腐殖活性污泥A~2/O系统脱氮除磷效果与反应动力学研究
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摘要
天然水体过量受纳氮、磷是造成“水体富营养化”的主要原因，从污水处理的可持续性、经济性等方面出发，生物法脱氮除磷都是最佳的选择。随着我国污水排放标准的日趋严格，很多已建污水处理厂已不能满足最新颁布的排放标准中对氮、磷的排放要求，而且大多数污水处理厂在实际运行中都存在碳源不足、生物脱氮除磷效果不稳定以及污泥产量高的问题。因此，研究和开发一种能够解决上述问题的生物脱氮除磷技术就显得尤为迫切。腐殖活性污泥技术作为近年来新开发的一种污水生物处理技术，能够提高活性污泥工艺生物脱氮除磷效率并降低污泥产量，有效地解决污水处理厂运行过程中存在的上述问题。
本文构建了一种将腐殖活性污泥技术与A2/O工艺偶联的腐殖活性污泥A2/O（HS-A2/O）系统，并以其为研究对象，系统地研究了腐殖活性污泥对A2/O工艺脱氮除磷的促进作用和机理，通过对HS-A2/O系统的动力学分析，探讨了HS-A2/O系统的运行机制，考察了腐殖活性污泥培养池运行参数对A2/O工艺除污效能的影响，优化了腐殖活性污泥培养池运行参数。
HS-A2/O系统处理生活污水的试验结果表明，腐殖活性污泥可有效强化A2/O工艺对TN的去除，TN去除率可提高10%，但是对COD和TP去除效果没有明显提高；与普通A2/O系统相比，HS-A2/O系统污泥产量减少了30%，剩余污泥中有机质含量降低了18.5%，腐殖酸含量提高了20.4%，产生的剩余污泥更加稳定。HS-A2/O系统处理低C/N比生活污水的试验结果表明，与普通A2/O工艺相比，TN和TP去除率提高了10%左右；污泥龄（SRT）延长至24d时，HS-A2/O系统依然表现出了很好的污染物去除效果，COD去除率保持在95.3%左右，TN和TP平均去除率可达到87.0%和90.5%。
HS-A2/O系统中的腐殖活性污泥培养池运行参数对污染物去除效果有重要影响，试验结果表明：活性污泥对腐殖酸的吸附平衡符合弗兰德利希平衡公式，吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学方程，吸附动力学常数k2与微生物量之间存在很好的线性关系；溶解氧对活性污泥吸附腐殖酸的影响很小；延长HSR-HRT、增大HSR-R、升高温度及降低HSR-DO可提高培养池腐殖酸还原能力；腐殖活性污泥培养池的最佳运行控制参数HSR-R、HSR-DO、HSR-HRT及温度分别为10%、0mg/L、24h和20℃；在最佳运行控制参数条件下，HS-A2/O系统的COD、TN、TP去除率分别稳定在91%、83%、93%左右。
腐殖活性污泥促进生物脱氮除磷的试验结果表明：腐殖活性污泥能够显著提升生物反硝化速率，迅速降低反硝化过程中的ORP，并提升反应结束时的pH值；通过增加厌氧水解VFAs生成量，提高聚磷菌内碳源合成量，可实现腐殖活性污泥对生物除磷的促进作用。HS-A2/O动力学分析表明，腐殖活性污泥提高了除缺氧池的1反硝化脱氮速率常数外，整个A2/O系统的脱氮除磷反应动力学常数。
Excess nitrogen and phosphorus discharged into natural water bodies isconsidered to be the most important reason for "eutrophication". From sustainabilityand cost-effective aspect of wastewater treatment, BNR technology is the bestoption. With increasingly stringent effluent standards of national urban sewage,many sewage treatment plants cannot meet the latest emissions requirements fornitrogen and phosphorus. The main problems that most of the sewage treatmentplants are facing in the actual operation are insufficient carbon, biological nitrogenand phosphorus removal efficiency instability and high sludge production.Therefore, research and development a BNR technology to solve these problems hasbecome particularly urgent. Humic activated sludge technique is a new biologicalwastewater treatment technology could improving activated sludge process nutrientand phosphorus removal efficiency and reduce sludge production, had substantialadvantages to solve the problems mentioned aboved.
