政府管制下我国医药商业供应链合作机制研究
|
摘要
我国自上世纪90年代末以来实施的医疗体制改革，一直没能解决好医疗费用高居不下、药品价格虚高以及药品流通效率低下等很多问题，这些情况也一直是学界关注的对象。研究表明，在我国药品价格的结构中，除了制度性赋予的顺次加价因素外，医药品分销渠道运行效率偏低所导致的高流通成本在药价中占据了较大比例。通过调整和改善医药商业供应链分销系统中的企业合作关系，能够在一定程度上降低渠道流通成本，进而为实现抑制药价增长过快和提高社会福利的宏观目标贡献力量；同时也对改善医药行业及企业自身的流通能力、具有一定的理论和现实意义。
相对一般行业，我国医药商业供应链最显著的特点是受政府持续和多方面地管制。本文在考察我国医药商业供应链中的企业合作行为时，将政府管制及制度变迁作为外部的重要因素加以考察，运用制度变迁理论、政府管制理论、供应链合作理论等加以分析，并对经济变革过程中的管制政策、医药商业供应链合作关系的演变过程、政策变化对合作关系的影响以及在不同的商业供应链合作模式下的利润分享等进行理论研究与实证分析。其主要研究内容及创新性成果体现在以下三个方面：
①对医药供应链合作关系发展研究，现有文献更多地从一般供应链合作发展角度分析，本文通过管制等理论分析与实证检验，提出医药商业供应链的合作关系及演变发展是政府管制和市场双重作用的结果，但政府管制对合作关系的形成和影响具有更强的约束和引导性作用的观点。论文从理论研究和调查问卷着手，具体考察我国的经济体制的基本模式、改革及相应的制度变迁，对我国医药商业供应链合作的经济环境变迁、合作模式演进以及管制的影响等进行了具体分析，深入研究了不同时期医药行业的管制政策及其演变过程，并通过数据和实证分析，总结出我国医药商业供应链的企业合作关系和合作趋势演变主要受政府管制影响的规律。
②对医药供应链参股合作利润分配问题，现有文献一般从利润分配系数等方面进行分析，本文讨论了政府对药品交易成本及两级价格等的管制对利润分配的影响，提出了医药商业供应链企业参股合作必定会形成价格同谋，采取合作管制方式能对其有显著抑制作用的观点。论文以1个医药生产企业和1个销售商组成的二级、双边供应链参股合作系统建立实证框架，通过建立三阶段讨价还价模型，研究不同合作主导方条件下的利润分配形式和比例，并对影响利润分配的各因素进行了详细分析。着重论证了政府对合作成本、药品交易价格以及终端销售价格进行管制条件下的利润分配及影响策略因素，从而进一步验证了对于价格需求弹性很小的药品，政府对参股合作中药品的零售价、出厂价以及批发价等价格增量幅度主要环节实行价格管制的理论依据和现实合理性。
③对医药供应链协议合作利润分配，现有文献主要从供应链分配机制等方面分析，本文以1个医药生产企业和2个医药销售商组成的供应链二级分销网状协议合作建立实证框架，考察了政府管制对医药商业供应链企业协议合作方式和利润分配结果的影响。证实了在医药流通政策的约束和影响下，药品销售商由生产企业的批发（分销）商转为物流合作商的趋势，其合作方式、利润来源和分配都也随之变化。在药品定价、物流费率和药品销售量不变的市场环境下，药品生产商和物流供应商的利润都会显著降低。提出虽可通过降低生产和流通成本、减少物流费用及扩大销量等途径增加合作利润，而供应链合作是实现社会和企业双赢目标的有效途径的理论新观点，并据此证明了管制在宏观引导方面的有效性。
High hospitalization costs and drug prices, quality and safety of drugs, and the lowefficiency of medicine distributions have been hot spot issues since the reform of theMedicare system at the end of1990s’. The main problems include the expensivemedical treatment and speedy increasing of drug prices. Current researches show thatbesides institutional factors, high distribution costs resulted from poor operationefficiencies of medicine distribution channels play an important role in high drug prices.The improvement of cooperation relationship of firms in medicine business supplychain can decrease operational costs and deduce rises in drug prices, and enhance civilmedical benefits. Therefore, this research is meaningful theoretically and practically.
Compared with ordinary consumer goods, Chinese medicine business supply chainis featured as being controlled by the government continually and strictly. Therefore,considering the firm cooperation in Chinese medicine supply chain, the governmentalregulations and its institutional changes ought to be brought in as an important externalinfluential factor. With Institutional Change Theory, Government Regulation Theoryand Supply Chain Cooperation Theory, this research theoretically and empiricallystudied the medicine regulation policies in different periods; the historical changes ofthe cooperation in Chinese medicine business supply chain; the influence of policychanges on the cooperation relationship; and the benefit sharing models in variousmodels of cooperation in Chinese medicine business supply chain. The main work andinnovations of this paper are as the following.
The distribution cooperation relationship in medicine business supply chain and itschanges resulted from government regulations and market development. Andgovernment regulations heavily guide and restrict the formation and development ofdistribution cooperation. From the aspect of Institutional Change Theory andGovernment Regulation Theory, this research analyzed the institutional changes andthe development of cooperation models of distribution cooperation relationship inChinese medicine supply chain; and the influence of government regulation policies onthe cooperation models. Then with the analysis of medicine regulation policies indifferent periods, this study summarized that the corporation relationship in Chinesemedicine business supply chain changed with the changes of policies. And thisconclusion was examined by an empirical study.
This study proved that in the model of share cooperation of medicine businesssupply chain, two parties of cooperation tend to be price conspirators and jointly make ahigh medicine price, but the government regulation policies can significantly curtail theprice conspiracy. With a two-side supply chain consisting of1manufacture firm and1sales firm as the example, a three-stage bargaining model was constructed to discuss theprofit allocation and various influences. The influence of government regulationpolicies of cooperation costs, medicine exchange prices and the final sale prices wereanalyzed. And the model proved that, aimed at the medicine with small elasticity ofdemand, it is reasonable and effective for the government to have price control atdifferent stages such as retail prices, the factory prices and wholesale prices.
It is proved that the government regulation policies can change the cooperationmodels in Chinese medicine supply chain, can limit the extraordinary profits inmedicine distributions, and can urge firms to improve their distribution and logisticsmanagement. A two-stage supply chain consisting of1manufacture firm and2salesfirms was exampled to analyze the influence of government regulations on thecooperation models and their profit allocations. With the constraints of medicinecirculation policies, medicine sales changed from the wholesales/distributors to logisticcooperators of medicine manufactures; and the cooperation models, profit allocationschanged as well. With given fixed prices, logistic costs and sales volumes, the profits ofmanufactures and logistic suppliers significantly decreased. Therefore, in order toimprove profits for manufactures and logistic suppliers, they need to decrease the costsin manufacturing and distributions, adjust logistic charge ratio and enhance salesvolumes. In such a way, the objective of macroscopic readjustment and control ofmedicine policies can be realized to a certain extent.
