伊宁凹陷构造沉积演化与有利油气区分析
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摘要
伊宁凹陷为伊犁盆地勘探和研究程度最高的构造单元,周缘露头及钻井资料显示凹陷二叠系-侏罗系育具有多套烃源岩。凹陷钻探的宁4井、宁1井分别在侏罗系八道湾组和三叠系仓房沟群发现低产工业油、气流,但截止目前伊宁凹陷并未获得高产油流。原因可能是古构造运动对原生油藏起了破坏作用,或是圈闭与油气运聚时间不匹配,也可能是储集条件太差。因此,系统研究伊宁凹陷二叠系以来古构造演化、烃源岩、储集层沉积特征,以及油气运聚对油气勘探具有理论指导意义。
作者以石油地质学、储层地质学、构造地质学基本原理为理论指导,利用沉积相综合分析技术、地震正演、反演技术对中二叠统—侏罗系的烃源岩特征、展布范围、有利储集体的分布等进行研究；利用剥蚀厚度恢复技术、古构造分析技术等对伊宁凹陷二叠系以来古构造面貌、构造演化、油气运聚进行了系统分析研究。取得了以下主要认识：
伊宁凹陷现今构造单元可划分为东北深陷带、西北次凹带、中部次凹带、中央次凸带、东部次凸带、南部斜坡带六个构造单元；伊宁凹陷发育近直立的NNE向、NWW向,以及近SN向和近EW向几组断裂,断裂相互截切关系反映凹陷二叠纪早期处于左旋拉张应力场环境。凹陷存在3个显著的剥蚀面,分别为上二叠统顶(T50)不整合面、上侏罗统顶(T40)不整合面及古近系顶(T20)不整合面。整体上,大剥蚀量的次凸带与小剥蚀量的次洼带NE—NNE向相间展布,构成复式向斜古构造格局。晚侏罗世剥蚀厚度最大,次凸带最大剥蚀量近2000m；晚二叠世剥蚀厚度最小,次凸带剥蚀厚度一般100-380m。伊宁凹陷二叠系—侏罗系具有继承性的北深南浅古构造面貌。凹陷经历了两次由断陷转为坳陷构造演化,沉降中心由二叠纪、三叠纪时的北部地区转移至侏罗纪时的工区东北部。
伊宁凹陷中二叠统—侏罗系发育湖泊相、冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、沼泽相、河流相、火山岩相等沉积类型,整体经历了湖泊—三角洲、冲积平原、湖泊沼泽—河流沉积的纵向演化。主要的储集砂体包括曲流河河道砂、冲积扇河道砂、三角洲分流河道砂、滨湖浅滩砂等类型。二叠系铁木里克组(P2t)砂体主要发育在伊宁凹陷北部伊宁县—伊宁市,以及东部伊2井一带主河道带上,累积砂岩厚度100-200m；三叠系小泉沟群(T2-3xq)砂体沿四条近南北向主河道展布,累积砂厚可达120m以上；下侏罗统(J1)砂岩整体上北厚南薄,累积砂岩厚度120-200m。伊宁凹陷储层物性受到沉积微相类型、成岩作用的共同影响,铁木里克组有利高孔隙度带呈NE—SW向展布,分布于宁1井—回民庄—宁6井加格斯台—坎乡—英塔木所围区域；小泉沟群高孔隙度带分布于察布查尔—回民庄连线所在的NE—SW向展布区域。下侏罗统(J1)孔隙度>12%的高孔带呈NE向展布于凹陷中部。
伊宁凹陷发育三套含油气系统,分别为铁木里克组含油气系统、小泉沟群上段含油气系统、八道湾组含油气系统,其中前两者为较有利含油气系统。利用成因法计算出伊宁凹陷小泉沟群、铁木里克组总生烃量为(3.81-49.29)×108t,资源量分布于(0.15-1.97)×108t,生烃量以及资源量的最大、最小值差异较大的原因是的计算参数之一的生烃潜量数值分布范围大。
伊宁凹陷中央次凸形成于三叠纪末,之后长期稳定隆升,中央次凸带、南部斜坡带为铁木里克组、小泉沟群烃源岩多期油气运聚指向区,且距离油源较近,储层条件、圈闭条件良好,为有利油气区；凹陷南部斜坡二叠纪以来长期继承性发育,斜坡宁6井—加格斯台连线处为多期油气运聚共同指向区,距离油源稍远、储集条件、圈闭条件良好,为较有利油气区。
伊宁凹陷钻于中部次凹带上的宁4井、宁3井断块圈闭形成时间早,圈闭规模大,圈闭顶部发育的小断裂对油气保存较为不利,可能导致原生油藏的破坏。凹陷北部地区地震测线的构造控制程度低,钻于北部次凹带的伊宁断背斜上宁1井并未落在构造高点上。钻于南部斜坡带加格斯台断鼻圈闭的宁2井、宁6井距离油源相对较远,同时构造未落实,导致其钻探的失利。通过分析目的层顶面在几个关键成藏期的构造面貌、油气运移路径后,认为伊宁凹陷中央次凸带、东部次凸带、南部斜坡带发育有利油气区,下一步有利勘探目标包括：凹陷中央次凸带上发育的回民庄断鼻圈闭、南部斜坡带上的断鼻圈闭、伊2井西断鼻圈闭,以及宁1井西断背斜圈闭。
Yi Ning depression has high degree of prospecting and research in Yi Li basin. Research of field outcrops and well drillings show that there are several sets of hydrocarbon source rock in Yi Ning depression. Well Ning1 and Ning4 had separately achieved low industry oil flow and gas flow in Badaowan formation, Jussiac and Cangfanggou formation, Triassic. While it has not get high industry oil flow by now, it possibly due to tectonic movement destroyed the primary reservoir, or possibly due to the trap forming time had mismatched migration and accumulation time, or possibly due to the reservoir has poor quality. for all, It is worthness to carry out the reseach of the tectonic evolution of Yi Ning depression after Permian, the research of the depositional characteristic of hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir. and the research of the prepecting of favorable oil and gas accumuliation place.
