利用廉价动物蛋白原料替代饲料中鱼粉对点带石斑鱼摄食、生长、食物利用和氮、磷排放的影响
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摘要
本文报道了利用廉价动物蛋白原料(鸡肉粉、羽毛粉及血粉,以下分别简称PBM、FEM及BM)替代点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus malabaricus)配合饲料中鱼粉(以下简称FM)的研究结果。研究包括两部分：(1)在不同饲料蛋白水平(CP: 530 g Kg-1和CP:490gKg-1)下利用PBM、FEM及BM组成的混合蛋白(PBM: FEM:BM=7:2:1)替代点带石斑鱼饲料中的FM；(2)在CP:490 g Kg-1饲料蛋白水平下,比较利用混合蛋白与宠物级鸡肉粉(以下简称P-PBM)替代点带石斑鱼饲料中FM。
实验设计和过程如下：
1.实验(1)中,根据2×4的实验设计,设2个饲料蛋白水平(530 g Kg-1和490 g Kg-1粗蛋白,总能含量为19MJ Kg-1),每个饲料蛋白水平下设4个FM水平：1组饲料含50%FM做对照,其余3组饲料中分别加入12.8%、25.6%和38.3%的廉价动物蛋白(PBM:FEM:BM=7:2:1)混合物替代对照组饲料中FM的30%、60%和90%。在近岸海水网箱中对初始体重为33.4 g尾-1的1龄点带石斑鱼进行10周饲养实验。实验期间,每天早上08：00、下午14：00根据实验设计按点带石斑鱼饱食的条件向实验网箱内投喂饲料。实验开始前和结束后,对实验鱼称重并取样分析全鱼组成(水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和能量)。实验结束时取样测量实验鱼条件系数和肝重指数。
2.实验(2)中,根据单因素实验设计,设6个等粗蛋白(490 g Kg-1CP)等总能(19 MJ Kg-1)的饲料。1组饲料含50%FM做对照,其余5组饲料中分别加入12.8%、25.6%、38.3%的混合蛋白(PBM:FEM:BM=7:2:1)和15.0%、30.0%的P-PBM分别替代对照组饲料中FM的30%、60%、90%和30%、60%。在近岸海水网箱中对初始体重为33.4 g尾-1的1龄点带石斑鱼进行10周饲养实验。投喂、称鱼和取样分析方法和步骤同实验(1)。
实验结果如下：
1.饲料蛋白水平和FM含量显著影响点带石斑鱼生长。在相同饲料蛋白水平下,鱼生长率随FM含量降低而下降,在相同FM含量下,摄食含530 g Kg-1粗蛋白饲料的鱼生长速度略快于摄食蛋白含量为490 g Kg-1饲料的鱼。饲料蛋白水平和FM含量对鱼摄食量、饲料系数、饲料氮沉积效率和鱼体组成影响不显著。本实验结果显示通过添加PBM、FEM和BM混合物将饲料FM含量降低到20%对点带石斑鱼生长、摄食和食物利用效率不会产生显著的负面影响,将饲料蛋白水平从490 g Kg-1粗蛋白提高到530 g Kg-1未显著降低点带石斑鱼饲料中的FM含量。
2.摄食混合蛋白组或摄食P-PBM组的鱼与对照组相比鱼体增重、摄食率、饲料系数、条件指数、肝指数和全鱼生化组成均无显著性差异。摄食混合蛋白组的鱼生长速度随着FM含量降低而下降,摄食P-PBM组的鱼生长速度呈波动下降(先略升再略降),且实验组生长速度快于相应的摄食混合蛋白组的鱼。
本论文研究结果表明：PBM、FEM和BM混合物将饲料FM含量降低到20%对点带石斑鱼生长、摄食和食物利用效率不会产生显著的负面影响,将饲料蛋白水平从490 g Kg-1粗蛋白提高到530 g Kg-1未显著降低点带石斑鱼饲料中的FM含量,但混合蛋白的效果不如P-PBM。
This paper reported the results of experiments in which three rendered animal protein ingredients, poultry by-product meal (PBM), blood meal (BM), feather meal (FEM), were used in combination or alone to replace fish meal (FM) in diet formulation of malabar grouper. This study consisted of two experiments:(1) partial replacement of fish meal (FM) by the blend (the ratio is PBM:FEM:BM=7:2:1) in diet formulations for malabar grouper at two different protein levels, (2) partial replacement of fish meal (FM) with the blend used in the experiment (1) and P-PBM.
