高速列车运行状态暂态过电压机理与抑制方法的研究
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摘要
高速铁路是当代高新技术的集成,以其快速、高效、环保等优点在世界各国得到了迅猛的发展。高速列车是高速铁路运输系统的核心,其电气安全性直接关系到车内人员、设备的安全。由于高铁线路桥隧比例高,车、网、桥电气耦合复杂；高速列车运行速度快,受电弓—接触网(以下简称“弓网”)电接触状态变化频繁；动车组车体接地点多,电压波折反射剧烈,使得高速列车的过电压防护面临前所未有挑战。因此从“列车——接触网变电所”(以下简称“车——网——所”)系统的角度出发,结合高速列车的运行工况,研究过电压的形成机理及其在列车系统的传播规律、抑制策略,具有重要的学术价值和工程意义。
以“车——网——所”系统为对象,综合考虑线路桥隧结构的耦合、弓网系统的电接触状态,分别建立了高速铁路牵引供电系统接触网——高架桥电磁耦合模型、弓网系统的动态离线电接触模型,研究了高速列车运行过程中的分相、离线、升降弓浪涌等暂态过电压的形成机理、影响因素和抑制策略,分析了过电压幅度的影响因素,提出了相应的抑制方法。
根据动车组实际结构,构建了高速列车系统分布参数模型,研究了过电压在车体的传播途径、及其在各节车体间通过高压电缆的折反射特性；车体接地方式、接地参数对接触电势和车体回流的影响规律；开展了现场试验。研究发现了过电压在各节车体的耦合方式、耦合途径和传播规律,给出了相应的抑制策略。在此基础上提出了适用的新型接地方法。
以接地阻抗和分流系数为核心参数,构建了综合接地系统模型,研究了高速列车牵引电流、暂态过电压在钢轨——综合接地系统中的传播特性,提出了综合地线接地阻抗、分流系数计算公式,分析了地线参数变化对综合接地系统降压、分流效果的影响,并在遂渝线上进行了现场试验。
构建了基于气流场的车顶高压设备电气模型,研究了高速列车运行时车顶绝缘子的气流场与电场分布特性,分析了车顶绝缘子表面气压分布与积污、闪络电压的关系,提出了适用于高速气流场环境的车顶高压设备绝缘配合参数。
High-speed railway, as the integration of multiple high-technology in contemporary era, has been developing at an alarming rate from all over the world for its characteristics of speediness, high efficiency and environment protection. High-speed Electric motor train unit (EMU) plays a core role in the rail transportation system which has great influence on the safety of passengers as well as the electrical equipment. It's precisely because of the large percentage of bridges and tunnels in the railway route, complex electrical coupling among vehicles, overhead contact lines and traction substations, frequent change of electrical contact state between bow and contact line at the high-speed, harsh refraction and reflection of voltage wave caused by numerous grounding point in vehicle body, there are unprecedented challenges in the overvoltage protection of high-speed trains. Therefore, there is important academic value and project significance to study the formation mechanism, propogation and restrainned method of over-voltage from the viewpoint of vehicle-catenary-substation system combined with operating conditions of high-speed train. In this paper, a simulation model of overhead contact line of high-speed railway traction power system, viaduct electromagnetic coupling and dynamic electrical contact of the bow-net system in EMU have been established taking into consideration of the coupling of the bridges and tunnel structures, contact state of the pantograph-catenary system. The formation mechanism of overvoltage of phase separation, plus with lift bow surges and other transient overvoltage influencing factors were studied as well as its suppression strategies. Influencing factors of over-voltage's amplitude were analyzed, suppressing strategies were proposed at last.
A distributed parameter mode of high-speed vehicle body was built based on actual structural parameters. The route of transmission voltage on the vehicle body and the refraction and reflection characteristics of the voltage wave in high voltage cable between every carriage were studied. The influence of body grounding type and parameters on the contact potential and body returning was analyzed, and corresponding tests were carried out to propose a new body grounding method. The coupling method, coupling approach and propogating characteristcs were analyzed. New grounding strategies were proposed based on the above analyzing results.
A comprehensive grounding system model was built based on key parameters of grounding impedance and shunt coefficient. The traction current and transient over-voltage propagation characteristics of the high-speed train in the railway rail and integrated grounding system was analyzed. The formula of comprehensive grounding impedance and the shunt coefficient were proposed. The influence on shunting current and suppressing over-voltage with the change of grounding line paramenters had been analyzed. Related experiment had been carried on SUI-YU railway.