相对一般行业，我国医药商业供应链最显著的特点是受政府持续和多方面地管制。本文在考察我国医药商业供应链中的企业合作行为时，将政府管制及制度变迁作为外部的重要因素加以考察，运用制度变迁理论、政府管制理论、供应链合作理论等加以分析，并对经济变革过程中的管制政策、医药商业供应链合作关系的演变过程、政策变化对合作关系的影响以及在不同的商业供应链合作模式下的利润分享等进行理论研究与实证分析。其主要研究内容及创新性成果体现在以下三个方面：
①对医药供应链合作关系发展研究，现有文献更多地从一般供应链合作发展角度分析，本文通过管制等理论分析与实证检验，提出医药商业供应链的合作关系及演变发展是政府管制和市场双重作用的结果，但政府管制对合作关系的形成和影响具有更强的约束和引导性作用的观点。论文从理论研究和调查问卷着手，具体考察我国的经济体制的基本模式、改革及相应的制度变迁，对我国医药商业供应链合作的经济环境变迁、合作模式演进以及管制的影响等进行了具体分析，深入研究了不同时期医药行业的管制政策及其演变过程，并通过数据和实证分析，总结出我国医药商业供应链的企业合作关系和合作趋势演变主要受政府管制影响的规律。
②对医药供应链参股合作利润分配问题，现有文献一般从利润分配系数等方面进行分析，本文讨论了政府对药品交易成本及两级价格等的管制对利润分配的影响，提出了医药商业供应链企业参股合作必定会形成价格同谋，采取合作管制方式能对其有显著抑制作用的观点。论文以1个医药生产企业和1个销售商组成的二级、双边供应链参股合作系统建立实证框架，通过建立三阶段讨价还价模型，研究不同合作主导方条件下的利润分配形式和比例，并对影响利润分配的各因素进行了详细分析。着重论证了政府对合作成本、药品交易价格以及终端销售价格进行管制条件下的利润分配及影响策略因素，从而进一步验证了对于价格需求弹性很小的药品，政府对参股合作中药品的零售价、出厂价以及批发价等价格增量幅度主要环节实行价格管制的理论依据和现实合理性。
③对医药供应链协议合作利润分配，现有文献主要从供应链分配机制等方面分析，本文以1个医药生产企业和2个医药销售商组成的供应链二级分销网状协议合作建立实证框架，考察了政府管制对医药商业供应链企业协议合作方式和利润分配结果的影响。证实了在医药流通政策的约束和影响下，药品销售商由生产企业的批发（分销）商转为物流合作商的趋势，其合作方式、利润来源和分配都也随之变化。在药品定价、物流费率和药品销售量不变的市场环境下，药品生产商和物流供应商的利润都会显著降低。提出虽可通过降低生产和流通成本、减少物流费用及扩大销量等途径增加合作利润，而供应链合作是实现社会和企业双赢目标的有效途径的理论新观点，并据此证明了管制在宏观引导方面的有效性。
High hospitalization costs and drug prices, quality and safety of drugs, and the lowefficiency of medicine distributions have been hot spot issues since the reform of theMedicare system at the end of1990s’. The main problems include the expensivemedical treatment and speedy increasing of drug prices. Current researches show thatbesides institutional factors, high distribution costs resulted from poor operationefficiencies of medicine distribution channels play an important role in high drug prices.The improvement of cooperation relationship of firms in medicine business supplychain can decrease operational costs and deduce rises in drug prices, and enhance civilmedical benefits. Therefore, this research is meaningful theoretically and practically.
Compared with ordinary consumer goods, Chinese medicine business supply chainis featured as being controlled by the government continually and strictly. Therefore,considering the firm cooperation in Chinese medicine supply chain, the governmentalregulations and its institutional changes ought to be brought in as an important externalinfluential factor. With Institutional Change Theory, Government Regulation Theoryand Supply Chain Cooperation Theory, this research theoretically and empiricallystudied the medicine regulation policies in different periods; the historical changes ofthe cooperation in Chinese medicine business supply chain; the influence of policychanges on the cooperation relationship; and the benefit sharing models in variousmodels of cooperation in Chinese medicine business supply chain. The main work andinnovations of this paper are as the following.
The distribution cooperation relationship in medicine business supply chain and itschanges resulted from government regulations and market development. Andgovernment regulations heavily guide and restrict the formation and development ofdistribution cooperation. From the aspect of Institutional Change Theory andGovernment Regulation Theory, this research analyzed the institutional changes andthe development of cooperation models of distribution cooperation relationship inChinese medicine supply chain; and the influence of government regulation policies onthe cooperation models. Then with the analysis of medicine regulation policies indifferent periods, this study summarized that the corporation relationship in Chinesemedicine business supply chain changed with the changes of policies. And thisconclusion was examined by an empirical study.
This study proved that in the model of share cooperation of medicine businesssupply chain, two parties of cooperation tend to be price conspirators and jointly make ahigh medicine price, but the government regulation policies can significantly curtail theprice conspiracy. With a two-side supply chain consisting of1manufacture firm and1sales firm as the example, a three-stage bargaining model was constructed to discuss theprofit allocation and various influences. The influence of government regulationpolicies of cooperation costs, medicine exchange prices and the final sale prices wereanalyzed. And the model proved that, aimed at the medicine with small elasticity ofdemand, it is reasonable and effective for the government to have price control atdifferent stages such as retail prices, the factory prices and wholesale prices.
It is proved that the government regulation policies can change the cooperationmodels in Chinese medicine supply chain, can limit the extraordinary profits inmedicine distributions, and can urge firms to improve their distribution and logisticsmanagement. A two-stage supply chain consisting of1manufacture firm and2salesfirms was exampled to analyze the influence of government regulations on thecooperation models and their profit allocations. With the constraints of medicinecirculation policies, medicine sales changed from the wholesales/distributors to logisticcooperators of medicine manufactures; and the cooperation models, profit allocationschanged as well. With given fixed prices, logistic costs and sales volumes, the profits ofmanufactures and logistic suppliers significantly decreased. Therefore, in order toimprove profits for manufactures and logistic suppliers, they need to decrease the costsin manufacturing and distributions, adjust logistic charge ratio and enhance salesvolumes. In such a way, the objective of macroscopic readjustment and control ofmedicine policies can be realized to a certain extent.
引文
白昀.2004.论供应链管理环境下的医药物流[J].物流科技,(6):18-20.
包建华,方世建.2002.煤电冶企业战略联盟及其利益分配的博弈分析[J].运筹与管理,11(5)：24-29.
曹庆奎,杜恒,赵斐.2011.基于Shapley值法和信息熵的再制造闭环供应链利润分配研究[J].河北工程大学学报:社会科学版,(1)：1-3
曹阳.2003.医药企业物流供应链的构建[J].中国物流与采购,(23):54-55.
常珊.2009.供应链中企业合作的风险管理[J].物流科技,(11):54-56.
陈功玉,闵晓平.2006.研究与开发投入的博弈分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,(5):107-110.
陈国权.2001.组织与环境的关系及组织学习[J].管理科学学报,4(5):43-46.
陈慧,任浩.2007.供应链合作伙伴关系类型和管理研究[D]上海同济大学硕士学位论文.
陈小洪,金忠义.1990.企业市场关系分析—产业组织理论及其应用[M].北京,北京科技文献出版社.
陈育花,朱顺泉.2004.供应链管理中企业合作的博弈分析[J].价值工程(1),60-63.
陈文玲,胡善联.1997.发达国家药品价格管制政策的比较研究[J],中国卫生经济,(10):34-37.
辞海编辑委员会编.1979.辞海[M].上海辞书出版社,268.
代志华.2006.产业经济学理论与流派及其在我国的发展[J].中国经济师,(1):27-28.
丁国杰,张耀伟.2005.产业组织实验研究综述[J].外国经济与管理,(1):51-58.
丁寅,费剑平.2001.博弈论矛盾冲突与分析[M].北京:中国经济出版社.
丹尼尔.F.史普博.1999.管制与市场.余晖译.上海：上海三联书店,山海人民出版社.
冯华,马士华.2005.基于MA和多卖方主从对策的转移定价[J].系统工程理论方法应用,14(6):555-559.
顾巧论,高铁杠,石连栓.2005基于博弈论的逆向供应链定价策略分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,25(3):20-25.
郭敏,王红卫.2002.合作型供应链的协调和激励机制研究[J].系统工程,20(4):49~53.
韩燕,韩瑞珠.2008.医药行业的政府价格管制效率评价[J].价值工程,(4):24~28.
侯光明,李存金.2005.管理博弈论[M],北京理工大学出版社,14~19.
胡善联.1999.药品定价及价格补偿的研究[J].卫生经济研究,(3):40-42.
胡颖廉.2006.管制与市场:中国医疗卫生体制改革困境的实证分析及应对策略[J].经济体制改革,(6):34-38.
黄旻舒,谭跃辉.2003.基于博弈理论的供应链合作伙伴关系[J].安装,2,1-3.