The experimental design and process was as follows:
1. In the experiment 1, a 2 X 4 design was established. The fish were fed eight isonitrogenous but non-isocaloric diets formulated to contain 19 MJ Kg-1 GE and 530 g Kg-1 or 490 g Kg-1 CP. The two control diets contained 50% steam dried herring meal, while in the other six diets,12.8%,25.6% or 38.3% the blend was combined to replace 30%,60% or 90% of the FM. A 10-week net pen experiment was carried out with one-year-old malabar grouper (initial body weight: 33.4g fish-1). During the experiment, the fish was hand fed to satiation at 08:00 and 14:00 h daily except the days when strong waves or typhoon attacked Shenao Bay. Water temperature and salinity were measured daily. At the end of the experiment, the fish in each pen was captured and bulk weighed. Three fish was sampled from each pen for the determination of final body composition, condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI).
2. In the experiment 2, a 10-week net pen experiment was carried out with one-year old malabar grouper (initial body weight:33.4g fish-1). The control diet contained 50% steam dried herring meal, while in the other five diets,12.8%,25.6% or 38.3% the blend was combined to replace 30%,60% or 90% of the FM and 12.8% or 25.6% the T-PBM to replace 30% or 60% of the FM to compare the effect on the malabar grouper at the lower protein level. During the experiment, the fish were hand fed to satiation at 08:00 and 14:00 h daily except the days when strong waves or typhoon attacked Shenao Bay. At the end of the experiment, the fish in each pen was captured and bulk weighed. Three fish was sampled from each pen for the determination of final body composition, condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI).
The study results were as follows:
1. In the experiment 1, compared to the control of the two protein level, there were no significant differences in WG, FBW, FI, FCR, CF, HIS and chemical composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash) of whole fish body between feeds containing 12.8% to 25.6% the blend and fish fed the control (replaced 30% to 60% of the FM). Fish fed the feed containing 38.3% the blend (replaced 90% of the FM) had lower WG, FBW than that of fish fed the control feed (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between the fore feeds at the higher protein level in protienases activity, but the feeds containing 12.8% to 25.6% the blend (replaced 30% to 60% of the FM) had lower proteinases activity than the control and the feeds containing 38.3% the blend (replaced 90% of the FM).
2. In the experiment 2, no significant differences were found in FI, FBW, WG, FCR, FCR, CF, HIS and chemical composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash) of whole fish body among fish fed the five test diets with the control. There was no siginificant difference between the control with the five test diets except the feeds containing 5% FM.
On the basis of above experiments, we conclude that: the protein level can reduce to 49% CP for malabar grouper reared in net pen; fish meal in practical feeds for malabar grouper can be replaced 60% by the blend; the blend performed as good as the P-PBM at the lower protein level.
实验设计和过程如下：
1.实验(1)中,根据2×4的实验设计,设2个饲料蛋白水平(530 g Kg-1和490 g Kg-1粗蛋白,总能含量为19MJ Kg-1),每个饲料蛋白水平下设4个FM水平：1组饲料含50%FM做对照,其余3组饲料中分别加入12.8%、25.6%和38.3%的廉价动物蛋白(PBM:FEM:BM=7:2:1)混合物替代对照组饲料中FM的30%、60%和90%。在近岸海水网箱中对初始体重为33.4 g尾-1的1龄点带石斑鱼进行10周饲养实验。实验期间,每天早上08：00、下午14：00根据实验设计按点带石斑鱼饱食的条件向实验网箱内投喂饲料。实验开始前和结束后,对实验鱼称重并取样分析全鱼组成(水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和能量)。实验结束时取样测量实验鱼条件系数和肝重指数。
2.实验(2)中,根据单因素实验设计,设6个等粗蛋白(490 g Kg-1CP)等总能(19 MJ Kg-1)的饲料。1组饲料含50%FM做对照,其余5组饲料中分别加入12.8%、25.6%、38.3%的混合蛋白(PBM:FEM:BM=7:2:1)和15.0%、30.0%的P-PBM分别替代对照组饲料中FM的30%、60%、90%和30%、60%。在近岸海水网箱中对初始体重为33.4 g尾-1的1龄点带石斑鱼进行10周饲养实验。投喂、称鱼和取样分析方法和步骤同实验(1)。
实验结果如下：
1.饲料蛋白水平和FM含量显著影响点带石斑鱼生长。在相同饲料蛋白水平下,鱼生长率随FM含量降低而下降,在相同FM含量下,摄食含530 g Kg-1粗蛋白饲料的鱼生长速度略快于摄食蛋白含量为490 g Kg-1饲料的鱼。饲料蛋白水平和FM含量对鱼摄食量、饲料系数、饲料氮沉积效率和鱼体组成影响不显著。本实验结果显示通过添加PBM、FEM和BM混合物将饲料FM含量降低到20%对点带石斑鱼生长、摄食和食物利用效率不会产生显著的负面影响,将饲料蛋白水平从490 g Kg-1粗蛋白提高到530 g Kg-1未显著降低点带石斑鱼饲料中的FM含量。
