氧化硅薄膜的电辅助自组装及性能
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摘要
薄膜自组装技术是近几年十分受关注的研究领域。本文采用电辅助自组装技术,选取FTO导电玻璃和高定向裂解石墨(HOPG)作为薄膜组装基底材料,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源、硝酸钠为支持盐合成出(介孔)氧化硅薄膜。借助于循环伏安曲线(CV)、差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)观察、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)观察及电子衍射图谱、紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱等数据信息和技术对氧化硅薄膜样品进行了研究表征。研究了不同沉积电压、溶液组成、沉积时间及TEOS/CTAB配比等参数对氧化硅薄膜组装、热处理前后的氧化硅薄膜的形貌和可见光区的光学特性的影响,对Co元素掺杂氧化硅薄膜的制备进行了尝试,并对氧化硅薄膜的电辅助自组装生长机理以及表面活性剂(CTAB)、盐酸与硅源的作用机理进行了分析。
结果表明:在-3.5 V电压下,采用阳离子表面活性剂(CTAB)为模板可制备出氧化硅纳米薄膜;在酸性条件下,可得到多种形貌特征的无定形二氧化硅薄膜;随着沉积电压和时间的增加,氧化硅薄膜在可见光光区的吸光度增强,透过率降低;只有当溶液中CTAB的浓度大于其临界胶束浓度(C.M.C),且TEOS的量一定时,才可能得到介孔结构的氧化硅薄膜,经热处理后具有MCM-41结构特征;薄膜样品经500℃热处理后,由于非桥键氧空穴中心(NBOHC)的出现,在3.5 eV光的激发下有2.5 eV的光致荧光现象发生;随着钴掺杂量的增大,Co/氧化硅组装膜在可见光光区的吸光度逐渐增强,透光率降低,并略有红移现象发生;电辅助组装成膜过程中,表面活性剂CTAB与TEOS的硅酸根离子通过静电力相互作用,形成SiO_2预聚体,当pH值降低时,形成SiO_2-表面活性剂杂化胶束聚集体。在运动电荷的诱导下,杂化胶束聚集体在导电基底上组装生长,从而制备出介孔二氧化硅薄膜。
In recent years, the self-assembly technology of films has attracted much attention. In this thesis, by electro-assisted self-assembly technique, mesoporous silica films were preformed by using cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as template, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with sodium nitrate as precursor, fluorine doped tin oxide films coated glass (FTO glass) or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as substrates. The silica films were respectively characterized by cyclic voltammograms (CV), DTA-TG, infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron diffraction patterns, UV-visible spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectroscopy. The effects of voltages, solution composition, induced times and TEOS/CTAB ratio on the assembly process, morphology and optical properties of silica films were investigated. The preparation of the Co doped silica films was attempt. And the growth mechanism of the silica films and the action mechanisms of the surfactant and hydrochloric acid were explained reasonably.
Results showed that the silica thin films could be prepared with cationic surfactant (CTAB) as template at -3.5 V. A variety of morphologies of silica thin films could be obtained in acidic condition. With the increasing of the potential and induced time, the intensity of silica film’s absorbance increased, and the transmittance of silica film decreased in the visible light region. Mesoporous silica films could be formed only if the concentration of CTAB solution was equal to or greater than its critical micelle concentration (CMC) or the concentration of TEOS reached a definite extent. After calcination at 500℃, the mesoporous silica films had MCM-41 structures, because of the addition of surfactant CTAB. Besides, after calcination, due to non-bridged oxygen holes centers (NBOHC) exist, which led to the emission of 2.5 eV light under the excitation of 3.5 eV incident light. With the increasing of Co doping, the absorption of Co/silica film gradually increased, and the transmittance decreased. In the process of electro-assisted self-assembly, the SiO_2 pre-polymers were formed of surfactant CTAB and silicate ions of TEOS by electrostatic interactions. When the pH value decreased, SiO_2-hybrid surfactant micelles aggregates were synthesized. Under the moving charges induced, mesoporous silica thin films were formed of self-assembly of the hybrid micelles aggregates in the conductive substrate.
结果表明:在-3.5 V电压下,采用阳离子表面活性剂(CTAB)为模板可制备出氧化硅纳米薄膜;在酸性条件下,可得到多种形貌特征的无定形二氧化硅薄膜;随着沉积电压和时间的增加,氧化硅薄膜在可见光光区的吸光度增强,透过率降低;只有当溶液中CTAB的浓度大于其临界胶束浓度(C.M.C),且TEOS的量一定时,才可能得到介孔结构的氧化硅薄膜,经热处理后具有MCM-41结构特征;薄膜样品经500℃热处理后,由于非桥键氧空穴中心(NBOHC)的出现,在3.5 eV光的激发下有2.5 eV的光致荧光现象发生;随着钴掺杂量的增大,Co/氧化硅组装膜在可见光光区的吸光度逐渐增强,透光率降低,并略有红移现象发生;电辅助组装成膜过程中,表面活性剂CTAB与TEOS的硅酸根离子通过静电力相互作用,形成SiO_2预聚体,当pH值降低时,形成SiO_2-表面活性剂杂化胶束聚集体。在运动电荷的诱导下,杂化胶束聚集体在导电基底上组装生长,从而制备出介孔二氧化硅薄膜。
In recent years, the self-assembly technology of films has attracted much attention. In this thesis, by electro-assisted self-assembly technique, mesoporous silica films were preformed by using cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as template, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with sodium nitrate as precursor, fluorine doped tin oxide films coated glass (FTO glass) or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as substrates. The silica films were respectively characterized by cyclic voltammograms (CV), DTA-TG, infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron diffraction patterns, UV-visible spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectroscopy. The effects of voltages, solution composition, induced times and TEOS/CTAB ratio on the assembly process, morphology and optical properties of silica films were investigated. The preparation of the Co doped silica films was attempt. And the growth mechanism of the silica films and the action mechanisms of the surfactant and hydrochloric acid were explained reasonably.
Results showed that the silica thin films could be prepared with cationic surfactant (CTAB) as template at -3.5 V. A variety of morphologies of silica thin films could be obtained in acidic condition. With the increasing of the potential and induced time, the intensity of silica film’s absorbance increased, and the transmittance of silica film decreased in the visible light region. Mesoporous silica films could be formed only if the concentration of CTAB solution was equal to or greater than its critical micelle concentration (CMC) or the concentration of TEOS reached a definite extent. After calcination at 500℃, the mesoporous silica films had MCM-41 structures, because of the addition of surfactant CTAB. Besides, after calcination, due to non-bridged oxygen holes centers (NBOHC) exist, which led to the emission of 2.5 eV light under the excitation of 3.5 eV incident light. With the increasing of Co doping, the absorption of Co/silica film gradually increased, and the transmittance decreased. In the process of electro-assisted self-assembly, the SiO_2 pre-polymers were formed of surfactant CTAB and silicate ions of TEOS by electrostatic interactions. When the pH value decreased, SiO_2-hybrid surfactant micelles aggregates were synthesized. Under the moving charges induced, mesoporous silica thin films were formed of self-assembly of the hybrid micelles aggregates in the conductive substrate.
引文
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[16] Li G, Tong Y and Liu G. Electrochemical investigation on the preparation of Lu–Co thin films in dimethylsulfoxide. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2004, 562(2): 223~229.
[17] Walcarius A., Sibottier E, Etienne M, et al. Electrochemically assisted self-assembly of mesoporous silica thin films. J. Nature Mater. 2007, 6: 602.
[18] Goux A, Etienne M, Aubert E, et al. Oriented mesoporous silica films obtained by electro-assisted self-assembly (EASA). Chem. Mater. 2009, 21: 731–741.
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