黄志勇.2005.我国药品产业的政府管制问题研究.[D],国防科学技术大学.
淮建军,刘新梅.2007.政府管制对市场结构和绩效的影响机理研究[J].财贸研究,1,8-12.
江涛涛.2007.供应链战略合作风险分析与防范[J].商场现代化,7:163-164.
蒋鹏飞,沙亚军,胡发胜.2007.二级供应链不同博弈研究[J].山东大学学报：理学版,(2):51-55.
蒋肃.2005.医药产业供应链急需强化.中国远洋航务公告[J].(5):70-71
江西省价格理论研究课题组.2003.江西省药品价格问题研究[J].价格月刊,(2):9-11.
金碚.1991.产业组织学[M].经济管理出版社.
李海舰.2003.中国流通产业创新的政策内容及其对策建议[J].中国工业经济,(12):39-47.
李鹏.2005.VMI对医药供应链中零售商和批发商的利益影响研究[J].上海管理科学.(5):3~10.
李先国,赵建峰.2005.制造商与分销商之间博弈关系的探讨[J].长沙理工大学学报：社会科学版,(20)1,65-67.
李勇,张异,杨秀苔等.2005.供应链中制造商-供应商合作研发博弈模型[J].系统工程学报(20)1,12-18.
刘长利,孙宏英,黄珂.2006.合作伙伴关系的风险分析及其规避[J].物流科技,29(130).133-134.
刘志杰.《中国医药商业产业集中度实证研究》，2009年
刘志民.2003.世界发达国家药品定价与分析[J].中药研究与信息,(5):18-21.
卢少华,陶志祥.2004.动态联盟企业的利益分配博弈[J].管理工程学报,18(3):65-68.
马建堂.1993.结构与行为—中国产业组织研究[M].北京,中国人民大学出版社.
马鑫,黄一倩.2010.中国医药供应链现状分析[J].物流科技,(6):100-102.
马士华,林勇,陈志祥.2000.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社.
马太奇.2000.产业经济学在西方的发展及其在我国的构建[J].外国经济与管理,25(10):8~15.
迈尔森.2001.博弈论:矛盾冲突分析[M].北京,中国经济出版社.
迈克·波特.1997.竞争优势[M].华夏出版社.
潘会平,陈荣秋,张祥.2005.从分销到直销:销售渠道关系的经济分析[J].管理工程学报,19(3):127-131.
潘会平,陈荣秋.2005.供应链合作的利润分配机制研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,(6):87-93.
彭绍仲.1999.企业博弈论[M].北京:中国物价出版社,133-136.
钱海婷.2008.动态联盟合作伙伴的博弈分析与选择[J].西安科技大学学报,28(4),823-826.
荣烈润.2005.敏捷制造—21世纪制造企业的战略[J].机电一体化,(6).6-10.
桑圣举,王炬香,杨阳.2006.供应链风险管理的研究与发展[J].工业技术经济,(9):116-120.
邵文武,夏恩君.2005.谈企业合作中的风险控制[J].商业时代.理论.36期,21-22
邵晓峰,黄培清,季建华.2001,基于合作博弈的JIT批量模型[J].东华大学学报,27(2):7-11.
申尊焕,闫冰.2006.西方产业组织学最新研究方法综述[J].理论导刊,(12).85-87.
施锡铨.2000.博弈论[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社.
宋华.2001.现代物流与供应链管理案例[M].北京:经济管理出版社.
孙东川,叶飞.2001动态联盟利益分配的谈判模型研究[J].科研管理,9(3),91-95.
苏苗罕,宋华琳.2009各国药品监管体制比较研究[R].上海食品药品监管情报研究,12(101):1-6.
唐宏祥,易荣华,朱卫平.2005博弈结构对VMI模式下供应链性能的影响分析[J].中国管理科学,13(5):71-78.
唐小我,倪得兵.2000.垄断厂商在固定折扣率条件下的二度价格歧视研究[J].运筹与管理,9(3):81-86.
唐小我.2001.二度价格歧视的进一步研究[J].管理科学学报,4(1):7-11.
田厚平,郭亚军,杨耀东.2004.分销系统中多委托人及委托人可能合作的委托代理问题[J].系统工程理论方法应用,13(4):361-366.
田厚平,郭亚军,刘长贤.2005.分销系统中的多主多从Stack-elberg主从对策问题研究[J].管理工程学报,19(4):74-78.
田亚明,张建珍.2005.浅论医药商业企业供应链信息化管理.当代经济管理[J].27(3):38~43.
汪峻萍,王圣东.2005.供应链中几种不同博弈的库存系统[J].系统工程,23(4):88-92.
王诚庆.2003.药品流通领域的信息不对称分析[D].硕士学位论文,中国药科大学.。
王惠,吴冲锋,王意冈.1999.企业的敏捷性评价指标体系[J].系统工程(5):33-40..
王慧炯.1991.产业组织及有效竞争—中国产业组织的初步研究[M].中国经济出版社.
王军,杨蕙馨.2006.产业组织理论研究:由静态到动态的变革[J].东岳论丛[J].(1)60-64.
王军.1997.现代产业组织理论述评[J].国外社会科学,(3):21~24.
王俊豪等.2000.现代产业组织理论与政策[M].中国经济出版社.
王俊豪.2001.政府管制经济学导论——基本理论及其在政府管制实践中的应用,上海:商务印书馆.
王利,徐锦林.2004.返利条件下利润最大化的销售量决策[J].华东船舶工业学院学报,13(6):73-76.
王晓萍,赵晓军.2007.基于博弈论的逆向供应链合作利润分配研究[J].工业技术经济,26(11),125-127.
王永平,孟卫东.2004供应链企业合作竞争机制的演化博弈分析[J].管理工程学报,18(2):96-98.
王勇,陈俊芳,孟梅.2003.非对称信息的供应链联盟关系与合作机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,12:108-110.
王岳峰,刘伟.2005.考虑权重的Shapley值法虚拟企业伙伴利益分配策略的改进[J].上海海事大学学报,(4):48~51.
卫志民.2002.20世纪产业组织理论的演进与最新前沿[J].国外社会科学,(5):17~24.
吴金南,刘蓓蕾.2004.供应链战略合作伙伴关系的博弈分析[J].物流技术,4:46-47.
夏大慰.1999.产业组织与公共政策：新奥地利学派[J].外国经济与管理,(10):26~29.
夏大慰.1994.产业经济学[M].复旦大学出版社.
现代汉语词典[M].1978.商务印书馆.
熊和平.2002.供应链管理务实[M].广州:广东经济出版社.
徐晓飞,战德臣,叶丹.1999.动态联盟建立过程[J] CIMS,(5)1.
许春.2004.企业学习能力与研发合作契约稳定性[J].科学学研究,22(3):312-316.
许淑君,马士华.2001.供应链企业间的战略伙伴关系研究[J].华利技人学学报.(S1):73-76
严旭阳.2006.产业组织理论研究的一些最新进展[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),(21):86-88.
阎钢军.2007.产业组织学研究的最新进展[J].统计与决策,(8):14-18.
杨昌.2007.中国医药供应链绩效评价体系研究,哈尔滨工业大学.
杨荣基,彼得罗相,李颂志.2007.动态合作——尖端博弈论[M].北京:中国市场出版社,48~50.
杨舒杰.2005.对我国医药行业实施供应链一体化的探讨[J].中国药业.14(1):14~15
杨舒杰.2004.试论我国医药制造业的供应链管理[J].中国药房.(15):714-716.
姚卫新.2004.再制造条件下逆向物流回收模式的研究[J].管理科学,17(1):76-80.
杨道箭,齐二石,魏峰.2011顾客策略行为与风险偏好下供应链利润分享[J].管理科学学报,(12)
叶飞,郭东风,孙东川.2000.虚拟企业成员之间利益分配方法研究[J].统计与决策,(7),11-12.
余东华.2004.新产业组织理论及其新发展[J].中央财经大学学报,(2).49-54.