2.摄食混合蛋白组或摄食P-PBM组的鱼与对照组相比鱼体增重、摄食率、饲料系数、条件指数、肝指数和全鱼生化组成均无显著性差异。摄食混合蛋白组的鱼生长速度随着FM含量降低而下降,摄食P-PBM组的鱼生长速度呈波动下降(先略升再略降),且实验组生长速度快于相应的摄食混合蛋白组的鱼。
本论文研究结果表明：PBM、FEM和BM混合物将饲料FM含量降低到20%对点带石斑鱼生长、摄食和食物利用效率不会产生显著的负面影响,将饲料蛋白水平从490 g Kg-1粗蛋白提高到530 g Kg-1未显著降低点带石斑鱼饲料中的FM含量,但混合蛋白的效果不如P-PBM。
This paper reported the results of experiments in which three rendered animal protein ingredients, poultry by-product meal (PBM), blood meal (BM), feather meal (FEM), were used in combination or alone to replace fish meal (FM) in diet formulation of malabar grouper. This study consisted of two experiments:(1) partial replacement of fish meal (FM) by the blend (the ratio is PBM:FEM:BM=7:2:1) in diet formulations for malabar grouper at two different protein levels, (2) partial replacement of fish meal (FM) with the blend used in the experiment (1) and P-PBM.
The experimental design and process was as follows:
1. In the experiment 1, a 2 X 4 design was established. The fish were fed eight isonitrogenous but non-isocaloric diets formulated to contain 19 MJ Kg-1 GE and 530 g Kg-1 or 490 g Kg-1 CP. The two control diets contained 50% steam dried herring meal, while in the other six diets,12.8%,25.6% or 38.3% the blend was combined to replace 30%,60% or 90% of the FM. A 10-week net pen experiment was carried out with one-year-old malabar grouper (initial body weight: 33.4g fish-1). During the experiment, the fish was hand fed to satiation at 08:00 and 14:00 h daily except the days when strong waves or typhoon attacked Shenao Bay. Water temperature and salinity were measured daily. At the end of the experiment, the fish in each pen was captured and bulk weighed. Three fish was sampled from each pen for the determination of final body composition, condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI).
2. In the experiment 2, a 10-week net pen experiment was carried out with one-year old malabar grouper (initial body weight:33.4g fish-1). The control diet contained 50% steam dried herring meal, while in the other five diets,12.8%,25.6% or 38.3% the blend was combined to replace 30%,60% or 90% of the FM and 12.8% or 25.6% the T-PBM to replace 30% or 60% of the FM to compare the effect on the malabar grouper at the lower protein level. During the experiment, the fish were hand fed to satiation at 08:00 and 14:00 h daily except the days when strong waves or typhoon attacked Shenao Bay. At the end of the experiment, the fish in each pen was captured and bulk weighed. Three fish was sampled from each pen for the determination of final body composition, condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI).
The study results were as follows:
1. In the experiment 1, compared to the control of the two protein level, there were no significant differences in WG, FBW, FI, FCR, CF, HIS and chemical composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash) of whole fish body between feeds containing 12.8% to 25.6% the blend and fish fed the control (replaced 30% to 60% of the FM). Fish fed the feed containing 38.3% the blend (replaced 90% of the FM) had lower WG, FBW than that of fish fed the control feed (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between the fore feeds at the higher protein level in protienases activity, but the feeds containing 12.8% to 25.6% the blend (replaced 30% to 60% of the FM) had lower proteinases activity than the control and the feeds containing 38.3% the blend (replaced 90% of the FM).
2. In the experiment 2, no significant differences were found in FI, FBW, WG, FCR, FCR, CF, HIS and chemical composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash) of whole fish body among fish fed the five test diets with the control. There was no siginificant difference between the control with the five test diets except the feeds containing 5% FM.
On the basis of above experiments, we conclude that: the protein level can reduce to 49% CP for malabar grouper reared in net pen; fish meal in practical feeds for malabar grouper can be replaced 60% by the blend; the blend performed as good as the P-PBM at the lower protein level.
引文
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