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老鹰茶虫酿茶品质分析及调节血脂功能的研究
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摘要
虫酿茶有别于以植物叶片为原料直接加工的茶及代用茶,它是昆虫幼虫
    食用腐熟树叶后的排泄物,经加工后作茶泡饮,是可食用的资源昆虫产物。
    本研究以用宜宾老鹰茶叶为原料生产的虫酿茶为对象,详细考察了产虫酿茶
    昆虫的特征、老鹰茶虫酿茶的生产程序,对其感官品质特征、主要化学成
    分、急性毒性及对高脂饮食小鼠血脂的影响进行了分析和研究,旨在为老鹰
    茶虫酿茶的食用安全性、营养保健作用及其综合开发利用提供理论依据。
     经鉴定,产老鹰茶虫酿茶的昆虫系动物界节肢动物门昆虫纲鳞翅目螟蛾
    科缟螟属的米缟螟,在宜宾虫酿茶产区一年发生2个世代,成虫为中小型蛾
    类,以幼虫取食腐熟的老鹰茶树叶来生产虫酿茶。老鹰茶虫酿茶在宜宾周边
    山区各县都有生产,称作虫茶、茶沙,金沙江流域海拔800~1200米一带(屏
    山、马边、沐川)品质尤其好。但因认识不足、宣传不够,生产日益萎缩,随
    着相关研究的加强,近年有所回升。
     采用通用型茶叶感官审评方法评价:老鹰茶虫酿茶茶粒黑褐色,略呈长
    圆柱形。干茶带陈霉味,香味极淡。泡茶用量很小,仅为常规茶叶的1/5左
    右,泡3~5分钟即可饮用。茶汤色泽深红明亮、纯净透明,与红茶相似,滋
    味和香气近似于老鹰茶,滋味更加醇和,香气则不如老鹰茶浓烈。茶渣甚
    少,呈黑褐色或黄白色颗粒状。民间长期饮用证明对人体有多种保健作用。
     经分析,老鹰茶虫酿茶含水浸出物39.90%、游离氨基酸0.3327%、多酚
    13.75%,远高于老鹰茶叶,水浸出物和多酚含量与三叶虫酿茶基本相当;而
    含水溶性碳水化合物4.478%、粗脂肪2.831%,低于老鹰茶叶。除水浸出物
    和水溶性碳水化合物含量与常规茶叶相当或稍高,所测其它成分均低于常规
    茶叶。颜色、泡沫、沉淀等特征反应表明,老鹰茶虫酿茶含有黄酮类化合
    物、甾体皂甙和生物碱,具体物质和含量有待进一步分析。
    