余晖.1997.中国药业政府管制制度形成障碍的分析.张曙光主编.中国制度变迁的案例研究（第2集）,北京:中国财政出版社.
袁松范.2002.构建上海医药供应链的意义及可行性探讨[J].上海医药.23(2):54
张韩.2005.自由退货下的再制造闭环供应链模型研究[J].物流技术,(10):.
张鹏,云庆夏.2005.供应链合作伙伴的博弈分析与评价选择[J].情报杂志,24(2)59-60.
张维迎.1996.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海三联书店,上海人民出版社.
张维迎.1998.产业组织理论的新发展—兼评吉恩·泰勒尔的《产业组织理论》[J].教学与研究,(7):26~31.
张维迎,马捷.1999.恶性竞争的产权基础[J].经济研究,(6):28-35.
张人骥,江岚.2000.价格竞争、经济效率与政府管制[J],经济科学,(5):13-21
张雪兰.2008.市场导向与组织绩效[M].武汉大学出版社.
张延锋.2006.战略联盟中合作风险与信任、控制间关系的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理.(7)：29-35.
赵勇,孙洪胜.2004.分销渠道冲突的控制管理,广东工业大学学报(社会科学版)[J].(3):25-29.
植草益.1992.微观规制经济学[M].朱绍文,胡欣欣译,北京：中国发展出版社.
周勤,朱有为,2005.中国制造业和商业关系演化总量分析[J],中国工业经济,8:50-55.
周小梅,2007.政府管制:医疗行业改革后的新制度安排[J],价格月刊.356(1):30-32.
周小梅,2007.基于信息不对称理论的药品质量管制研究[J],价格月刊.363(8):45-47,52.
周传丽,肖湘.2009药品分销供应链绩效的实证研究———基于非财务指标的绩效模型[J].,经济评论,(4):86-96.
朱涛.2008.西方产业组织学最新研究方法综述[J].产业经济研究,(4).72-78.
钟东波.2003.我国医行行业政而管制回制度框架[J].中国卫生经济,22(1):14-18.
J·施蒂格勒.1989.产业组织与政府管制[M].上海三联书店.
Anderson E,Coughlan A.1987.International market entry and expansion via independent orintegrated channel of distribution[J]. Journal of Marketing,,51:71-82.
Anon.2002. Summary of the Executive Session on Emergency Preparedness and the PharmaceuticalSupply Chain. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy.59(3):247~253
Antoine Bureth.1997.The two faces of learning by cooperating: the evolution and stability ofinter-firm agreements in the European electronics industry[J]. Journal of economic behavior&organization.
Applequist,G.E.,Pekny,J.F.,&Reklaitis,G.V.2000.Risk and Uncertainty in Managing ChemicalManufacturing Supply Chains. Computers of Chemical Engineering.(24):2211~2222
Baker, G Gibbons, R Murphy, K.J.2002. Relational Contracts and the Theory of The Firm [J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.
Banerjee S, Lin P.2001.Vertical research joint ventures[J]. International Journal of IndustrialOrganization,(19):285-302.
Barason, J. L.1990.Transnational strategic alliances: Why, what, where and how[J]. MultinationalBusiness,(2),54-61.
Barney, J.B.1986.Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck and Business Strategy [J].Management Science;32(10),1231-1241.
Basar T, Olsder J.1982.Dynamic Noncooperative Game Theory[M]. New York: Academic Press,249-304.Bhagwat, Y.,&Griggs,F.T.1995.Analysis of Riskiness of Pharmaceutical Industry Firms.Journal ofResearch in Pharmaceutical Economics.(6):65~76
Boris F Blumberg.2001.Cooperating contracts between embedded firms [J]. Organizationstudies,9-10.
Charles J Corbett, Uday S Karmarkar.2001.Competition and Structure in Serial Supply Chains withDeterministic Demand [J].Management Science,47(7):966-978.
Coase, R.H.,1937.The Nature of the Firm [M]. In G.J. Stigler&K.E. Boulding (Eds.), Readings inprice theory;1952[1937],331-351. Chicago: Irwin.(Reprinted from Econometrica,4,386-405.
Cohen W M, D A Levinthal.1989.Innovation and learning: The two faces of R&D[J]. EconomicJournal,94,569-596.
Crook, T.R.; Ketchen, D.K.; Combs, J.G.; Todd, S.Y.2008.Strategic Resources and Performance: Ameta-analysis[J]. Strategic Management Journal,29(11):1141-1154.
Das TK, Teng B S.2001.Trust, control and risk in strategic alliances: An integrated framework[J].Organization Studies,22(2):251.
D'Aspremont C, Jacquemin A.1988.Cooperative and non-cooperative R&D in duopoly withspillover[J]. American Economic Review,(78):1133-1137.
David J. Collis and Cynthia A. Montgomery,1995.Competing on Resources: Strategy in the1990s[J]. Harvard Business Review, July-August.
De Long, Bradford J, Baumo, let al.1988. Productivity Growth, Conver-gence, And WelfareComment. The American Economic Review,78(5):1138~1154.
Dermot Leahy, J Peper Neary.2002.Absorptive capacity, R&D spillover and publicpolicy[R].Working paper,.
Dumoulin Jerome.2004. Incentives and Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Reforms in Spain [J].International Journal ofBiotechnology,3(4):338-349.
E.Kalai, M.Smorodinsky.1975. Other Solutions to Nush's Problem [J]. Econometrica,43(6):153-518.
Friedman D.1991.Evolutionary games in economics[J]. Econometrica,59:637~666.
Gatica,G., Shah,N.,&Papageorgiou, L.G.2001.Capacity Planning under Clinical Trials Uncertaintyfor the Pharmaceutical Industries. Proceedings of the ESCAPE-11,Kondig,Denmark.865~870.
Giovanni Giuliani, Gisbert Selke, Livio Garattini.1998. The GermanExperience in ReferencePricing [J].Health Policy,(44):73-85.
Gjerdrum,J., Jalisi,Q.W.Z., Papageorgiou, L.G.,&Shah,N.2000. Dynamic Simulation of Physical andBusiness Processes for Supply Chain Improvement. Proceedings of the5th Annual Conferenceon Industrial Engineering Theory, Applications and Practice. Hsinchu, Taiwan.:127~132
Grabowski H.2002.The Effect of Pharmacoeconomics on Company Research andDevelopmentDecisions.Pharmacoeconomics.(11):389~397.
Greert Duysters, Gerard kok and Maaike vaanderager.1998. Ceating Win-Win situations; PartnerSelection in strategic Technology Alliances[R]. Technology strategy and strategic AlliancesProceeding R&D Management Conference, Avila, Spain,.
Guo Min, Wang Hongwei.2002. The coordinative and incentive mechanism in cooperative supplychain[J].System Engineering,20(4):49-53.
Harland C.1997.Supply chain operation performance roles [J]. Integrated Manufacturing System,8(2):70~78.
Harrigan K R.1988.Joint ventures and competitive strategy [J].Strategic Management Journal,9:141-158.
Harrigan Kathryn R.1988.Strategic alliances and partner asymmetries' in cooperative strategies ininternational business[M].F J Contractor, and P Lorange. New York: Lexington,205-226.
Hau L Lee.1995.Global Supply Chain Management:Challenge Responses Asiapacific RegionKorking Kaper [R].
Hermann Haken.1977.Synergetics—An Introduction[M]. Springer-Verlag.
Hoopes, D.G.; Madsen, T.L.; Walker, G. Guest Editors.2003.Introduction to the Special Issue: Whyis There a Resource-Based View? Toward a Theory of Competitive Heterogeneity[J]. StrategicManagement Journal,(24),889.
James S keebler,karl B Manrodt and David A Durtsche,et al.1999.Keeping Score.Oak Brook,IL,Council of Logistics Management:79~83.
Jaume Puig-Junoy.2004. Pharmacoeconomics and Policy Decisions:The Australian Health CareSystem [J].Health Policy,(67):149-165.
