胡萝卜类胡萝卜素及其品质的研究
摘要
本试验以不同品种胡萝卜(品种NIGEL、NEVIS、NANDRIN、CASCADE和新黑田五寸)为试验材料，用HPLC分析各品种胡萝卜在其肉质根膨大过程中番茄红素、α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素积累的动态变化；不同品种萝卜不同部位胡萝卜素的含量；不同品种胡萝卜中各胡萝卜素所占比例的差异，试图研究不同品种胡萝卜在肉质根膨大过程中，类胡萝卜素形成及大量积累的主要时期以及不同品种胡萝卜类胡萝卜素形成之间的差异；胡萝卜中类胡萝卜素的分布状况，以及胡萝卜中类胡萝卜素含量与胡萝卜色泽的相关性。同时还研究了不同品种胡萝卜在肉质根膨大期间各品种胡萝卜形态指标的动态变化，并测定了构成不同品种胡萝卜品质性状的重要因素，综合评价各品种胡萝卜的品质状况。试验结果表明：
在各品种胡萝卜的整个肉质根膨大期间均检测不到番茄红素，说明胡萝卜在合成胡萝卜素过程中，所合成的番茄红素都及时被LYC转化成了α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素，因此在胡萝卜中无法得到积累。
不同品种胡萝卜在肉质根膨大过程中类胡萝卜素的积累状况是不同的，品种NIGEL、NEVIS的胡萝卜素含量(α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素)在采收时达到最大值，而的品种NANDIRN、CASCADE、新黑田五寸则在采收前达到最大值。对于某些胡萝卜品种在肉质根膨大后期出现的胡萝卜素含量下降的现象是一种必然现象。所以对这些品种建议提早采收，以便胡萝卜素含量保持在较高的水平。
胡萝卜次生韧皮部中的胡萝卜素含量极显著的高于次生木质部，胡萝卜肉质根中自上而下胡萝素含量呈现递减的趋势，胡萝卜素在胡萝卜中主要分布于次生韧皮部和肉质根的上部。不同品种胡萝卜以及同一品种胡萝卜不同部位的α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素含量的比值不是恒定的，在胡萝卜的不同部位α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素并不是按某一固定的比例合成的。
对于胡萝卜色泽与胡萝卜素含量的相关性，不同品种胡萝卜基本上呈现胡萝卜颜色越深，类胡萝卜素含量越高的趋势，因此，在购买胡萝卜时以挑
选色泽较深的为宜。
秋括胡萝卜在肉质根膨大过程中，前期膨大较平缓，到后用肉质根迅速
膨大，因此存在一个肉质根迅速赐大期，在此期间应注意肥水的合理控制。
在供试的五个胡萝卜品种中，心往所占比例以品种NEVIS和NIGEL最
小，胡萝卜素含量以NEVIS和MGEL t高，综合其它品质因素，以NEVIS
和NIGE的品质较佳。
In this study, varieties of carrots were used as experimental material, including NIGEL, NEVIS, NANDRIN, CASCADE and XIN HEITIAN WUCHUN. The research was focused on the analysis of carotenoids in carrot by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The content of lycopene, a-carotene and p-carotene during growing and the content of carotenes in different parts of different varieties were measured, in order to study the difference of the development of the content of carotenes among varieties, and try to study during which period carotenes was accumulated mostly in different varieties. Furthermore, the distributing state of different type of carotenes in carrot and the relationship between the color of carrot and the total content of carotenes in carrot were studied too. Meanwhile, we studied the development of some figure facts of different varieties during growing and detected some important facts which affect the qualities. The results showed as follows:
Lycopene could not be detected in every variety during growing, showed that lycopene is transformed into a-carotene and 0-carotene immediately in course of the biosynthesis of carotenoids, so lycopene can not be accumulated in carrots.
As for the accumulation of carotenoids in varieties of carrots, the content of carotenes of NIGEL and NEVIS got to the highest level when they were harvested, but the content of carotenes of NANDRIN, CASCADE and XIN HEITIAN WUCHUN got to their summit before harvesting, then decreased. It was proved that this phenomenon was not an accidental event, and it was suggested had better be harvested ahead of time for this kind of varieties.
There is great difference between the content of carotenes of different parts in different varieties: the content of carotenes of phloem is'higher than xylem's to a great extent, and the results showed a descending trend of the content of carotenes from the top of carrot to lower parts. Then we get the conclusion that carotenoids mainly exist in the phloem and the top part of carrot The rate of the
content of ct-carotene and p-carotene in different varieties or different parts of same variety is not always the same, showed that a-carotene and P-carotene in different parts are not always biosynthesized at a constant rate.
The result of die relationship between the color of carrot and the total content of carotenoids showed the existence of a positive relationship between the color of carrot and the total content of carotenoids. For this reason, we should try to choose the carrot with deep color for higher content of carotenoids.
