蛇根木阿吗灵生物合成途径中三个重要酶的表达，纯化，结晶，三维结构表征及催化机理研究
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摘要
蛇根木(Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz)为夹竹桃科萝芙木属药用植物,富含生物碱类化合物,其主要活性成分为阿吗灵、阿吗碱和利血平,有降血压、抗心律失常、退热、抗癫、治虫蛇咬伤等功效。对其次生代谢产物生物合成途径的研究是进一步开发利用该药用植物、调控生物代谢方向、体外异源表达活性成分的基础。本论文对参与蛇根木生物碱阿吗灵生物合成途径的聚精液素醛酯酶(PNAE) Vinorine合成酶(VS)和异胡豆苷合成酶(STR1)进行了一系列的研究,主要包括酶的表达、纯化、结晶、三维结构表征及催化机理研究。
为进一步深入研究PNAE酶的三维结构,活性位点构造及催化机理,本论文对PNAE酶的突变体及突变体与底物的复合物进行了结晶条件的摸索,采用气相扩散悬滴法进行结晶,底物浸泡法获取PNAE突变体与产物的复合物,对所搜集衍射数据进行分析处理,获得了酶与产物的三维结构,阐明了该酶与底物的结合位点及其催化机理,为合理进行结构改造提供了结构基础。
VS酶的三维结构已经阐明,但其活性位点及催化机理尚不确定,因此对VS酶与底物或辅因子复合物三维结构的解析显得尤为重要。本论文尝试了各种获得复合物的方法,并搜集了衍射数据,经初步处理并未发现配体出现在酶分子中。
由于STR1高效表达过程中产生大量的包涵体,获得的可溶性蛋白量很低,为进一步利用该酶带来了很大的不便。本论文对原有表达系统进行了改进并构建了新的表达系统,对不同的表达系统进行了表达量筛选及活性比较,确定改进的表达系统的表达量为原有表达系统表达量的两倍,活性不变,该改进的表达系统可用于大量表达可溶性STR1,用于生物碱化合物库构建。
Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae) is used as medicinal plant for thousands of years, including the treatment of hypertension, antiarrhythmia, fevers, insanity and snake bites. The major constituents are ajmaline, ajmalicine and reserpine. Elucidation of ajmaline biosynthetic pathway allows a better understanding and utilizing of Rauvolfia, steering the pathway into the direction of a desired product by blocking specific enzymes with inhibitors or knocking out the corresponding cDNA, and reconstructing the artificial biosynthetic pathway in efficient prokaryotic systems. This thesis is carried out for the detailed investigation of three Rauvofia enzymes Polyneuridine Aldehyde Esterase (PNAE), Vinorine Synthase (VS) and Strictosidine Synthase (STR1), including the expression, purification, crystallization,3D-structure elucidation and mechanism study of these three enzymes.
In order to clarify the 3D-structure, active center and mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by PNAE, we try to make crystallization of PNAE knock-out mutant, and PNAE knock-out mutant-substrate complexes. Using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique to produce crystals, and with soaking method, we got PNAE-product complex, based on PNAE 3D-structure, product binding site of PNAE, we are able to clarify its catalytic mechanism, and structure-based design of PNAE is possible now.
3D-structure of VS was already known, but the active center and mechanism of VS still needs to be clarified, it's very important to get the complex of VS. We try to make cocrystallization and soaking, process the X-ray data, unfortunately can not get complex so far.
Since there was a major part of inclusion bodies formed during STR1 cDNA expression, it's a big problem for large scale using. In this thesis, we build new expression systems, compared the expression amount and activity between those new expression systems. Finally we chose one system whose expression amount is two times as the old one with the same activity. And this expression system can be used for large scale expression and for alkaloids library building.
为进一步深入研究PNAE酶的三维结构,活性位点构造及催化机理,本论文对PNAE酶的突变体及突变体与底物的复合物进行了结晶条件的摸索,采用气相扩散悬滴法进行结晶,底物浸泡法获取PNAE突变体与产物的复合物,对所搜集衍射数据进行分析处理,获得了酶与产物的三维结构,阐明了该酶与底物的结合位点及其催化机理,为合理进行结构改造提供了结构基础。
VS酶的三维结构已经阐明,但其活性位点及催化机理尚不确定,因此对VS酶与底物或辅因子复合物三维结构的解析显得尤为重要。本论文尝试了各种获得复合物的方法,并搜集了衍射数据,经初步处理并未发现配体出现在酶分子中。
由于STR1高效表达过程中产生大量的包涵体,获得的可溶性蛋白量很低,为进一步利用该酶带来了很大的不便。本论文对原有表达系统进行了改进并构建了新的表达系统,对不同的表达系统进行了表达量筛选及活性比较,确定改进的表达系统的表达量为原有表达系统表达量的两倍,活性不变,该改进的表达系统可用于大量表达可溶性STR1,用于生物碱化合物库构建。
Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae) is used as medicinal plant for thousands of years, including the treatment of hypertension, antiarrhythmia, fevers, insanity and snake bites. The major constituents are ajmaline, ajmalicine and reserpine. Elucidation of ajmaline biosynthetic pathway allows a better understanding and utilizing of Rauvolfia, steering the pathway into the direction of a desired product by blocking specific enzymes with inhibitors or knocking out the corresponding cDNA, and reconstructing the artificial biosynthetic pathway in efficient prokaryotic systems. This thesis is carried out for the detailed investigation of three Rauvofia enzymes Polyneuridine Aldehyde Esterase (PNAE), Vinorine Synthase (VS) and Strictosidine Synthase (STR1), including the expression, purification, crystallization,3D-structure elucidation and mechanism study of these three enzymes.
In order to clarify the 3D-structure, active center and mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by PNAE, we try to make crystallization of PNAE knock-out mutant, and PNAE knock-out mutant-substrate complexes. Using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique to produce crystals, and with soaking method, we got PNAE-product complex, based on PNAE 3D-structure, product binding site of PNAE, we are able to clarify its catalytic mechanism, and structure-based design of PNAE is possible now.
3D-structure of VS was already known, but the active center and mechanism of VS still needs to be clarified, it's very important to get the complex of VS. We try to make cocrystallization and soaking, process the X-ray data, unfortunately can not get complex so far.
Since there was a major part of inclusion bodies formed during STR1 cDNA expression, it's a big problem for large scale using. In this thesis, we build new expression systems, compared the expression amount and activity between those new expression systems. Finally we chose one system whose expression amount is two times as the old one with the same activity. And this expression system can be used for large scale expression and for alkaloids library building.
引文
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