Jeuland A P, Shugan Sm.1983.Managing channel profits [J].Marketing Science,(2):239-272.
Jiang, H.,W. Han· Mitigating Bullwhip Effect by Using Information Sharing[C]·The5th NIBESGeneral Meeting and International Conference: Research in Economy and Management of the21th Century, Shen Yang: Liaoning People’s Publishing House,2000.
John Nush..1950.The Bargaining Problem [J]. Eeonometrica,18(2):155-162.
John Nush..1953.Two Person Cooperative Games [J]. Econometrica,21(2):128-140.
Johnr G.1996.A. Model of incentive contracts for just-in-time delivery [J]. European Journal ofOperational Research,96(1):139-147.
Kamien M, Muller E, Zang I.1992.Research joint ventures and R&D cartels[J]. American EconomicReview,(82):1293-1306.
Karen Blumenschein Magnus, Krista K Yokoyamaa, Patricia R Freeman.2002. HypotheticalVversus Real Willingness to Pay in the HealthCare Sector: Results from a Field Experiment [J].Journal of HealthEconomics,(20):441-457.
Kendall W Artz.2000.Asset Specificity, Uncertainty and Relational Norms: An Examination OfCoordination Costs In Collaborative Strategic Alliances [J]. Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,(4),337-362.
Kogut B.1988.Joint Ventures: Theoretical And Empirical Perspectives [J].Strategic ManagementJournal,(9):319-332.
Landeros R, Reck R and Plank RE.1995.Maintaining buyer-supplier partherships [J]. InternationalJournal of Purchasing and Materials Management,31(3):3~11.
Lee H, Padmanabhan V, Whang S. Information distortion in supply chain: the bullwhip effect[J].Management Science,1997,43(4):546-558.
Lerwent J.2000. The New Pharmaceutical Paradigm: Scientific Management at Merck. HarvardBusiness Review.Jan-Feb;88~89.
Linninger, A.A., Ali,S.,&Stephanopoulos, G.1996. Knowledge-based Validation and WasteManagement of Batch Pharmaceutical Process Designs. Computers of Chemical Engineering:1431~1436.
Macneil Ian R.1978. Contracts: Adjustments of Long-term Economic Relations under Classical,Neoclassical and Relational Contract Law [J]. Northwestern University Law Review.(6).
Macneil, I. R.,1980.The New Social Contract: An inquiry into modern contractual relations [M].Yale University, p.4.
Madhok A, Tallman S B.1998. Resources, transactions and rents: Managing value through interfirmcollaborative relationships [J].Organization Science,9:326-339.
Maite Pastor, Joel Sando.2002.Research joint ventures vs cross licensing agreements: an agencyapproach[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization,20,215-249.
New SJ.1996.A framework for analyzing supply chain improvement.International Journal ofOperation&Production Management,16(4):19~34.
N M Kane.1997. Pharmaceutical Cost Containment and Innovation inthe United States [J]. Healthpolicy,41(suppll),71-89.
Papageorgiou, G.E.,Rotstein, G.E.&Shah,N.2001.trategic Supply Chain Optimization for thePharmaceutical Industries. Industrial Engineering of Chemical Research.(40):275~286
Parkhe A.1993.Strategic alliance structuring: A game theoretic and transaction on cost examinationof interfirm cooperation [J]. Academy of Management Journal,36(4):794-829.
Peteraf, M. A.1993. The cornerstones of competitive advantage: a resource-based view [J]. StrategicManagement Journal, Vol.14, No.3,179-191.
Pfefer, J., and P. Nowak.1976. Joint venture and interorganizational interdependence [J].Administrative Science Quarterly,21(3),398-418.
Porter M.1987. From competitive advantage to corporate strategy [J].Harvard Business Review,65:43-59.
Porter, M. E.1980.Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors[M].New York, NY: Free Press
Porter, M.E.[1985]. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, FreePress, reprinted in abridged
Reinhilde Veugelers.1998.Collaboration In R&D: An Assessment Of Theoretical and EmpiricalFindings[R].Working Paper,.
Rindfleisch, Aric&Jan B. Heide.1997,Transaction Cost Analysis: Past, Present, and FutureApplications [J]. Journal of Marketing, October,30-36.
Rosenkranz S.v.1995.Innovation and cooperation under vertical product differentiation[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,(13):1-22.
Rumelt, R. P.1991.How much does industry matter?[J]. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12, No.3,167-185.
Sanchez, R., Heene, A.2004.The New Strategic Management: Organizations, Competition andCompetence[M]. John Wiley&Sons.
Schm alensee Richard.1988.Industrial Economics: An Overview. The Economic Journal,98(392):643.
Sebastian Schneeweiss, Oliver Schoffski, etc.1998. What is Germany’s Experience on ReferenceBased on Drug Pricing and the Etiology ofAdverse Health Outcomes or Substitution?[J].Health Policy,(44):253-260.
Shah,N.,Samsatli,N.J.,Sharif,M.,Borland,J.N.,&Papageorgiou,L.G.2003.Modelling and Optimisationfor Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Process Development. AIChE SymposiumSeries.,323(96):31~45
Shao Xiaofeng, Huang Peiqing, JI Jianhua.2001.Analysis of lot size-model in a JIT supply chainbased on co-operative game[J]. Journal of Donghua University,27(2):7-11.
Stefano Comino.2003.On the governance of R&D alliances: joint venture and contractagreements[R]. Working paper.
Teece D.J.1986.Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration,licensing and public policy[J]. Research Policy,(15)285-305.
Teece, D., Pisano, G. and Shuen,1997.A..Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management [J].Strategic Management Journal, Vol.18, No.7,509-533.
Walley M, Johnson M E, Davis T.1999.Vendor Managed Inventory in The Retail Supply Chain[J].Journal of Business Logisties,20(1):183-203.
Werner H, Schlosser R.2001.Success factors of strategic alliances in small and medium-sizedenterprise an empirical survey[J]. Long Range Planning,34:357-381.
Wernerfelt, B.1984.A resource-based view of the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,,Vol.5,171-180.
Williamson, O.E..1975. Markets and hierarchy: Analysis and antitrust implications [M]. New York:Free Press.
Williamson, Oliver E.1989.Book Review—The Firm, the Market and the Law by RH Coase.California Law Review,77(1):223.
Xu K, Dong Y, Evers P T. Tow Ards,2001. Better Coordination of the Supply Chain [J].Transportation Research Part E: Logistic and Transportation Review,37(1):35-54.
Xu K,Dong Y,Eversp T.2001.Towards better coordination of the supply chain[J]. TransportationResearch Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,37(1):35-54.
Yi Sang-Seung.1999.Entry, licensing and research joint ventures[J]. International Journal ofIndustrial Organization,(13):1-22.
包建华,方世建.2002.煤电冶企业战略联盟及其利益分配的博弈分析[J].运筹与管理,11(5)：24-29.
曹庆奎,杜恒,赵斐.2011.基于Shapley值法和信息熵的再制造闭环供应链利润分配研究[J].河北工程大学学报:社会科学版,(1)：1-3
曹阳.2003.医药企业物流供应链的构建[J].中国物流与采购,(23):54-55.
常珊.2009.供应链中企业合作的风险管理[J].物流科技,(11):54-56.
陈功玉,闵晓平.2006.研究与开发投入的博弈分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,(5):107-110.
陈国权.2001.组织与环境的关系及组织学习[J].管理科学学报,4(5):43-46.
陈慧,任浩.2007.供应链合作伙伴关系类型和管理研究[D]上海同济大学硕士学位论文.
陈小洪,金忠义.1990.企业市场关系分析—产业组织理论及其应用[M].北京,北京科技文献出版社.
陈育花,朱顺泉.2004.供应链管理中企业合作的博弈分析[J].价值工程(1),60-63.
陈文玲,胡善联.1997.发达国家药品价格管制政策的比较研究[J],中国卫生经济,(10):34-37.
辞海编辑委员会编.1979.辞海[M].上海辞书出版社,268.
代志华.2006.产业经济学理论与流派及其在我国的发展[J].中国经济师,(1):27-28.
