储层隔夹层模型研究
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摘要
储层隔夹层研究,是揭示油藏非均质性的不可缺少的组成部分。隔夹层的存在使得储集层被分割成多个不连通或半连通的流动单元,从而控制了储集层内部流体的运动。油田实践表明,油田开发至高、特高含水期,储层隔夹层的类型、分布等对剩余油的分布具有重要的控制作用。
本文通过对孤岛油田馆陶组河流相储层的分析,着重研究了储层内部隔夹层的分布、隔夹层三维模型建立及其对剩余油分布的影响。隔夹层的研究首先是从岩心观察分析开始的,通过岩心标定测井,建立夹层的测井曲线识别标准,对未取心井进行夹层判别,再以此为基础分析夹层的类型、成因及分布模式等。
孤岛地区馆陶组上段主要发育一套河流相沉积,其中馆上段的馆5~馆6砂层组为一套辫状河沉积,馆上段的馆3~馆4砂层组逐渐过渡到曲流河沉积。河流相储层隔夹层的成因包括:洪水落洪期泥质沉积、洪水期水动力局部减弱形成的泥粉质沉积、每期洪水中能量波动成因的夹层以及不同时期河道沉积之间的细粒微相等。其中点砂坝中的泥质侧积层以及心滩坝中的泥质落淤层分别为曲流河和辫状河中最为典型的、发育最广的泥质夹层。以中一区馆6砂层组为例,统计了区内1000多口井各小层隔夹层单井分布情况,以此为基础,作出各小层隔层及夹层的等厚图,分析了各小层隔夹层的分布。隔夹层模型的建立有多种方法可供选择,本文选取随机模拟方法,通过统计100多口井资料,建立了馆65小层Z12-9井组夹层模型及馆63-1-馆63-2隔层模型,根据所建立的模型,分析了辫状河储层中隔夹层的空间分布规律。
隔夹层的存在,对剩余油的分布规律具有较大影响。本文分析了不同形态、产状的隔夹层对剩余油的控制作用,并提出针对不同类型隔夹层,采取不同的挖潜措施,以期取得更好的开发效果。
The interlayer in a reservoir is one of the most important factors that affect the heterogeneity of the reservoir. Because of interlayers, the reservoir can be divided into several disconnected or half-connected flow units, which control the movement of fluid in the reservoir. Large number of practices in oilfields suggested that the types and the distribution .etc of interlayers can be regarded as main factors controlling the distribution of the remaining oil, especially when the reservoir of an oilfield has come to the high water-cut stage or ultra high water-cut stage.
Based on the analysis of Guantao Formation fluvial reservoir in Gudao oilfield, this paper was focused on the studies of the distribution and the modeling of interlayers in reservoir and their controlling effect to the distribution of the remaining oil. The study of interlayers started from the core observation and analysis. Through core calibration of the well logging, the log distinguishing standard of interlayers was established, by which, the interlayers in those un-coring wells can be distinguished, and then, the types, genesis and distribution of the interlayers were analyzed.
The upper member of Guantao Formation developed a set of fluvial sediments, among which Ng5 and Ng6 group developed a set of braided river sediments, and Ng3 and Ng4 group developed a set of meandering river sediments. The genesis of interlayers in fluvial reservoir include: at the stage when the flood is dropping, the muddy materials sediments; at some local area the weakening of hydrodynamic causes silty clay deposition; the energy fluctuations in each flood causes the formation of muddy interlayers; there are also fine sediments between different periods of fluvial sediment and so on. Lateral accretion layer of point bar in meandering river sediments and of channel bar in braided river sediments are the most typical and most extensive muddy interlayers in fluvial reservoirs. Take Ng6 sand group in Zhongyi area for example, based on the statistics of single well interlayer data of the more than 1,000 wells in the study area, the interlayers isopach maps of each layer were drown and the distribution of interlayers in each layer were discussed. There are a variety of methods for interlayer model building to choose from; in this paper the stochastic simulation method was chosen. Based on the statistical information of more than 100 wells, the interlay model of Z12-9 well group in Zhongyi area of Ng65 was established, according to the building model, the spatial distribution rules of braided river reservoirs were analyzed.
The existence of interlayers plays a key role of controlling the distribution of the remaining oil. In this paper, the controlling effect of different forms and different occurrence of interlayers to the remaining oil was discussed, and also, several pieces of corresponding suggestions were proposed, in order to achieve a better development result.