A model to analyze the high voltage equipment on the roof of high-speed train was built. The electric field near the high voltage equipment and the flow field distribution were studied. The relationship between insulator surface pressure distribution and the contamination flashover voltage was analyzed. Finally, the insulation coordination parameters of high voltage equipment on the roof of the high-speed airflow were proposed.
以“车——网——所”系统为对象,综合考虑线路桥隧结构的耦合、弓网系统的电接触状态,分别建立了高速铁路牵引供电系统接触网——高架桥电磁耦合模型、弓网系统的动态离线电接触模型,研究了高速列车运行过程中的分相、离线、升降弓浪涌等暂态过电压的形成机理、影响因素和抑制策略,分析了过电压幅度的影响因素,提出了相应的抑制方法。
根据动车组实际结构,构建了高速列车系统分布参数模型,研究了过电压在车体的传播途径、及其在各节车体间通过高压电缆的折反射特性；车体接地方式、接地参数对接触电势和车体回流的影响规律；开展了现场试验。研究发现了过电压在各节车体的耦合方式、耦合途径和传播规律,给出了相应的抑制策略。在此基础上提出了适用的新型接地方法。
以接地阻抗和分流系数为核心参数,构建了综合接地系统模型,研究了高速列车牵引电流、暂态过电压在钢轨——综合接地系统中的传播特性,提出了综合地线接地阻抗、分流系数计算公式,分析了地线参数变化对综合接地系统降压、分流效果的影响,并在遂渝线上进行了现场试验。
构建了基于气流场的车顶高压设备电气模型,研究了高速列车运行时车顶绝缘子的气流场与电场分布特性,分析了车顶绝缘子表面气压分布与积污、闪络电压的关系,提出了适用于高速气流场环境的车顶高压设备绝缘配合参数。
High-speed railway, as the integration of multiple high-technology in contemporary era, has been developing at an alarming rate from all over the world for its characteristics of speediness, high efficiency and environment protection. High-speed Electric motor train unit (EMU) plays a core role in the rail transportation system which has great influence on the safety of passengers as well as the electrical equipment. It's precisely because of the large percentage of bridges and tunnels in the railway route, complex electrical coupling among vehicles, overhead contact lines and traction substations, frequent change of electrical contact state between bow and contact line at the high-speed, harsh refraction and reflection of voltage wave caused by numerous grounding point in vehicle body, there are unprecedented challenges in the overvoltage protection of high-speed trains. Therefore, there is important academic value and project significance to study the formation mechanism, propogation and restrainned method of over-voltage from the viewpoint of vehicle-catenary-substation system combined with operating conditions of high-speed train. In this paper, a simulation model of overhead contact line of high-speed railway traction power system, viaduct electromagnetic coupling and dynamic electrical contact of the bow-net system in EMU have been established taking into consideration of the coupling of the bridges and tunnel structures, contact state of the pantograph-catenary system. The formation mechanism of overvoltage of phase separation, plus with lift bow surges and other transient overvoltage influencing factors were studied as well as its suppression strategies. Influencing factors of over-voltage's amplitude were analyzed, suppressing strategies were proposed at last.
A distributed parameter mode of high-speed vehicle body was built based on actual structural parameters. The route of transmission voltage on the vehicle body and the refraction and reflection characteristics of the voltage wave in high voltage cable between every carriage were studied. The influence of body grounding type and parameters on the contact potential and body returning was analyzed, and corresponding tests were carried out to propose a new body grounding method. The coupling method, coupling approach and propogating characteristcs were analyzed. New grounding strategies were proposed based on the above analyzing results.
A comprehensive grounding system model was built based on key parameters of grounding impedance and shunt coefficient. The traction current and transient over-voltage propagation characteristics of the high-speed train in the railway rail and integrated grounding system was analyzed. The formula of comprehensive grounding impedance and the shunt coefficient were proposed. The influence on shunting current and suppressing over-voltage with the change of grounding line paramenters had been analyzed. Related experiment had been carried on SUI-YU railway.
A model to analyze the high voltage equipment on the roof of high-speed train was built. The electric field near the high voltage equipment and the flow field distribution were studied. The relationship between insulator surface pressure distribution and the contamination flashover voltage was analyzed. Finally, the insulation coordination parameters of high voltage equipment on the roof of the high-speed airflow were proposed.
引文
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