一种地震动区划方法及其在震后烈度快速评估中的应用
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摘要
本文以福州盆地为例,提出了一种城市地震动区划的新思路,并可推广应用于震后烈度快速评估。即从地下结构模型入手,充分考虑场地条件(地形地貌、覆盖土层厚度、土质等)的影响,研究不同强度地震动输入下土层对地震波的放大效应,并作为计算地表地震动场的基础,从而可以得到不同强度地震动下的地震动场的分布;当发生地震后,可快速计算并绘出整个城市的加速度等震线和烈度分布,为快速判断地震灾情作参考。
本文主要取得了以下成果:
1.根据已有的福州及周边地区的地质资料、地形资料、钻孔资料、各地层波速资料以及其它调查资料,利用专业软件Surfer和ArcGis建立了福州盆地三维不均匀地层结构的模型。此外,还通过统计得到了该地区7类土质的密度、土动力参数,以及深度—波速( h? v)关系回归公式。
2.根据土层厚度和场地类别进行场地分区,并进行网格划分。然后在每一场地分区内,选取若干个典型钻孔,进行一维土层非线性地震响应分析,得到了不同强度地震输入下地表的放大效应。
3.利用代表性钻孔的计算结果,与均布网格点的地下信息进行对照,得到福州盆地三个超越概率(63%,10%和2%)下的地震烈度分布图,以及三个超越概率下的地震设计反应谱。
4.建立了福州盆地地震效应快速评估系统。当福州周围发生地震时,若有强震记录,可直接得到加速度峰值;若无强震记录,可根据震中位置和震级大小,由衰减关系得到加速度峰值。再根据区域内所有离散点(网格点)的信息和地表的放大系数,就可获得整个区域的地表地震反应结果,进而得到整个区域的地震动分布的快速预估。
The thesis take FuZhou Basin as an example , a new method for urban seismic parameters’zonation is proposed, and then used for swift evaluation after earthquakes. That is, started with underground structure model, site conditions’effect ( landform, soil layer thickness and soil property ) is fully considered, soil layers’enlargement effect for earthquake wave under input wave of different intensity is studied ,then used as the foundation for calculating surface earthquake field, distribution of earthquake field under input earthquake wave of different intensity can be got; after earthquakes ,according to the seismic record , earthquake acceleration contour line and intensity distribution map are plot swiftly ,it can be regarded as swift evaluation after earthquake for reference.
There are some achievements:
1.According to the known geology material,land forms,bore-holes,wave speed in each layer and other materials, Fuzhou Basin 3D uneven soil layer model is established with software Surfer and ArcGis. Further more, density, Soil dynamic parameters and depth-Shear wave velocity regression relations ( h ? v) of 7 kinds of soil are gained.
2. The site is divided according to soil layer thickness and Site partition , and grids division is done, several representative bore-holes in each subarea are selected for one-dimensional response analysis ,enlargement effect under different intensities is got.
3. Seismic intensity distribution of three exceedance probabilities (63%, 10% and 2%)of Fuzhou basin is got with the calculated results of representative bore-hoes, compared with the underground information of uniform mesh point,as well as seismic design response spectrum of three exceedance probabilities.
4. Rapid assessment system of earthquake effect in Fuzhou basin is established. When an earthquake take place , if there is a strong earthquake records, acceleration peak can be directly got; Without strong earthquake records, acceleration peak can be got by peak attenuation relationship according to the epicenter position and magnitude . According to all the discrete points’(grid point) information in the area and surface amplification coefficient, surface seismic response result of the whole area can be got ,further more, the ground motion distribution of rapid estimation of the whole area can be got .
本文主要取得了以下成果:
1.根据已有的福州及周边地区的地质资料、地形资料、钻孔资料、各地层波速资料以及其它调查资料,利用专业软件Surfer和ArcGis建立了福州盆地三维不均匀地层结构的模型。此外,还通过统计得到了该地区7类土质的密度、土动力参数,以及深度—波速( h? v)关系回归公式。
2.根据土层厚度和场地类别进行场地分区,并进行网格划分。然后在每一场地分区内,选取若干个典型钻孔,进行一维土层非线性地震响应分析,得到了不同强度地震输入下地表的放大效应。
3.利用代表性钻孔的计算结果,与均布网格点的地下信息进行对照,得到福州盆地三个超越概率(63%,10%和2%)下的地震烈度分布图,以及三个超越概率下的地震设计反应谱。
4.建立了福州盆地地震效应快速评估系统。当福州周围发生地震时,若有强震记录,可直接得到加速度峰值;若无强震记录,可根据震中位置和震级大小,由衰减关系得到加速度峰值。再根据区域内所有离散点(网格点)的信息和地表的放大系数,就可获得整个区域的地表地震反应结果,进而得到整个区域的地震动分布的快速预估。
The thesis take FuZhou Basin as an example , a new method for urban seismic parameters’zonation is proposed, and then used for swift evaluation after earthquakes. That is, started with underground structure model, site conditions’effect ( landform, soil layer thickness and soil property ) is fully considered, soil layers’enlargement effect for earthquake wave under input wave of different intensity is studied ,then used as the foundation for calculating surface earthquake field, distribution of earthquake field under input earthquake wave of different intensity can be got; after earthquakes ,according to the seismic record , earthquake acceleration contour line and intensity distribution map are plot swiftly ,it can be regarded as swift evaluation after earthquake for reference.
There are some achievements:
1.According to the known geology material,land forms,bore-holes,wave speed in each layer and other materials, Fuzhou Basin 3D uneven soil layer model is established with software Surfer and ArcGis. Further more, density, Soil dynamic parameters and depth-Shear wave velocity regression relations ( h ? v) of 7 kinds of soil are gained.