In this study, by coupling of humic activated sludge technique and A2/Oprocess developing a humic activated sludge A2/O system(HS-A2/O). This papersystematically studied the mechanism of humic activated sludge strengthening A2/Oprocess nitrogen and phosphorus removing efficiency. By dynamics analysis ofHS-A2/O system, explored the operating mechanism of HS-A2/O system.Investigated the effects of humic activated sludge reactor operating parameters onpollutant removal efficiency of A2/O process and optimized.
Test results of HS-A2/O system treating domestic wastewater showed thathumic activated sludge can effectively enhance A2/O process10%TN removalefficiency, but COD and TP removal efficiency slightly improved. Compared sludgeproduction of HS-A2/O system and A2/O process, HS-A2/O system is lower about30%, residual sludge organic matter content of HS-A2/O system is18.5%lowerthan A2/O process, humic acid content is20.4%higher, resulting in a more stable.sludge. Compared biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal efficiency in lowC/N ratio domestic sewage treatment, HS-A2/O system TN and TP are higher about10%than A2/O process. When sludge retention time (SRT) extended to24d, HS-A2/O system showed a good performance on contaminant removal, COD, TNand TP removal efficiency maintained at about95.3%,87.0%and90.5%.
Operation parameters of humic activated sludge reactor(HSR) have asignificant effect on contaminants removal efficiency of HS-A2/O system, testresults showed that: Absorption of humic acid by activated sludge conformed toFreundlich isotherm adsorption equation, adsorption process compliespseudo-second-order kinetic equation, adsorption kinetic constants has a goodlinear relationship with microbial biomass. Dissolved oxygen has little influence onactivated sludge adsorption of humic acid. Prolonged HSR-HRT, increasing HSR-R,elevated temperatures and reduced HSR-DO could improve HSR reducing humicacid capacity. HSR optimum HSR-R, HSR-DO, HSR-HRT and temperature are10%,0mg/L,24h and20℃. HS-A2/O system COD, TN, TP removal efficiency werestable at91%,83%,93%under optimum operational parameters.
Test results of humic activated sludge promote biological nutrient removalshowed that:Humic activated sludge significantly enhance biological denitrificationrate, rapidly reduced ORP and improved pH value in the denitrification process. Byenhancing anaerobic hydrolysis generation amount of VFAs to promote PAOsinternal carbon source synthesis to realize humic activated sludge promotingbiological phosphorus removal.Kinetic analysis of HS-A2/O system showed thathumic activated sludge increased besides anoxic tank1denitrification constantsentire A2/O process kinetic constants
本文构建了一种将腐殖活性污泥技术与A2/O工艺偶联的腐殖活性污泥A2/O（HS-A2/O）系统，并以其为研究对象，系统地研究了腐殖活性污泥对A2/O工艺脱氮除磷的促进作用和机理，通过对HS-A2/O系统的动力学分析，探讨了HS-A2/O系统的运行机制，考察了腐殖活性污泥培养池运行参数对A2/O工艺除污效能的影响，优化了腐殖活性污泥培养池运行参数。
HS-A2/O系统处理生活污水的试验结果表明，腐殖活性污泥可有效强化A2/O工艺对TN的去除，TN去除率可提高10%，但是对COD和TP去除效果没有明显提高；与普通A2/O系统相比，HS-A2/O系统污泥产量减少了30%，剩余污泥中有机质含量降低了18.5%，腐殖酸含量提高了20.4%，产生的剩余污泥更加稳定。HS-A2/O系统处理低C/N比生活污水的试验结果表明，与普通A2/O工艺相比，TN和TP去除率提高了10%左右；污泥龄（SRT）延长至24d时，HS-A2/O系统依然表现出了很好的污染物去除效果，COD去除率保持在95.3%左右，TN和TP平均去除率可达到87.0%和90.5%。
HS-A2/O系统中的腐殖活性污泥培养池运行参数对污染物去除效果有重要影响，试验结果表明：活性污泥对腐殖酸的吸附平衡符合弗兰德利希平衡公式，吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学方程，吸附动力学常数k2与微生物量之间存在很好的线性关系；溶解氧对活性污泥吸附腐殖酸的影响很小；延长HSR-HRT、增大HSR-R、升高温度及降低HSR-DO可提高培养池腐殖酸还原能力；腐殖活性污泥培养池的最佳运行控制参数HSR-R、HSR-DO、HSR-HRT及温度分别为10%、0mg/L、24h和20℃；在最佳运行控制参数条件下，HS-A2/O系统的COD、TN、TP去除率分别稳定在91%、83%、93%左右。
腐殖活性污泥促进生物脱氮除磷的试验结果表明：腐殖活性污泥能够显著提升生物反硝化速率，迅速降低反硝化过程中的ORP，并提升反应结束时的pH值；通过增加厌氧水解VFAs生成量，提高聚磷菌内碳源合成量，可实现腐殖活性污泥对生物除磷的促进作用。HS-A2/O动力学分析表明，腐殖活性污泥提高了除缺氧池的1反硝化脱氮速率常数外，整个A2/O系统的脱氮除磷反应动力学常数。
