涛等 沥青混凝土防渗墙水力电力出版社 1992
[8] KAARE HOGEJ 教授，沥青混凝土土石坝．挪威土工研究所(NGI)．西安理工大学水工防渗研究室译，1994
[9] 肖红译，(ICOLD1992)填筑坝沥青混凝土心墙技术．国际大坝委员会第84号报告．西安理工大学水工防渗研究室，1997
[10] ASPHALTS AND ALLIED SUBSTANCES by HERBET ABRAHAM, 1962
[11] ASPHALT It's composition Propenties and uses by RALPHN. TKAXLER, 1961
[12] Bituminoumaternls in road construction London HMSO, 1962