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马尾松毛虫蛋白饲料开发基础研究
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  • 英文题名:Elementary Study on the Exploitation of Protein Feed with Dendrolimus punctatus Walker
  • 作者:刘高强
  • 论文级别:硕士
  • 学科专业名称:森林保护学
  • 学位年度:2001
  • 导师:魏美才
  • 学科代码:090703
  • 学位授予单位:中南林学院
  • 论文提交日期:2001-06-01
摘要
松毛虫(Dendrolimus spp.)是我国最严重的森林害虫,国内对其综合防治
    进行了长期的研究。本文从资源学的角度,视其为一种有益资源,首次对马尾松
    毛虫(Dendrolimus punctatus Walker)的营养学价值进行了评价,并进行了毒
    素和蛋白质资源的开发基础研究。
     各虫态的营养素分析结果表明:马尾松毛虫各虫态均含有丰富的蛋白质,其
    中成虫的粗蛋白含量最高,为72.07%,蛹次之,为67.17%;幼虫的粗蛋白含量
    相对成虫和蛹较低,其中高龄幼虫为50.01%,低龄幼虫为48.23%;幼虫中测出
    15种氨基酸(色氨酸未测),含量为46.00%;脂类和糖类含量幼虫较蛹和成虫高,
    其中高龄幼虫为25.02%和8.51%,蛹为15.05%和3.64%,成虫为9.20%和3.21%;
    矿质元素中,Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn和Cu在马尾松毛虫虫体中含量很高,其
    中Na、Zn、Mn、Mg和Cu的含量较几种常见的食用昆虫的含量高。
     幼虫毒素的提取结果表明:对皮肤产生作用的毒素活性成分的极性较大,较
    易溶于80%-90%乙醇,可溶于正丁醇,较难溶于蒸馏水和正己烷;急性毒性试验
    结果表明,毒素乙醇粗提物毒性较小,其LD_(50)在1,160mg/kg以上;家兔皮肤刺激
    试验表明,毒素活性成分中含毒素蛋白的可能性较小;热稳定性试验表明,活性
    成分经常压105℃热处理不稳定。
     不同溶剂提取幼虫蛋白质结果表明:缓冲液的提取效率最高,为60.36±
    1.25%,稀碱液次之,为50.27±2.00%,稀盐液的提取效率最低,为37.53±0.50%。
    实验确定的最佳提取条件为:缓冲液为Na_2HPO_(4-) NaOH缓冲液(0.05mol/L的
    Na_2HPO_4,0.1mol/L的Na0H),原料粗细度为40目虫粉,料液比为1∶20(w/v),
    抽提pH为9.5,抽提时间为3h,抽提温度为40℃;沉淀pH为5.5,沉淀温度为
    5℃,沉淀时间为1小时。所得蛋白产品的粗蛋白含量为对71.12±0.16%,总氮提
    取率为60.36±1.25%。
Dendrolimus spp. is one of the most serious forestry insect pests in China. That
     how to manage it effectively, up to now, is still a task for us to do though the research on
     it has been undertaken for many years. In this paper, the pest is taken as a kind of
     resource to us, and the value of its nutrition, the exploitation of the protein and the toxin
     in its body are studied.
     The results of nutrition assay show that there are plenty of proteins in the body of
     adult, larva and pupa of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker. Among them, the content in
     adult is the highest, it is 72.07%, and the content in larva, 67.17%, is higher than in
     pupa that is 50.0 1%. There are fifteen kinds of amino acid in the body of Dendrolimus
     punctatus Walker (Tyr. is not analysed), and the content is 46.00 %. The content of the
     fat and carbohydrate in pupa is the highest of all, the fat content is 25.02% while the
     carbohydrate content is 8.51%. The fat content and carbohydrate content in larva is
     15.05% and 3.64%, and they are 9.20% and 3.21% in adult. there are also ample
     minerals in the body of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker, especially sodium (Na),
     calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and cuprum
     (Cu). The contents of sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg) and
     cuprum (Cu) are higher than those in the body of other common edible insects.
    
     The experiment results of toxin in the body of c show that the active components
     of the toxin could be melted, easily in alcohol, generally in n-butanol and less in
     distilled water and n-hexane. The result of the acute toxicity test shows that the
     toxicity of the alcohol extraction is not high because its LD50 is more than 1,160mg/kg.
     The result of rabbit skin experiment shows that it is less possible that there are any
     proteins in the toxin, and the active components of the toxin is not steady to the heat
     produced by the treatment of 105 C.
    
     The proteins in the body of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker are extracted by three
     different solvents, buffer solution, weak salt solution and weak alkaline solution. The
     results show that the extraction efficiency of buffer solution, 60.361.25%, is the
     highest of all while the extraction efficiency of weak alkaline solution is 50.27
     2.00% and it of weak salt solution is 37.53 0.50%. The best conditions of extraction
     tested by the experiments are as follows: The buffer solution is Na2HPO4-
     NaOH(0.OSmol/L Na2HPO4, 0. lmol/L NaOH), raw materials should be powder,
    
    
    materials to solution is l to 20(w/v), the pH of extraction is 9.5, the time of extraction
    is 3h and the temperatUre is 40' C. The pH of subsidence is 5.5, the temperature of it is
    5' C and the time is lh. With these conditions, some proteins are extracted. The protein
    content in them is 7l. l2 l0. l6%, and the total extraction rate of nitrogen is 60.36 t
    l .25%.
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