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韭菜的休眠特性研究
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摘要
通过两年的大田和室内试验,对不同的韭菜品种经过一定程度的自然低温、不经过15℃以下低温、冰柜控温处理等三个方面的研究,根据不同处理的韭菜生长状况,阐明了它们的休眠情况及冬季生长发育规律,并针对其冬季生产,提出了一些建议。结论如下:
     1 参试的韭菜品种可分为两大类型:无休眠类型包括791、平韭四号、杭州雪韭、汉中冬韭、赛松;有休眠类型包括平韭二号、山东独根红。
     2 无休眠类型的韭菜品种:(1)已经过一定的不同程度的自然低温后,在不同的时间移入室内;(2)不经过15℃以下低温;(3)1999年11月23日经过一定的自然低温后,置于不同的温度处理条件这三种情况下,割后置于适温(25-30℃)下,当天就能萌发,3天后就能达到6cm以上,而且生长的较健壮,我们均未观察到休眠现象。
     3 有休眠类型的韭菜品种不经过15℃以下低温,不能进入休眠。只有在日平均气温15℃以下低温下的低温诱导才能进入休眠,一般时间为10月下旬,要想使休眠中的韭菜迅速萌发,必须满足一定的需冷量;在需冷量不满足的情况下,若给予一定的生长适温也会萌发,但萌发较迟,参差不齐,长势很弱,在田间表现即为缺苗断垄。
     4 保护地韭菜栽培,品种选用非常重要,从总体上看,宜选用品质好、叶子宽、直立性好、回根晚的品种。由于每个农户侧重生产和上市的时间及接茬时间不同,应根据具体情况选择具有不同休眠方式和株型的品种。若选
    
     用有休眠类型的品种,由于其适宜回秧栽培,合适的覆盖.
     时期是在当地日平均气温在1℃左右时,在河南地区一般
     为12月中下旬;若选用无休眠类型的韭菜品种,各种栽培
     方式均可,保温性好的温室可连茬栽培,合适的覆盖时期
     为当地酷霜到来之前,、一般为11月上中旬。
Through two years' experiments of indoors and fields, three aspects about different leek breeds are studied: l) endured some extent natural low temperature, 2) not endured the Temperature that is below 15C, 3) the treatment of Temperature control by refrigerator. By the growth situation of leek about different treatments this dissertation expounds their dormant situation and the law of growth and development in winter; Furthermore, put forward some specific winter culture methods about different leek breeds. As followed:
    1 The leek breeds that are used in the experiment can be divided into two types: none-dormancy type includes 791, Ping jiu si hao, Sai song, Dong jiu, Xue jiu,Dormancy type includes Ping jiu er .hao, Du gen hong.
    2 For none-dormancy type leek breeds: 1) After endured different extent natural low Temperature, they were put into laboratory in different time; 2) exposed to the environment where the Temperature isn't below
    
    
    15C, 3) treated in different temperature condition after some extent natural low temperature on November 23, 1999; Under three kinds of situation, they were put in suitable growth temperature after moving the part above the ground, they can germinate quickly and grow strongly, After - three days, they attained above 6cm, we hadn't . observed dormancy phenomena in these experiments.
    3 The leek breeds that have dormancy didn't endure the temperature that is below 15C, they can't enter dormancy. They can do so after low temperature that is below 15癈 induced, usually the inducing period is from middle to end in October in He Nan . If you want the leek that were in the dormancy to germinate quickly, they must have enough cool requirement . Under the rare cool requirement, given suitable growth temperature, they may germinate late and thin, even some can't germinate in the fields.
    4 For culture under cover, it is important for producer to select cultivars .All in all, people should select these breeds that have good quality, wide leaf, excellent upright habit, the late time of nutrition blowing into bulb and root . According to different time of producing, selling and crop sequence, people should select these leek breeds that have different dormancy methods and strain types on the grounds of the specific situation. If you
    
    select the leek breeds that have dormancy type, the best covering period is when the native daily average value of temperature is about 1C, in general, the period is from middle to end in December in He Nan . If you select the leek breeds that have none-dormancy, the best period to cover is before the heavy frost, Averagely the period is from beginning to middle in November.
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