丁国杰,张耀伟.2005.产业组织实验研究综述[J].外国经济与管理,(1):51-58.
丁寅,费剑平.2001.博弈论矛盾冲突与分析[M].北京:中国经济出版社.
丹尼尔.F.史普博.1999.管制与市场.余晖译.上海：上海三联书店,山海人民出版社.
冯华,马士华.2005.基于MA和多卖方主从对策的转移定价[J].系统工程理论方法应用,14(6):555-559.
顾巧论,高铁杠,石连栓.2005基于博弈论的逆向供应链定价策略分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,25(3):20-25.
郭敏,王红卫.2002.合作型供应链的协调和激励机制研究[J].系统工程,20(4):49~53.
韩燕,韩瑞珠.2008.医药行业的政府价格管制效率评价[J].价值工程,(4):24~28.
侯光明,李存金.2005.管理博弈论[M],北京理工大学出版社,14~19.
胡善联.1999.药品定价及价格补偿的研究[J].卫生经济研究,(3):40-42.
胡颖廉.2006.管制与市场:中国医疗卫生体制改革困境的实证分析及应对策略[J].经济体制改革,(6):34-38.
黄旻舒,谭跃辉.2003.基于博弈理论的供应链合作伙伴关系[J].安装,2,1-3.
黄志勇.2005.我国药品产业的政府管制问题研究.[D],国防科学技术大学.
淮建军,刘新梅.2007.政府管制对市场结构和绩效的影响机理研究[J].财贸研究,1,8-12.
江涛涛.2007.供应链战略合作风险分析与防范[J].商场现代化,7:163-164.
蒋鹏飞,沙亚军,胡发胜.2007.二级供应链不同博弈研究[J].山东大学学报：理学版,(2):51-55.
蒋肃.2005.医药产业供应链急需强化.中国远洋航务公告[J].(5):70-71
江西省价格理论研究课题组.2003.江西省药品价格问题研究[J].价格月刊,(2):9-11.
金碚.1991.产业组织学[M].经济管理出版社.
李海舰.2003.中国流通产业创新的政策内容及其对策建议[J].中国工业经济,(12):39-47.
李鹏.2005.VMI对医药供应链中零售商和批发商的利益影响研究[J].上海管理科学.(5):3~10.
李先国,赵建峰.2005.制造商与分销商之间博弈关系的探讨[J].长沙理工大学学报：社会科学版,(20)1,65-67.
李勇,张异,杨秀苔等.2005.供应链中制造商-供应商合作研发博弈模型[J].系统工程学报(20)1,12-18.
刘长利,孙宏英,黄珂.2006.合作伙伴关系的风险分析及其规避[J].物流科技,29(130).133-134.
刘志杰.《中国医药商业产业集中度实证研究》，2009年
刘志民.2003.世界发达国家药品定价与分析[J].中药研究与信息,(5):18-21.
卢少华,陶志祥.2004.动态联盟企业的利益分配博弈[J].管理工程学报,18(3):65-68.
马建堂.1993.结构与行为—中国产业组织研究[M].北京,中国人民大学出版社.
马鑫,黄一倩.2010.中国医药供应链现状分析[J].物流科技,(6):100-102.
马士华,林勇,陈志祥.2000.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社.
马太奇.2000.产业经济学在西方的发展及其在我国的构建[J].外国经济与管理,25(10):8~15.
迈尔森.2001.博弈论:矛盾冲突分析[M].北京,中国经济出版社.
迈克·波特.1997.竞争优势[M].华夏出版社.
潘会平,陈荣秋,张祥.2005.从分销到直销:销售渠道关系的经济分析[J].管理工程学报,19(3):127-131.
潘会平,陈荣秋.2005.供应链合作的利润分配机制研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,(6):87-93.
彭绍仲.1999.企业博弈论[M].北京:中国物价出版社,133-136.
钱海婷.2008.动态联盟合作伙伴的博弈分析与选择[J].西安科技大学学报,28(4),823-826.
荣烈润.2005.敏捷制造—21世纪制造企业的战略[J].机电一体化,(6).6-10.
桑圣举,王炬香,杨阳.2006.供应链风险管理的研究与发展[J].工业技术经济,(9):116-120.
邵文武,夏恩君.2005.谈企业合作中的风险控制[J].商业时代.理论.36期,21-22
邵晓峰,黄培清,季建华.2001,基于合作博弈的JIT批量模型[J].东华大学学报,27(2):7-11.
申尊焕,闫冰.2006.西方产业组织学最新研究方法综述[J].理论导刊,(12).85-87.
施锡铨.2000.博弈论[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社.
宋华.2001.现代物流与供应链管理案例[M].北京:经济管理出版社.
孙东川,叶飞.2001动态联盟利益分配的谈判模型研究[J].科研管理,9(3),91-95.
苏苗罕,宋华琳.2009各国药品监管体制比较研究[R].上海食品药品监管情报研究,12(101):1-6.
唐宏祥,易荣华,朱卫平.2005博弈结构对VMI模式下供应链性能的影响分析[J].中国管理科学,13(5):71-78.
唐小我,倪得兵.2000.垄断厂商在固定折扣率条件下的二度价格歧视研究[J].运筹与管理,9(3):81-86.
唐小我.2001.二度价格歧视的进一步研究[J].管理科学学报,4(1):7-11.
田厚平,郭亚军,杨耀东.2004.分销系统中多委托人及委托人可能合作的委托代理问题[J].系统工程理论方法应用,13(4):361-366.
田厚平,郭亚军,刘长贤.2005.分销系统中的多主多从Stack-elberg主从对策问题研究[J].管理工程学报,19(4):74-78.
田亚明,张建珍.2005.浅论医药商业企业供应链信息化管理.当代经济管理[J].27(3):38~43.
汪峻萍,王圣东.2005.供应链中几种不同博弈的库存系统[J].系统工程,23(4):88-92.
王诚庆.2003.药品流通领域的信息不对称分析[D].硕士学位论文,中国药科大学.。
王惠,吴冲锋,王意冈.1999.企业的敏捷性评价指标体系[J].系统工程(5):33-40..
王慧炯.1991.产业组织及有效竞争—中国产业组织的初步研究[M].中国经济出版社.
王军,杨蕙馨.2006.产业组织理论研究:由静态到动态的变革[J].东岳论丛[J].(1)60-64.
王军.1997.现代产业组织理论述评[J].国外社会科学,(3):21~24.
王俊豪等.2000.现代产业组织理论与政策[M].中国经济出版社.
王俊豪.2001.政府管制经济学导论——基本理论及其在政府管制实践中的应用,上海:商务印书馆.
王利,徐锦林.2004.返利条件下利润最大化的销售量决策[J].华东船舶工业学院学报,13(6):73-76.
王晓萍,赵晓军.2007.基于博弈论的逆向供应链合作利润分配研究[J].工业技术经济,26(11),125-127.
王永平,孟卫东.2004供应链企业合作竞争机制的演化博弈分析[J].管理工程学报,18(2):96-98.
王勇,陈俊芳,孟梅.2003.非对称信息的供应链联盟关系与合作机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,12:108-110.
王岳峰,刘伟.2005.考虑权重的Shapley值法虚拟企业伙伴利益分配策略的改进[J].上海海事大学学报,(4):48~51.
卫志民.2002.20世纪产业组织理论的演进与最新前沿[J].国外社会科学,(5):17~24.
吴金南,刘蓓蕾.2004.供应链战略合作伙伴关系的博弈分析[J].物流技术,4:46-47.
夏大慰.1999.产业组织与公共政策：新奥地利学派[J].外国经济与管理,(10):26~29.
夏大慰.1994.产业经济学[M].复旦大学出版社.
现代汉语词典[M].1978.商务印书馆.
熊和平.2002.供应链管理务实[M].广州:广东经济出版社.
徐晓飞,战德臣,叶丹.1999.动态联盟建立过程[J] CIMS,(5)1.