Excess nitrogen and phosphorus discharged into natural water bodies isconsidered to be the most important reason for "eutrophication". From sustainabilityand cost-effective aspect of wastewater treatment, BNR technology is the bestoption. With increasingly stringent effluent standards of national urban sewage,many sewage treatment plants cannot meet the latest emissions requirements fornitrogen and phosphorus. The main problems that most of the sewage treatmentplants are facing in the actual operation are insufficient carbon, biological nitrogenand phosphorus removal efficiency instability and high sludge production.Therefore, research and development a BNR technology to solve these problems hasbecome particularly urgent. Humic activated sludge technique is a new biologicalwastewater treatment technology could improving activated sludge process nutrientand phosphorus removal efficiency and reduce sludge production, had substantialadvantages to solve the problems mentioned aboved.
In this study, by coupling of humic activated sludge technique and A2/Oprocess developing a humic activated sludge A2/O system(HS-A2/O). This papersystematically studied the mechanism of humic activated sludge strengthening A2/Oprocess nitrogen and phosphorus removing efficiency. By dynamics analysis ofHS-A2/O system, explored the operating mechanism of HS-A2/O system.Investigated the effects of humic activated sludge reactor operating parameters onpollutant removal efficiency of A2/O process and optimized.
Test results of HS-A2/O system treating domestic wastewater showed thathumic activated sludge can effectively enhance A2/O process10%TN removalefficiency, but COD and TP removal efficiency slightly improved. Compared sludgeproduction of HS-A2/O system and A2/O process, HS-A2/O system is lower about30%, residual sludge organic matter content of HS-A2/O system is18.5%lowerthan A2/O process, humic acid content is20.4%higher, resulting in a more stable.sludge. Compared biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal efficiency in lowC/N ratio domestic sewage treatment, HS-A2/O system TN and TP are higher about10%than A2/O process. When sludge retention time (SRT) extended to24d, HS-A2/O system showed a good performance on contaminant removal, COD, TNand TP removal efficiency maintained at about95.3%,87.0%and90.5%.
Operation parameters of humic activated sludge reactor(HSR) have asignificant effect on contaminants removal efficiency of HS-A2/O system, testresults showed that: Absorption of humic acid by activated sludge conformed toFreundlich isotherm adsorption equation, adsorption process compliespseudo-second-order kinetic equation, adsorption kinetic constants has a goodlinear relationship with microbial biomass. Dissolved oxygen has little influence onactivated sludge adsorption of humic acid. Prolonged HSR-HRT, increasing HSR-R,elevated temperatures and reduced HSR-DO could improve HSR reducing humicacid capacity. HSR optimum HSR-R, HSR-DO, HSR-HRT and temperature are10%,0mg/L,24h and20℃. HS-A2/O system COD, TN, TP removal efficiency werestable at91%,83%,93%under optimum operational parameters.
Test results of humic activated sludge promote biological nutrient removalshowed that:Humic activated sludge significantly enhance biological denitrificationrate, rapidly reduced ORP and improved pH value in the denitrification process. Byenhancing anaerobic hydrolysis generation amount of VFAs to promote PAOsinternal carbon source synthesis to realize humic activated sludge promotingbiological phosphorus removal.Kinetic analysis of HS-A2/O system showed thathumic activated sludge increased besides anoxic tank1denitrification constantsentire A2/O process kinetic constants
引文
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