Based on the theory of petroleum geology, reservoir geology, tectonic geology, using the technique of comprehensive analysis of sediments, forword model analysis technique and seismic inversion technique, made a systerm research of the hydrocarbon oil source and reservoir of Permian to Jurrassic. Using the technical means of erosion thickness restoration, the author carried out systerm research of the tectonic features and evolution of Yi Ning depression since Permian, and then predict the favervorable oil-gas accumulation belts and traps. The main point is as follow:
Yining depression can be divided into six current tectonic structural units, that is the northeast sub-depression belt, northwest sub-depression belt, central sub-depression belt, eastern sub-uplift belt, and south slope belt. Yining depression developed nearly vertical fault, and fault strike are mainly NNE direct, NWW direct, nearly EW direct and SN direct. The relationship of different strike fractures reflects Yining depression had been in tensile tectonic condition. There are three significant erosion surfaces, and they respectively correspond with the Permian eroding events, the upper Jurassic eroding events and paleogene eroding events. the Permian denudation mainly took place around Yining depression. Upper Jurassic denudation and paleogene denudation nearly developed in western part and middle part near Huimingzhuang district in Yining depression. The Jurassic erosion amount reachs to more than one thousand meters in the middle part of Yining depression. Yingning depression has inheritance paleostructure during Permian to Jurassic period, the northern part is low and the southern part is high. The whole sedimentary center migrated from north to northeastern part.
Yining depression developments lacustrine facies, alluvial fan facies, fan delta facies, swamp facies, fluvial sediments, and volcanic facies, From Permian to Jurassic, the environment experienced longitudinal evolution from lacustrine to delta environment, alluvial plain environment, lacustrine and swamp to fluvial environment of Yining depression. The main sandbody types are including channel sand of meandering river, channel sand of alluvial fan, distributary channel sand of delta, shoals sand of shallow lacustrine, et al. The sand body of Tiemulike formation of Permian mainly developed in line from Yining country to Yining city in north Yining depression, and the district near Well Ning2 in east Yingning depression. The accumulated sandstone thickness is 100 to 200 meters. The sand body of Xiaoquangou formation of Triassic distributed along the four river way in nearly north to south trend, the accumulated sandstone thickness can reach more than 120m. The sand body of Shuixigou formation of lower-middle Jurassic is thick in north and thin in south overall, the accumulated sandstone thickness reaches 120 to 200 meters. The reservoir characteristics of Yining depression is influenced by sedimentary micro-facies and diagenesis together. The reservoir with high porosity of Tiemulike formation extent in northeast to southwest direct, distribute in the eare closed by Well Ningl, Huiminzhuang, Well Ning6, Jagesitai, Yingtamu. The reservoir with high porosity of Xiaoquangou formation extent in northeast to southwest direct, distribute in the line form Chabuchaer to Huiminzhuang.