许春.2004.企业学习能力与研发合作契约稳定性[J].科学学研究,22(3):312-316.
许淑君,马士华.2001.供应链企业间的战略伙伴关系研究[J].华利技人学学报.(S1):73-76
严旭阳.2006.产业组织理论研究的一些最新进展[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),(21):86-88.
阎钢军.2007.产业组织学研究的最新进展[J].统计与决策,(8):14-18.
杨昌.2007.中国医药供应链绩效评价体系研究,哈尔滨工业大学.
杨荣基,彼得罗相,李颂志.2007.动态合作——尖端博弈论[M].北京:中国市场出版社,48~50.
杨舒杰.2005.对我国医药行业实施供应链一体化的探讨[J].中国药业.14(1):14~15
杨舒杰.2004.试论我国医药制造业的供应链管理[J].中国药房.(15):714-716.
姚卫新.2004.再制造条件下逆向物流回收模式的研究[J].管理科学,17(1):76-80.
杨道箭,齐二石,魏峰.2011顾客策略行为与风险偏好下供应链利润分享[J].管理科学学报,(12)
叶飞,郭东风,孙东川.2000.虚拟企业成员之间利益分配方法研究[J].统计与决策,(7),11-12.
余东华.2004.新产业组织理论及其新发展[J].中央财经大学学报,(2).49-54.
余晖.1997.中国药业政府管制制度形成障碍的分析.张曙光主编.中国制度变迁的案例研究（第2集）,北京:中国财政出版社.
袁松范.2002.构建上海医药供应链的意义及可行性探讨[J].上海医药.23(2):54
张韩.2005.自由退货下的再制造闭环供应链模型研究[J].物流技术,(10):.
张鹏,云庆夏.2005.供应链合作伙伴的博弈分析与评价选择[J].情报杂志,24(2)59-60.
张维迎.1996.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海三联书店,上海人民出版社.
张维迎.1998.产业组织理论的新发展—兼评吉恩·泰勒尔的《产业组织理论》[J].教学与研究,(7):26~31.
张维迎,马捷.1999.恶性竞争的产权基础[J].经济研究,(6):28-35.
张人骥,江岚.2000.价格竞争、经济效率与政府管制[J],经济科学,(5):13-21
张雪兰.2008.市场导向与组织绩效[M].武汉大学出版社.
张延锋.2006.战略联盟中合作风险与信任、控制间关系的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理.(7)：29-35.
赵勇,孙洪胜.2004.分销渠道冲突的控制管理,广东工业大学学报(社会科学版)[J].(3):25-29.
植草益.1992.微观规制经济学[M].朱绍文,胡欣欣译,北京：中国发展出版社.
周勤,朱有为,2005.中国制造业和商业关系演化总量分析[J],中国工业经济,8:50-55.
周小梅,2007.政府管制:医疗行业改革后的新制度安排[J],价格月刊.356(1):30-32.
周小梅,2007.基于信息不对称理论的药品质量管制研究[J],价格月刊.363(8):45-47,52.
周传丽,肖湘.2009药品分销供应链绩效的实证研究———基于非财务指标的绩效模型[J].,经济评论,(4):86-96.
朱涛.2008.西方产业组织学最新研究方法综述[J].产业经济研究,(4).72-78.
钟东波.2003.我国医行行业政而管制回制度框架[J].中国卫生经济,22(1):14-18.
J·施蒂格勒.1989.产业组织与政府管制[M].上海三联书店.
Anderson E,Coughlan A.1987.International market entry and expansion via independent orintegrated channel of distribution[J]. Journal of Marketing,,51:71-82.
Anon.2002. Summary of the Executive Session on Emergency Preparedness and the PharmaceuticalSupply Chain. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy.59(3):247~253
Antoine Bureth.1997.The two faces of learning by cooperating: the evolution and stability ofinter-firm agreements in the European electronics industry[J]. Journal of economic behavior&organization.
Applequist,G.E.,Pekny,J.F.,&Reklaitis,G.V.2000.Risk and Uncertainty in Managing ChemicalManufacturing Supply Chains. Computers of Chemical Engineering.(24):2211~2222
Baker, G Gibbons, R Murphy, K.J.2002. Relational Contracts and the Theory of The Firm [J].Quarterly Journal of Economics.
Banerjee S, Lin P.2001.Vertical research joint ventures[J]. International Journal of IndustrialOrganization,(19):285-302.
Barason, J. L.1990.Transnational strategic alliances: Why, what, where and how[J]. MultinationalBusiness,(2),54-61.
Barney, J.B.1986.Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck and Business Strategy [J].Management Science;32(10),1231-1241.
Basar T, Olsder J.1982.Dynamic Noncooperative Game Theory[M]. New York: Academic Press,249-304.Bhagwat, Y.,&Griggs,F.T.1995.Analysis of Riskiness of Pharmaceutical Industry Firms.Journal ofResearch in Pharmaceutical Economics.(6):65~76
Boris F Blumberg.2001.Cooperating contracts between embedded firms [J]. Organizationstudies,9-10.
Charles J Corbett, Uday S Karmarkar.2001.Competition and Structure in Serial Supply Chains withDeterministic Demand [J].Management Science,47(7):966-978.
Coase, R.H.,1937.The Nature of the Firm [M]. In G.J. Stigler&K.E. Boulding (Eds.), Readings inprice theory;1952[1937],331-351. Chicago: Irwin.(Reprinted from Econometrica,4,386-405.
Cohen W M, D A Levinthal.1989.Innovation and learning: The two faces of R&D[J]. EconomicJournal,94,569-596.
Crook, T.R.; Ketchen, D.K.; Combs, J.G.; Todd, S.Y.2008.Strategic Resources and Performance: Ameta-analysis[J]. Strategic Management Journal,29(11):1141-1154.
Das TK, Teng B S.2001.Trust, control and risk in strategic alliances: An integrated framework[J].Organization Studies,22(2):251.
D'Aspremont C, Jacquemin A.1988.Cooperative and non-cooperative R&D in duopoly withspillover[J]. American Economic Review,(78):1133-1137.
David J. Collis and Cynthia A. Montgomery,1995.Competing on Resources: Strategy in the1990s[J]. Harvard Business Review, July-August.
De Long, Bradford J, Baumo, let al.1988. Productivity Growth, Conver-gence, And WelfareComment. The American Economic Review,78(5):1138~1154.
Dermot Leahy, J Peper Neary.2002.Absorptive capacity, R&D spillover and publicpolicy[R].Working paper,.
Dumoulin Jerome.2004. Incentives and Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Reforms in Spain [J].International Journal ofBiotechnology,3(4):338-349.
E.Kalai, M.Smorodinsky.1975. Other Solutions to Nush's Problem [J]. Econometrica,43(6):153-518.
Friedman D.1991.Evolutionary games in economics[J]. Econometrica,59:637~666.
Gatica,G., Shah,N.,&Papageorgiou, L.G.2001.Capacity Planning under Clinical Trials Uncertaintyfor the Pharmaceutical Industries. Proceedings of the ESCAPE-11,Kondig,Denmark.865~870.
Giovanni Giuliani, Gisbert Selke, Livio Garattini.1998. The GermanExperience in ReferencePricing [J].Health Policy,(44):73-85.
Gjerdrum,J., Jalisi,Q.W.Z., Papageorgiou, L.G.,&Shah,N.2000. Dynamic Simulation of Physical andBusiness Processes for Supply Chain Improvement. Proceedings of the5th Annual Conferenceon Industrial Engineering Theory, Applications and Practice. Hsinchu, Taiwan.:127~132
Grabowski H.2002.The Effect of Pharmacoeconomics on Company Research andDevelopmentDecisions.Pharmacoeconomics.(11):389~397.
Greert Duysters, Gerard kok and Maaike vaanderager.1998. Ceating Win-Win situations; PartnerSelection in strategic Technology Alliances[R]. Technology strategy and strategic AlliancesProceeding R&D Management Conference, Avila, Spain,.