    
     ttk:BBthel#Nk4M4ytegytgedZ
     昆明种健康小鼠(子主各半X 采用霍恩氏法设计老鹰茶虫酿茶受试液剂
     量,分组灌胃,7无后小鼠全数存活。各剂量灌胃组和正常对照组(灌等体积
     生理盐水讨比,外形、饮食、体重等各方面都无明显差异。推断半数致死量
     LD50>10g/Kg,根据卫生部颁发的《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和检验方
     法》中急性毒性分级标准,所测老鹰茶虫酿茶样品至少属实际无毒级,可进
     入下一个阶段的毒理试验,以进一步证明其安全可食性。
     昆明种健康小鼠(全为占),分组饲喂:正常对照组、高脂对照组和老鹰
     茶虫酿茶汤高中低三个浓度处理组(同时给以高脂饲料卜记录各组小鼠饲料
     消耗量、饮水量及体重增长量。30天后摘除眼球取血,分离血清,以酶联比
     色法测定血清中 TC、TG和 HDL-C含量,计算 LDL-C和 AI。结果表明,5
     种浓度虫酿茶汤饮用组的小鼠血淆TC、TG、LDL-C的含量和AI值均低于高
     脂对照组,而HDLC含量明显高于高脂对照组,尤其是TG差异达到极显著
     水平呼 t 0刀 1);中浓度门.4~0.sg几)茶汤饮用组各指标均达到显著水
     平,表明对小鼠血脂升高的预防效果最好;茶汤饮用各组食量、饮水量均低
     于丁常对照组和高脂对照组,中、高浓度茶汤饮用组体重还明显低于正常对
     照组,但生长良好。试验表明老鹰茶虫酿茶对高脂饮食小鼠的血脂升高有一
     定的预防作用,故可作为人们预防高血脂及相关疾病的保健饮品。
Insect-fermented Tea is different from tea and tea substitute that directly processed by plant leaves. It is from faces of special larva in insecta produced in stale leaves, and becomes a kind of drink after crude processing. It is a type of edible product from resource insect.
     The studies targeted Insect-fermented Tea produced by raw material plant, Laoying tea leaves in Yibin. An on-the-spot investigation was made about the feature of insect producing Insect-fermented Tea and the producing procedure of Insect-fermented Tea. It was analyzed and researched about its character of sensory quality, principal chemical components, acute toxicity test on safety and effect on blood lipids of mice feeding high lipid diet. All of the studies aimed at providing theoretical basis for the safety, nutrition and functions of Insect-fermented Tea as drinking and may be helpful to its comprehensive utilization. The results indicated:
     The insect producing Insect-fermented Tea was Aglossa dimidiata Haworth that had two generations in Yibin.The Insect-fermented Tea was produced in mountain areas around Yibin town. The quality of the Insect-fermented Tea in JinSha River Basin was best, such as Pingshan, Mabian and Muchuan. But the product was decreasing because of insufficient understanding and propaganda.
     The Insect-fermented Tea was evaluated according to General Sensory Assessment Method for Tea. The pellet was long and cylindric with brownish black. The water solution with little dregs was deeply red and bright, pure and transparent, similar to black tea. It smelled refined and tasted palateful and sweet, similar to Laoying tea. It was proved among the people drinking for a long time to have many functions on bodies.
     The content of the water extracts of the Insect-fermented Tea was 39.90%, free amino acid 0.3327% and polyphenol 13.75%, which far exceeded that of Laoying tea and were similar to Sanye Insect-fermented Tea. While water-soluble
    
    
    
    carbohydrate was 4.478% and crude fat 2.831%, both lower than those of Laoying tea. The contents were all lower than those of the components in tea except for water extracts and water-soluble carbohydrate. The outcome of reactions about color, foam and precipitation showed that there were flavonoid compounds, steroid saponin and alkaloid in Insect-fermented Tea, but specific components and their contents need to be analyzed further.
     The water solution of Insect-fermented Tea with five kinds of dosage according to Horns?method was poured to healthy Kunming mice with half female and half male. After 7 days, all of them survived. Their appearance, diet, weight and others of experimental groups had no distinct differences from control group. So LD50 > I Og/Kg could be concluded. On the basis of Procedures for Toxicological Assessment on Food Safety and Testing Methods issued by Sanitary Ministary, the samples were considered at the least as actually non-toxic. It need be further tested on its safety.
     Healthy Kunming mice with all males were divided into five groups: control blank group, experimental blank group which given distilled water and three groups given water solution of Insect-fermented Tea with different concentrations. The mice in later four groups were fed high-fat diet. The expenditure of feed, volumes of drinking and body weights of mice were put down. After 30 days, blood was obtained by excising eyeballs of mice. The contents of TC, TG and HDL-C in serum separated from blood were tested with colorimetric test for enzymatic determination. And the values of LDL-C, Al were calculated. It was made out from the data that the expenditure of feed and volumes of drinking of mice in groups given water solution of Insect-fermented Tea were lower than those of mice in control blank group and experimental blank group. The body weights of mice in the groups given water solution with high and medium concentrations distinctly were lower than control blank group. The values about TC, TG and LDLC and Al of the three groups given water solution of Insect-fermented Tea were all
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