During the anaphase of growing process of carrot, sowed in autumn, carrot is getting heavy and large in great steps. In this phase, we should control the fertilizer at a good level in order to get good output
The percentage of xylem of NEVIS and NIGEL are the least, and die content of carotenes of NEVIS and NIGEL are the highest, among the five varieties of carrots. According to other important facts, the quality of NEVIS and NIGEL are better than another three varieties of carrots.
在各品种胡萝卜的整个肉质根膨大期间均检测不到番茄红素，说明胡萝卜在合成胡萝卜素过程中，所合成的番茄红素都及时被LYC转化成了α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素，因此在胡萝卜中无法得到积累。
不同品种胡萝卜在肉质根膨大过程中类胡萝卜素的积累状况是不同的，品种NIGEL、NEVIS的胡萝卜素含量(α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素)在采收时达到最大值，而的品种NANDIRN、CASCADE、新黑田五寸则在采收前达到最大值。对于某些胡萝卜品种在肉质根膨大后期出现的胡萝卜素含量下降的现象是一种必然现象。所以对这些品种建议提早采收，以便胡萝卜素含量保持在较高的水平。
胡萝卜次生韧皮部中的胡萝卜素含量极显著的高于次生木质部，胡萝卜肉质根中自上而下胡萝素含量呈现递减的趋势，胡萝卜素在胡萝卜中主要分布于次生韧皮部和肉质根的上部。不同品种胡萝卜以及同一品种胡萝卜不同部位的α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素含量的比值不是恒定的，在胡萝卜的不同部位α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素并不是按某一固定的比例合成的。
对于胡萝卜色泽与胡萝卜素含量的相关性，不同品种胡萝卜基本上呈现胡萝卜颜色越深，类胡萝卜素含量越高的趋势，因此，在购买胡萝卜时以挑
选色泽较深的为宜。
秋括胡萝卜在肉质根膨大过程中，前期膨大较平缓，到后用肉质根迅速
膨大，因此存在一个肉质根迅速赐大期，在此期间应注意肥水的合理控制。
在供试的五个胡萝卜品种中，心往所占比例以品种NEVIS和NIGEL最
小，胡萝卜素含量以NEVIS和MGEL t高，综合其它品质因素，以NEVIS
和NIGE的品质较佳。
In this study, varieties of carrots were used as experimental material, including NIGEL, NEVIS, NANDRIN, CASCADE and XIN HEITIAN WUCHUN. The research was focused on the analysis of carotenoids in carrot by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The content of lycopene, a-carotene and p-carotene during growing and the content of carotenes in different parts of different varieties were measured, in order to study the difference of the development of the content of carotenes among varieties, and try to study during which period carotenes was accumulated mostly in different varieties. Furthermore, the distributing state of different type of carotenes in carrot and the relationship between the color of carrot and the total content of carotenes in carrot were studied too. Meanwhile, we studied the development of some figure facts of different varieties during growing and detected some important facts which affect the qualities. The results showed as follows:
Lycopene could not be detected in every variety during growing, showed that lycopene is transformed into a-carotene and 0-carotene immediately in course of the biosynthesis of carotenoids, so lycopene can not be accumulated in carrots.
As for the accumulation of carotenoids in varieties of carrots, the content of carotenes of NIGEL and NEVIS got to the highest level when they were harvested, but the content of carotenes of NANDRIN, CASCADE and XIN HEITIAN WUCHUN got to their summit before harvesting, then decreased. It was proved that this phenomenon was not an accidental event, and it was suggested had better be harvested ahead of time for this kind of varieties.
There is great difference between the content of carotenes of different parts in different varieties: the content of carotenes of phloem is'higher than xylem's to a great extent, and the results showed a descending trend of the content of carotenes from the top of carrot to lower parts. Then we get the conclusion that carotenoids mainly exist in the phloem and the top part of carrot The rate of the
content of ct-carotene and p-carotene in different varieties or different parts of same variety is not always the same, showed that a-carotene and P-carotene in different parts are not always biosynthesized at a constant rate.
The result of die relationship between the color of carrot and the total content of carotenoids showed the existence of a positive relationship between the color of carrot and the total content of carotenoids. For this reason, we should try to choose the carrot with deep color for higher content of carotenoids.
During the anaphase of growing process of carrot, sowed in autumn, carrot is getting heavy and large in great steps. In this phase, we should control the fertilizer at a good level in order to get good output
The percentage of xylem of NEVIS and NIGEL are the least, and die content of carotenes of NEVIS and NIGEL are the highest, among the five varieties of carrots. According to other important facts, the quality of NEVIS and NIGEL are better than another three varieties of carrots.
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2.Cheryl L. Rock. Caroteniods: Biology and Treatment. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1997,75(3):185-197
3．李崇高，黄建初，李雄飞．新型乳酸奶饮料的生产技术．食品工业科技2000，21(6)：54-55．
4．苏刚．山楂复合蔬菜果叶保健饮料．食品工业，2000(2)：9-11．
5．王勇，钱凯先．β-胡萝卜素的生物合成与分子构型．生物技术，1998，8(1)：1-3．
6.Ptander. H. Key to Carotenoids, 1987.
7.Peto.R et al. Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates?. Nature, 1981,290:201-208.
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