Yining depression developed three sets of petroleum systems, they are respectively Tiemulike formation petroleum system, Xiaoquangou formation petroleum system, and Badaowan formation petroleum systerm. The former two are better. Using the method of hydrocarbon yield rato curves, the hydrocarbon generation quantity and resources quantity of Tiemulike formation and Xiaoquangou formation has been calculated. The total hydrocarbon generation amount to (3.81～49.29)×108t, resources amount to (0.15～1.97)×108t. hydrocarbon resouces quantity is 0.64×108 t in fifty pecent probability.
The sub-uplift belt in the middle of Yining depression is uplifting in long term since its forming in early Trissic. The area along the line from Huiminzhuang to Well Ning6 is hydrocarbon migration common orientation zone of Tiemulike formation and Xiaoquangouqun formation, meanwhile this eare is closed to the hydrocarbon source rock, the reservoir and trap are also favorable, it is the most advanagous district for oil and gas exploration. The southern slope of Yining depression inheritancely developed since Permian. The area alone the line from Well Ning6 to Jiagesitai in southern slope is in the direction for several period of oil and gas migration. This area is farther to hydrocarbon souce rock, It has favorable reservoir and trap, can be divided into better district for oil and gas exploration. The favorable reservoir of Shuixigou formation extends in the middle part of Yining depression in northeastern direction.
Well Ning4 and Ning3 drilled in the broken blocks traps in middle sub-depression. Both traps formed early, and trap scale are large. While the top of those trap developed small faults, that may destroy oil migration.2-D seismic network density in northeastern sub-depression can not accurately identify the description of traps. Well Ningl dosen't locate in the structural pitfalls. Well Ning6 and Ning2 drilled in the south slope belt in Yining depression failed, that may owing to the traps are far away from the hydrocarbon source rocks, or they are drilled in uncertain structure locations. By making structural maps of main target strata and analysis of oil migration, it can be conclude that Hui mingzhuang fault nose trap is the most favoralble target for oil and gas exploration. This trap located in the middle sub-luplift belts in Yining depression. It formed in later Permian, since then it ineritencely developed. It has favorable reservoir and cap rock, it is also the common area for the oil and gas's migration and gathering. The fault nose trap on the west of Well Yi2 and the Jigesitai fault nose trap are in the effective distance for oil migration, meanwhile it is in the range of favorable reservoir. They can be treated as the better trap for oil and gas exploration.
作者以石油地质学、储层地质学、构造地质学基本原理为理论指导,利用沉积相综合分析技术、地震正演、反演技术对中二叠统—侏罗系的烃源岩特征、展布范围、有利储集体的分布等进行研究；利用剥蚀厚度恢复技术、古构造分析技术等对伊宁凹陷二叠系以来古构造面貌、构造演化、油气运聚进行了系统分析研究。取得了以下主要认识：
伊宁凹陷现今构造单元可划分为东北深陷带、西北次凹带、中部次凹带、中央次凸带、东部次凸带、南部斜坡带六个构造单元；伊宁凹陷发育近直立的NNE向、NWW向,以及近SN向和近EW向几组断裂,断裂相互截切关系反映凹陷二叠纪早期处于左旋拉张应力场环境。凹陷存在3个显著的剥蚀面,分别为上二叠统顶(T50)不整合面、上侏罗统顶(T40)不整合面及古近系顶(T20)不整合面。整体上,大剥蚀量的次凸带与小剥蚀量的次洼带NE—NNE向相间展布,构成复式向斜古构造格局。晚侏罗世剥蚀厚度最大,次凸带最大剥蚀量近2000m；晚二叠世剥蚀厚度最小,次凸带剥蚀厚度一般100-380m。伊宁凹陷二叠系—侏罗系具有继承性的北深南浅古构造面貌。凹陷经历了两次由断陷转为坳陷构造演化,沉降中心由二叠纪、三叠纪时的北部地区转移至侏罗纪时的工区东北部。
伊宁凹陷中二叠统—侏罗系发育湖泊相、冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、沼泽相、河流相、火山岩相等沉积类型,整体经历了湖泊—三角洲、冲积平原、湖泊沼泽—河流沉积的纵向演化。主要的储集砂体包括曲流河河道砂、冲积扇河道砂、三角洲分流河道砂、滨湖浅滩砂等类型。二叠系铁木里克组(P2t)砂体主要发育在伊宁凹陷北部伊宁县—伊宁市,以及东部伊2井一带主河道带上,累积砂岩厚度100-200m；三叠系小泉沟群(T2-3xq)砂体沿四条近南北向主河道展布,累积砂厚可达120m以上；下侏罗统(J1)砂岩整体上北厚南薄,累积砂岩厚度120-200m。伊宁凹陷储层物性受到沉积微相类型、成岩作用的共同影响,铁木里克组有利高孔隙度带呈NE—SW向展布,分布于宁1井—回民庄—宁6井加格斯台—坎乡—英塔木所围区域；小泉沟群高孔隙度带分布于察布查尔—回民庄连线所在的NE—SW向展布区域。下侏罗统(J1)孔隙度>12%的高孔带呈NE向展布于凹陷中部。
伊宁凹陷发育三套含油气系统,分别为铁木里克组含油气系统、小泉沟群上段含油气系统、八道湾组含油气系统,其中前两者为较有利含油气系统。利用成因法计算出伊宁凹陷小泉沟群、铁木里克组总生烃量为(3.81-49.29)×108t,资源量分布于(0.15-1.97)×108t,生烃量以及资源量的最大、最小值差异较大的原因是的计算参数之一的生烃潜量数值分布范围大。
伊宁凹陷中央次凸形成于三叠纪末,之后长期稳定隆升,中央次凸带、南部斜坡带为铁木里克组、小泉沟群烃源岩多期油气运聚指向区,且距离油源较近,储层条件、圈闭条件良好,为有利油气区；凹陷南部斜坡二叠纪以来长期继承性发育,斜坡宁6井—加格斯台连线处为多期油气运聚共同指向区,距离油源稍远、储集条件、圈闭条件良好,为较有利油气区。
伊宁凹陷钻于中部次凹带上的宁4井、宁3井断块圈闭形成时间早,圈闭规模大,圈闭顶部发育的小断裂对油气保存较为不利,可能导致原生油藏的破坏。凹陷北部地区地震测线的构造控制程度低,钻于北部次凹带的伊宁断背斜上宁1井并未落在构造高点上。钻于南部斜坡带加格斯台断鼻圈闭的宁2井、宁6井距离油源相对较远,同时构造未落实,导致其钻探的失利。通过分析目的层顶面在几个关键成藏期的构造面貌、油气运移路径后,认为伊宁凹陷中央次凸带、东部次凸带、南部斜坡带发育有利油气区,下一步有利勘探目标包括：凹陷中央次凸带上发育的回民庄断鼻圈闭、南部斜坡带上的断鼻圈闭、伊2井西断鼻圈闭,以及宁1井西断背斜圈闭。
Yi Ning depression has high degree of prospecting and research in Yi Li basin. Research of field outcrops and well drillings show that there are several sets of hydrocarbon source rock in Yi Ning depression. Well Ning1 and Ning4 had separately achieved low industry oil flow and gas flow in Badaowan formation, Jussiac and Cangfanggou formation, Triassic. While it has not get high industry oil flow by now, it possibly due to tectonic movement destroyed the primary reservoir, or possibly due to the trap forming time had mismatched migration and accumulation time, or possibly due to the reservoir has poor quality. for all, It is worthness to carry out the reseach of the tectonic evolution of Yi Ning depression after Permian, the research of the depositional characteristic of hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir. and the research of the prepecting of favorable oil and gas accumuliation place.
Based on the theory of petroleum geology, reservoir geology, tectonic geology, using the technique of comprehensive analysis of sediments, forword model analysis technique and seismic inversion technique, made a systerm research of the hydrocarbon oil source and reservoir of Permian to Jurrassic. Using the technical means of erosion thickness restoration, the author carried out systerm research of the tectonic features and evolution of Yi Ning depression since Permian, and then predict the favervorable oil-gas accumulation belts and traps. The main point is as follow:
Yining depression can be divided into six current tectonic structural units, that is the northeast sub-depression belt, northwest sub-depression belt, central sub-depression belt, eastern sub-uplift belt, and south slope belt. Yining depression developed nearly vertical fault, and fault strike are mainly NNE direct, NWW direct, nearly EW direct and SN direct. The relationship of different strike fractures reflects Yining depression had been in tensile tectonic condition. There are three significant erosion surfaces, and they respectively correspond with the Permian eroding events, the upper Jurassic eroding events and paleogene eroding events. the Permian denudation mainly took place around Yining depression. Upper Jurassic denudation and paleogene denudation nearly developed in western part and middle part near Huimingzhuang district in Yining depression. The Jurassic erosion amount reachs to more than one thousand meters in the middle part of Yining depression. Yingning depression has inheritance paleostructure during Permian to Jurassic period, the northern part is low and the southern part is high. The whole sedimentary center migrated from north to northeastern part.