2. The site is divided according to soil layer thickness and Site partition , and grids division is done, several representative bore-holes in each subarea are selected for one-dimensional response analysis ,enlargement effect under different intensities is got.
3. Seismic intensity distribution of three exceedance probabilities (63%, 10% and 2%)of Fuzhou basin is got with the calculated results of representative bore-hoes, compared with the underground information of uniform mesh point,as well as seismic design response spectrum of three exceedance probabilities.
4. Rapid assessment system of earthquake effect in Fuzhou basin is established. When an earthquake take place , if there is a strong earthquake records, acceleration peak can be directly got; Without strong earthquake records, acceleration peak can be got by peak attenuation relationship according to the epicenter position and magnitude . According to all the discrete points’(grid point) information in the area and surface amplification coefficient, surface seismic response result of the whole area can be got ,further more, the ground motion distribution of rapid estimation of the whole area can be got .
引文
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[4] Shi Zhenliang et al.Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Application of Seismic Zonation Map of China[J].Technical Innovations,2004,2(2):76-81.
[5]《工程场地地震安全性评价》(GB 17741-2005).
[6] Zhu Jinfang et al. Active Fault Exploration and seismic Hazard Assessment in Fuzhou City[J].Earthquake Research in China,2005,19(3):224-239.
[7] Zhao Zhendong et al. Dynamic method of Seismic casualty assessment[J].Earthquake Research in China,2003,17(3):274-285.
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[2] Lurka A. Location of high seismic activity zones and seismic hazard assessment in Zabrze Bielszowice coal mine using Passive tomography[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology.2008,18(2):177-181.
[3] Li Ying, Xu Guangyin, Chen Kun, Gao Mengtan.Seismic Zonation of Central Southern Hunan Province,China[J].Earthquake Research in China,2007,21(4):378-387.
[4] Shi Zhenliang et al.Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Application of Seismic Zonation Map of China[J].Technical Innovations,2004,2(2):76-81.
[5]《工程场地地震安全性评价》(GB 17741-2005).
[6] Zhu Jinfang et al. Active Fault Exploration and seismic Hazard Assessment in Fuzhou City[J].Earthquake Research in China,2005,19(3):224-239.
[7] Zhao Zhendong et al. Dynamic method of Seismic casualty assessment[J].Earthquake Research in China,2003,17(3):274-285.
[8]朱百成,陈军.地震小区划的方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[9]廖振鹏.地震小区划—理论与实践[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[10] Dong Di,Yang Jian and Liu Rui. Some analyses on efects of site classification on ground motion characteristics in the Chi—Chi, Taiwan Earthquake[J]. Earthquake Research in China,2006,20(4):435-448.
[11] Liu Zhihui et al.Effect of aftershocks on assessment of seismic hazard for Hebei seismic zone, China[M].Earthquake Research in China,2002,16(2):160-166.
[12]姚文斌,郑州市地震小区划概述[J].国际地震动态.1990,06(总138):14-17.
[13]范士凯,地震小区划的工程地质地震工程准则及实例分析[J].资源环境与工程,2006,20 (增刊):601-607.
[14]刘伯礼,张振江.秦皇岛市区地震小区划[J].长春地质学院学报,1981,11(04):53-56.
[15]刘曾武.安阳市的地震小区划[J].地震工程动态.1982,4(01):5-7.
[16]刘曾武.一种简易的城市地震小区划方法——场地指数法[J].自然灾害学报.1993,2(1):92-100.
[17]孙崇绍.西北黄土地区河谷城市地震动参数小区划研究——以兰州为例[J].西北地震学报. 2007,29(1):3-11.
[18] FEMA. NEHRP Recommanded Provisions for the Seismic Regulations for New Buildings[ R] . Berkeley :NCEER ,1995.
[19]崔良强,刘春峰.面向数字城市的3维GIS关键技术分析[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2010,33(4):146-149.
[20] GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[21]石玉成,王兰民,张颖.黄土场地覆盖层厚度和地形条件对地震动放大效应的影响[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(2):204-208.
[22]齐文浩,王振清,薄景山.土层非线性地震反应分析方法及其检验[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2010,31(4):444-450.
[23] Xu Ming-jiang,Wei De-min. 3D Dynamic response of layered unsaturated soils to harmonic loads[J]. Journal of Donghua University (Eng.Ed).2010,27(3):407-411.
[24]廖振鹏.工程波动理论导论(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[25]董敏,孙宝生,陈川.基于ArcGIS的地质图图例绘制及意义——以《西准噶尔地区地质图》为例[J].新疆地质,2010,28(1):116-118.
[26]马仕俊.数字城市简论[J].陶瓷研究与职业教育.2004,2(2):29-31.
[27]黄昭,王善雄.台湾海峡滨海断裂带的构造特征与活动性[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2006,26(3):16-22.
[28]陈晨.福建地区地震活动空间分布及活动断裂特点研究[J].地震,2005,25(3):102-108.
[29]党安荣,贾海峰,易善桢,刘钊.ArcGis8 Desktop地理信息系统应用指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
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[31]杨克诚.GIS软件实验指导书[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2009.
[32]齐文浩,薄景山.土层地震反应等效线性化方法综述[J].世界地震工程[J] .2007,23(4):221-225.
[33]蔡辉腾,李英民,欧秉松.福州地区典型土动剪切模量与阻尼比的试验研究[J] .岩土力学.2010,31(2):361-365.
[34]汤在祥,高清松,徐辰武.非线性方程的Excel拟合及其应用[J] .中国农学通报,2005,21(3):306-310.
[35]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.
[36]卢德寿.我国地震小区划工作的概况[J].中国地震,1988,4(2):118-120.
[37]廖振鹏.关于地震小区划的若千观点和建议[J].地震工程与工程振动,1987.7(1):71-82.
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