本文通过对孤岛油田馆陶组河流相储层的分析,着重研究了储层内部隔夹层的分布、隔夹层三维模型建立及其对剩余油分布的影响。隔夹层的研究首先是从岩心观察分析开始的,通过岩心标定测井,建立夹层的测井曲线识别标准,对未取心井进行夹层判别,再以此为基础分析夹层的类型、成因及分布模式等。
孤岛地区馆陶组上段主要发育一套河流相沉积,其中馆上段的馆5~馆6砂层组为一套辫状河沉积,馆上段的馆3~馆4砂层组逐渐过渡到曲流河沉积。河流相储层隔夹层的成因包括:洪水落洪期泥质沉积、洪水期水动力局部减弱形成的泥粉质沉积、每期洪水中能量波动成因的夹层以及不同时期河道沉积之间的细粒微相等。其中点砂坝中的泥质侧积层以及心滩坝中的泥质落淤层分别为曲流河和辫状河中最为典型的、发育最广的泥质夹层。以中一区馆6砂层组为例,统计了区内1000多口井各小层隔夹层单井分布情况,以此为基础,作出各小层隔层及夹层的等厚图,分析了各小层隔夹层的分布。隔夹层模型的建立有多种方法可供选择,本文选取随机模拟方法,通过统计100多口井资料,建立了馆65小层Z12-9井组夹层模型及馆63-1-馆63-2隔层模型,根据所建立的模型,分析了辫状河储层中隔夹层的空间分布规律。
隔夹层的存在,对剩余油的分布规律具有较大影响。本文分析了不同形态、产状的隔夹层对剩余油的控制作用,并提出针对不同类型隔夹层,采取不同的挖潜措施,以期取得更好的开发效果。
The interlayer in a reservoir is one of the most important factors that affect the heterogeneity of the reservoir. Because of interlayers, the reservoir can be divided into several disconnected or half-connected flow units, which control the movement of fluid in the reservoir. Large number of practices in oilfields suggested that the types and the distribution .etc of interlayers can be regarded as main factors controlling the distribution of the remaining oil, especially when the reservoir of an oilfield has come to the high water-cut stage or ultra high water-cut stage.
Based on the analysis of Guantao Formation fluvial reservoir in Gudao oilfield, this paper was focused on the studies of the distribution and the modeling of interlayers in reservoir and their controlling effect to the distribution of the remaining oil. The study of interlayers started from the core observation and analysis. Through core calibration of the well logging, the log distinguishing standard of interlayers was established, by which, the interlayers in those un-coring wells can be distinguished, and then, the types, genesis and distribution of the interlayers were analyzed.
The upper member of Guantao Formation developed a set of fluvial sediments, among which Ng5 and Ng6 group developed a set of braided river sediments, and Ng3 and Ng4 group developed a set of meandering river sediments. The genesis of interlayers in fluvial reservoir include: at the stage when the flood is dropping, the muddy materials sediments; at some local area the weakening of hydrodynamic causes silty clay deposition; the energy fluctuations in each flood causes the formation of muddy interlayers; there are also fine sediments between different periods of fluvial sediment and so on. Lateral accretion layer of point bar in meandering river sediments and of channel bar in braided river sediments are the most typical and most extensive muddy interlayers in fluvial reservoirs. Take Ng6 sand group in Zhongyi area for example, based on the statistics of single well interlayer data of the more than 1,000 wells in the study area, the interlayers isopach maps of each layer were drown and the distribution of interlayers in each layer were discussed. There are a variety of methods for interlayer model building to choose from; in this paper the stochastic simulation method was chosen. Based on the statistical information of more than 100 wells, the interlay model of Z12-9 well group in Zhongyi area of Ng65 was established, according to the building model, the spatial distribution rules of braided river reservoirs were analyzed.
The existence of interlayers plays a key role of controlling the distribution of the remaining oil. In this paper, the controlling effect of different forms and different occurrence of interlayers to the remaining oil was discussed, and also, several pieces of corresponding suggestions were proposed, in order to achieve a better development result.
引文
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[4]裘亦楠.中国陆相碎屑岩储层沉积学进展[J].沉积学报,1992,10(3): 15-19
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[7]柳成志,张雁,单敬福.砂岩储层隔夹层的形成机理及分布特征——以萨中地区PI2小层曲流河河道砂岩为例.天然气工业, 2006, 26(7): 15-17
[8] Burns B. A. Fluvial respones in a sequence stratigraphic framework: example from the montserrat fan delta, spain[J]. Joural of Sedimentary Research, 1997, 67(2):311-321.
[9] Helland Hansen, et a1. Shoreline trajectories and sequences[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1996,109(6): 671-687
[10]朱东亚,曹学伟.临南油田隔层类型划分及其分布规律研究[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(2): 211-218
[11]宋子齐,谭成仟.灰色系统理论处理方法在储层物性、含油性评价中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发, 1994, 21(2): 87-94
[12]陈程,孙义梅.厚油层内部夹层分布模式及对开发效果的影响[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2003, 22(20): 25-27
[13]林博,戴俊生,陆先亮,等.河流相储集层夹层的三维空间分布研究[J].中国石油大学学报, 2006, 30(4): 17-20
[14]林承焰,侯连华,董春梅.应用地质统计学方法识别隔夹层——以辽河西部凹陷沙三段为例[J].石油实验地质, 1997, 19(3): 245-251
[15]徐守余,王艳红.用神经网络建立储层宏观参数动态模型——以胜坨油田二区为例[J].油气地质与采收率, 2005, 12(6): 10-12
[16]孙国.利用人工神经网络系统建立储层四维地质模型[J].油气地质与采收率, 2004,11(3): 4-6
[17]郑红军,苟迎春,蒲体燕,等.试用分形理论建立储集层非均质性的分维模型[J].西北油气勘探, 2005, 17(2): 32-38
[18]王延章,林承焰,温长云,等.夹层分布模式及其对剩余油的控制作用[J].西南石油学院学报, 2006, 28(5): 6-10
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