Guo Min, Wang Hongwei.2002. The coordinative and incentive mechanism in cooperative supplychain[J].System Engineering,20(4):49-53.
Harland C.1997.Supply chain operation performance roles [J]. Integrated Manufacturing System,8(2):70~78.
Harrigan K R.1988.Joint ventures and competitive strategy [J].Strategic Management Journal,9:141-158.
Harrigan Kathryn R.1988.Strategic alliances and partner asymmetries' in cooperative strategies ininternational business[M].F J Contractor, and P Lorange. New York: Lexington,205-226.
Hau L Lee.1995.Global Supply Chain Management:Challenge Responses Asiapacific RegionKorking Kaper [R].
Hermann Haken.1977.Synergetics—An Introduction[M]. Springer-Verlag.
Hoopes, D.G.; Madsen, T.L.; Walker, G. Guest Editors.2003.Introduction to the Special Issue: Whyis There a Resource-Based View? Toward a Theory of Competitive Heterogeneity[J]. StrategicManagement Journal,(24),889.
James S keebler,karl B Manrodt and David A Durtsche,et al.1999.Keeping Score.Oak Brook,IL,Council of Logistics Management:79~83.
Jaume Puig-Junoy.2004. Pharmacoeconomics and Policy Decisions:The Australian Health CareSystem [J].Health Policy,(67):149-165.
Jeuland A P, Shugan Sm.1983.Managing channel profits [J].Marketing Science,(2):239-272.
Jiang, H.,W. Han· Mitigating Bullwhip Effect by Using Information Sharing[C]·The5th NIBESGeneral Meeting and International Conference: Research in Economy and Management of the21th Century, Shen Yang: Liaoning People’s Publishing House,2000.
John Nush..1950.The Bargaining Problem [J]. Eeonometrica,18(2):155-162.
John Nush..1953.Two Person Cooperative Games [J]. Econometrica,21(2):128-140.
Johnr G.1996.A. Model of incentive contracts for just-in-time delivery [J]. European Journal ofOperational Research,96(1):139-147.
Kamien M, Muller E, Zang I.1992.Research joint ventures and R&D cartels[J]. American EconomicReview,(82):1293-1306.
Karen Blumenschein Magnus, Krista K Yokoyamaa, Patricia R Freeman.2002. HypotheticalVversus Real Willingness to Pay in the HealthCare Sector: Results from a Field Experiment [J].Journal of HealthEconomics,(20):441-457.
Kendall W Artz.2000.Asset Specificity, Uncertainty and Relational Norms: An Examination OfCoordination Costs In Collaborative Strategic Alliances [J]. Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,(4),337-362.
Kogut B.1988.Joint Ventures: Theoretical And Empirical Perspectives [J].Strategic ManagementJournal,(9):319-332.
Landeros R, Reck R and Plank RE.1995.Maintaining buyer-supplier partherships [J]. InternationalJournal of Purchasing and Materials Management,31(3):3~11.
Lee H, Padmanabhan V, Whang S. Information distortion in supply chain: the bullwhip effect[J].Management Science,1997,43(4):546-558.
Lerwent J.2000. The New Pharmaceutical Paradigm: Scientific Management at Merck. HarvardBusiness Review.Jan-Feb;88~89.
Linninger, A.A., Ali,S.,&Stephanopoulos, G.1996. Knowledge-based Validation and WasteManagement of Batch Pharmaceutical Process Designs. Computers of Chemical Engineering:1431~1436.
Macneil Ian R.1978. Contracts: Adjustments of Long-term Economic Relations under Classical,Neoclassical and Relational Contract Law [J]. Northwestern University Law Review.(6).
Macneil, I. R.,1980.The New Social Contract: An inquiry into modern contractual relations [M].Yale University, p.4.
Madhok A, Tallman S B.1998. Resources, transactions and rents: Managing value through interfirmcollaborative relationships [J].Organization Science,9:326-339.
Maite Pastor, Joel Sando.2002.Research joint ventures vs cross licensing agreements: an agencyapproach[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization,20,215-249.
New SJ.1996.A framework for analyzing supply chain improvement.International Journal ofOperation&Production Management,16(4):19~34.
N M Kane.1997. Pharmaceutical Cost Containment and Innovation inthe United States [J]. Healthpolicy,41(suppll),71-89.
Papageorgiou, G.E.,Rotstein, G.E.&Shah,N.2001.trategic Supply Chain Optimization for thePharmaceutical Industries. Industrial Engineering of Chemical Research.(40):275~286
Parkhe A.1993.Strategic alliance structuring: A game theoretic and transaction on cost examinationof interfirm cooperation [J]. Academy of Management Journal,36(4):794-829.
Peteraf, M. A.1993. The cornerstones of competitive advantage: a resource-based view [J]. StrategicManagement Journal, Vol.14, No.3,179-191.
Pfefer, J., and P. Nowak.1976. Joint venture and interorganizational interdependence [J].Administrative Science Quarterly,21(3),398-418.
Porter M.1987. From competitive advantage to corporate strategy [J].Harvard Business Review,65:43-59.
Porter, M. E.1980.Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors[M].New York, NY: Free Press
Porter, M.E.[1985]. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, FreePress, reprinted in abridged
Reinhilde Veugelers.1998.Collaboration In R&D: An Assessment Of Theoretical and EmpiricalFindings[R].Working Paper,.
Rindfleisch, Aric&Jan B. Heide.1997,Transaction Cost Analysis: Past, Present, and FutureApplications [J]. Journal of Marketing, October,30-36.
Rosenkranz S.v.1995.Innovation and cooperation under vertical product differentiation[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,(13):1-22.
Rumelt, R. P.1991.How much does industry matter?[J]. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12, No.3,167-185.
Sanchez, R., Heene, A.2004.The New Strategic Management: Organizations, Competition andCompetence[M]. John Wiley&Sons.
Schm alensee Richard.1988.Industrial Economics: An Overview. The Economic Journal,98(392):643.
Sebastian Schneeweiss, Oliver Schoffski, etc.1998. What is Germany’s Experience on ReferenceBased on Drug Pricing and the Etiology ofAdverse Health Outcomes or Substitution?[J].Health Policy,(44):253-260.
Shah,N.,Samsatli,N.J.,Sharif,M.,Borland,J.N.,&Papageorgiou,L.G.2003.Modelling and Optimisationfor Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Process Development. AIChE SymposiumSeries.,323(96):31~45
Shao Xiaofeng, Huang Peiqing, JI Jianhua.2001.Analysis of lot size-model in a JIT supply chainbased on co-operative game[J]. Journal of Donghua University,27(2):7-11.
Stefano Comino.2003.On the governance of R&D alliances: joint venture and contractagreements[R]. Working paper.
Teece D.J.1986.Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration,licensing and public policy[J]. Research Policy,(15)285-305.
Teece, D., Pisano, G. and Shuen,1997.A..Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management [J].Strategic Management Journal, Vol.18, No.7,509-533.
Walley M, Johnson M E, Davis T.1999.Vendor Managed Inventory in The Retail Supply Chain[J].Journal of Business Logisties,20(1):183-203.
Werner H, Schlosser R.2001.Success factors of strategic alliances in small and medium-sizedenterprise an empirical survey[J]. Long Range Planning,34:357-381.
Wernerfelt, B.1984.A resource-based view of the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,,Vol.5,171-180.
Williamson, O.E..1975. Markets and hierarchy: Analysis and antitrust implications [M]. New York:Free Press.
Williamson, Oliver E.1989.Book Review—The Firm, the Market and the Law by RH Coase.California Law Review,77(1):223.
Xu K, Dong Y, Evers P T. Tow Ards,2001. Better Coordination of the Supply Chain [J].Transportation Research Part E: Logistic and Transportation Review,37(1):35-54.
Xu K,Dong Y,Eversp T.2001.Towards better coordination of the supply chain[J]. TransportationResearch Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,37(1):35-54.
Yi Sang-Seung.1999.Entry, licensing and research joint ventures[J]. International Journal ofIndustrial Organization,(13):1-22.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |