弓网离线对高速列车的影响分析
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摘要
近年来,我国已建成的高速铁路因弓网离线引发的事故时有发生,为了保障高速列车及其电气设备的安全运行,研究弓网离线对高速列车产生的影响,是当前亟需解决的问题之一。目前,已有学者针对弓网离线问题进行研究,但主要侧重于牵引网离线过电压、弓网离线电弧检测技术以及离线引起的电磁干扰问题等,尚未涉及离线对高速列车的影响研究。
本文以弓网离线对高速列车的影响为研究对象,首先对弓网受流特性以及高速受流质量的评价标准进行了概述,指出可以根据离线时间的长短来评价列车受流质量。分析了弓网离线时产生电弧的原理、特性及其危害,根据电弧的特性建立了基于能量描述的电弧仿真模型。
针对我国高速铁路常用的牵引变压器和牵引网结构,以CRH2型动车组和CRH3型动车组为研究对象,根据功率平衡关系计算出动车组中间直流回路相关技术参数,并利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件搭建了牵引供电系统和整流器采用瞬态直接电流控制策略的高速列车模型。
其次,本文结合弓网离线的过程以及离线的分类,针对受电弓离线对CRH3型动车组车载变压器进行了相关的仿真分析。结果表明弓网离线时,车载变压器铁芯中有无励磁涌流与电弧是否拉断以及变压器铁芯中剩磁大小有关。
最后,针对受电弓离线对CRH2型和CRH3型动车组牵引功率的影响进行了相关的仿真分析。结果表明,离线期间产生的电弧在不拉断情况下,电弧电阻阻值变化范围越大,列车牵引功率下降越多。
In recent year, occasional accidents has happened several times due to the contact loss in the present high-speed railway system. Therefore, to guarantee the operation of the train and its electrical equipments, research in the interaction between the contact loss and the high speed train is one of the desperate needs.Though the event that pantogragh deviates from catenary has been reported, which focuses on the over-voltage of separation between the pantogragh and the catenary, arc detection technology of the separation between the pantogragh and catenary, and electromagnetic interference caused by arcs in pantogragh-catenary system But the interaction between the high-speed train and the contact loss has never been reported.
In this paper, we aimed at the interaction between the contact loss and the high-speed train. Firstly, we summarized the characteristics and the criteria of the pantogragh and catenary current collection., and pointed out that the length of time in the contact loss can be metric in appraising the current collection quality of the high-speed train. Secondly, we analysed the causality, characteristics and consequences of the electrical arc when the pantogragh deviates from catenary. And thirdly, we built a simulation model of arc based on an energy metric.
Considering the common traction transformer and the catenary of the high-speed railway system in our country, we considered CRH2and CRH3type EMU as the object, calculated the related technichal parameters of the high-speed train intermediate DC loop based on the power balance relationship, and built a traction power supply system equivalent circuit model and the high-speed train model on the principles of transient current control.
We conducted a simulation analyses, aiming at the interaction between the contact loss and the inrush current of the transformer in CRH3type EMU, with the process of the contact loss between the pantogragh and the catenary and classification of it in account. Our result indicated that the inrush current was related to the magnitude of the residual magnetism in the iron core of transformer and whether the arc was pulled apart.
Finally, we conducted a simulation analyses, aiming at the interaction between the contact loss and the traction power of the high-speed train. Our result indicated that the tracion power decreases with the increase of the arc resistance varying range when the arc does not pull off during the contact loss.
本文以弓网离线对高速列车的影响为研究对象,首先对弓网受流特性以及高速受流质量的评价标准进行了概述,指出可以根据离线时间的长短来评价列车受流质量。分析了弓网离线时产生电弧的原理、特性及其危害,根据电弧的特性建立了基于能量描述的电弧仿真模型。
针对我国高速铁路常用的牵引变压器和牵引网结构,以CRH2型动车组和CRH3型动车组为研究对象,根据功率平衡关系计算出动车组中间直流回路相关技术参数,并利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件搭建了牵引供电系统和整流器采用瞬态直接电流控制策略的高速列车模型。
其次,本文结合弓网离线的过程以及离线的分类,针对受电弓离线对CRH3型动车组车载变压器进行了相关的仿真分析。结果表明弓网离线时,车载变压器铁芯中有无励磁涌流与电弧是否拉断以及变压器铁芯中剩磁大小有关。
最后,针对受电弓离线对CRH2型和CRH3型动车组牵引功率的影响进行了相关的仿真分析。结果表明,离线期间产生的电弧在不拉断情况下,电弧电阻阻值变化范围越大,列车牵引功率下降越多。
In recent year, occasional accidents has happened several times due to the contact loss in the present high-speed railway system. Therefore, to guarantee the operation of the train and its electrical equipments, research in the interaction between the contact loss and the high speed train is one of the desperate needs.Though the event that pantogragh deviates from catenary has been reported, which focuses on the over-voltage of separation between the pantogragh and the catenary, arc detection technology of the separation between the pantogragh and catenary, and electromagnetic interference caused by arcs in pantogragh-catenary system But the interaction between the high-speed train and the contact loss has never been reported.
In this paper, we aimed at the interaction between the contact loss and the high-speed train. Firstly, we summarized the characteristics and the criteria of the pantogragh and catenary current collection., and pointed out that the length of time in the contact loss can be metric in appraising the current collection quality of the high-speed train. Secondly, we analysed the causality, characteristics and consequences of the electrical arc when the pantogragh deviates from catenary. And thirdly, we built a simulation model of arc based on an energy metric.
Considering the common traction transformer and the catenary of the high-speed railway system in our country, we considered CRH2and CRH3type EMU as the object, calculated the related technichal parameters of the high-speed train intermediate DC loop based on the power balance relationship, and built a traction power supply system equivalent circuit model and the high-speed train model on the principles of transient current control.
We conducted a simulation analyses, aiming at the interaction between the contact loss and the inrush current of the transformer in CRH3type EMU, with the process of the contact loss between the pantogragh and the catenary and classification of it in account. Our result indicated that the inrush current was related to the magnitude of the residual magnetism in the iron core of transformer and whether the arc was pulled apart.
Finally, we conducted a simulation analyses, aiming at the interaction between the contact loss and the traction power of the high-speed train. Our result indicated that the tracion power decreases with the increase of the arc resistance varying range when the arc does not pull off during the contact loss.
引文
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[3]方鸿波.牵引网离线过电压分析[D].西南交通大学,2009.
[4]Tellini B, Macucci M, Giannetti R, et al. Line-pantograph EMI in railway systems[J]. Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, IEEE.2001,4(4):10-13.
[5]Djuric M B, Terzija V V. A new approach to the arcing faults detection for fast autoreclosure in transmission systems[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.1995,10(4):1793-1798.
[6]Midya S, Bormann D, Schutte T, et al. Pantograph Arcing in Electrified Railways-Mechanism and Influence of Various Parameters Part I:With DC Traction Power Supply[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2009,24(4):1931-1939.
[7]Midya S, Bormann D, Larsson A, et al. Understanding pantograph arcing in electrified railways-influence of various parameters[C].2008.
[8]吴积钦.弓网系统电弧的产生及其影响[J].电气化铁道.2008(2)：27-29.
[9]巨长鲸.浅析电气化铁路弓网离线危害及防范措施[J].甘肃科技.2012,28(1)：70-71,79.
[10]Schavemaker P H, VAN DER Sluis L. THE ARC MODEL BLOCKSET[Z]. Greece:2002.
[11]Barmada S, Landi A, Papi M. Wavelet multiresolution analysis for monitoring the occurrence of arcing on overhead electri(?)ed railways[J]. Rail and Rapid Transit.
[12]郭凤仪,任志玲,马同立,等.滑动电接触磨损过程变化的实验研究[J].电工技术学报.2010(10)：24-29.
[13]王万岗,梁明亮,吴广宁,等.弓网系统静态接触电阻特性研究[J].高压电器.2012,48(1)：30-34.
[14]王万岗,吴广宁,赵云云,等.弓网电弧电气特性试验研究[J].低压电器.2012(6)：5-10,27.
[15]雷栋,吴广宁,张雪原,等.高速铁路弓网电弧抑制方法的研究[J].电气化铁道.2008(5)：1-4.
[16]陈立,吴广宁,高国强,等.高速铁路弓网电接触研究综述[J].机车电传动.2011(5)：6-9,20.
[17]Yu-Jen L, Chang G W, Huang H M. Mayr's Equation-Based Model for Pantograph Arc of High-Speed Railway Traction System[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2010,25(3):2025-2027.
[18]封力民,刘浩,王黎,等.电力机车弓网离线监测系统[J].机车电传动.2005(2)：57-58,60.
[19]陈轲.电弧式弓网离线检测系统设计[D].西南交通大学,2007.
[20]叶畅.动车组弓网系统电磁骚扰研究[D].北京交通大学,2010.
[21]沈致君.弓网离线电弧电磁干扰问题的研究[D].北京交通大学,2011.
[22]王伟亮,刘文正,龚兆丰,等.弓网离线的电气特性分析[J].中国铁路.2012(4)：60-63.
[23]龚兆丰,刘文正,童达,等.弓网离线电弧放电研究[Z].长春：2010.
[24]姜东杰,王师昂.CRH3型高速动车组牵引变压器励磁涌流仿真研究[J].机车电传动.2011(1)：14-16.
[25]Silvester P, Chari M V K. Finite Element Solution of Saturable Magnetic Field Problems[J]. Power Apparatus and Systems, IEEE Transactions on.1970, PAS-89(7):1642-1651.
[26]Asghar M S J. Elimination of inrush current of transformers and distribution lines[C].1996.
[27]Brunke J H, Frohlich K J. Elimination of transformer inrush currents by controlled switching. Ⅱ. Application and performance considerations[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2001,16(2): 281-285.
[28]Brunke J H, Frohlich K J. Elimination of transformer inrush currents by controlled switching. I. Theoretical considerations[J]. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2001,16(2):276-280.
[29]Cheng C K, Liang T J, Chen J F, et al. Novel approach to reducing the inrush current of a power transformer[J]. Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings-.2004,151(3):289-295.
[30]Ling P C Y, Basak A. Investigation of magnetizing inrush current in a single-phase transformer[J]. Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on.1988,24(6):3217-3222.
[31]谢达伟,洪乃刚,傅鹏.一种变压器空载合闸励磁涌流抑制技术的研究[J].电气应用.2007,26(3)：34-38.28.
[32]陈丽,姜国涛.几种变压器励磁涌流抑制方法的性能分析[J].变压器.2010,47(6)：37-41.
[33]何越,熊元新,姜山,等.变压器空载合闸励磁涌流的仿真分析研究[J].电力学报.2010,25(1)：33-36,43.
[34]黄绍平,李永坚.基于MATLAB的变压器空载合闸瞬变过程仿真研究[J].继电器.2004,32(8)：19-21.
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