Yining depression developments lacustrine facies, alluvial fan facies, fan delta facies, swamp facies, fluvial sediments, and volcanic facies, From Permian to Jurassic, the environment experienced longitudinal evolution from lacustrine to delta environment, alluvial plain environment, lacustrine and swamp to fluvial environment of Yining depression. The main sandbody types are including channel sand of meandering river, channel sand of alluvial fan, distributary channel sand of delta, shoals sand of shallow lacustrine, et al. The sand body of Tiemulike formation of Permian mainly developed in line from Yining country to Yining city in north Yining depression, and the district near Well Ning2 in east Yingning depression. The accumulated sandstone thickness is 100 to 200 meters. The sand body of Xiaoquangou formation of Triassic distributed along the four river way in nearly north to south trend, the accumulated sandstone thickness can reach more than 120m. The sand body of Shuixigou formation of lower-middle Jurassic is thick in north and thin in south overall, the accumulated sandstone thickness reaches 120 to 200 meters. The reservoir characteristics of Yining depression is influenced by sedimentary micro-facies and diagenesis together. The reservoir with high porosity of Tiemulike formation extent in northeast to southwest direct, distribute in the eare closed by Well Ningl, Huiminzhuang, Well Ning6, Jagesitai, Yingtamu. The reservoir with high porosity of Xiaoquangou formation extent in northeast to southwest direct, distribute in the line form Chabuchaer to Huiminzhuang.
Yining depression developed three sets of petroleum systems, they are respectively Tiemulike formation petroleum system, Xiaoquangou formation petroleum system, and Badaowan formation petroleum systerm. The former two are better. Using the method of hydrocarbon yield rato curves, the hydrocarbon generation quantity and resources quantity of Tiemulike formation and Xiaoquangou formation has been calculated. The total hydrocarbon generation amount to (3.81～49.29)×108t, resources amount to (0.15～1.97)×108t. hydrocarbon resouces quantity is 0.64×108 t in fifty pecent probability.
The sub-uplift belt in the middle of Yining depression is uplifting in long term since its forming in early Trissic. The area along the line from Huiminzhuang to Well Ning6 is hydrocarbon migration common orientation zone of Tiemulike formation and Xiaoquangouqun formation, meanwhile this eare is closed to the hydrocarbon source rock, the reservoir and trap are also favorable, it is the most advanagous district for oil and gas exploration. The southern slope of Yining depression inheritancely developed since Permian. The area alone the line from Well Ning6 to Jiagesitai in southern slope is in the direction for several period of oil and gas migration. This area is farther to hydrocarbon souce rock, It has favorable reservoir and trap, can be divided into better district for oil and gas exploration. The favorable reservoir of Shuixigou formation extends in the middle part of Yining depression in northeastern direction.
Well Ning4 and Ning3 drilled in the broken blocks traps in middle sub-depression. Both traps formed early, and trap scale are large. While the top of those trap developed small faults, that may destroy oil migration.2-D seismic network density in northeastern sub-depression can not accurately identify the description of traps. Well Ningl dosen't locate in the structural pitfalls. Well Ning6 and Ning2 drilled in the south slope belt in Yining depression failed, that may owing to the traps are far away from the hydrocarbon source rocks, or they are drilled in uncertain structure locations. By making structural maps of main target strata and analysis of oil migration, it can be conclude that Hui mingzhuang fault nose trap is the most favoralble target for oil and gas exploration. This trap located in the middle sub-luplift belts in Yining depression. It formed in later Permian, since then it ineritencely developed. It has favorable reservoir and cap rock, it is also the common area for the oil and gas's migration and gathering. The fault nose trap on the west of Well Yi2 and the Jigesitai fault nose trap are in the effective distance for oil migration, meanwhile it is in the range of favorable reservoir. They can be treated as the better trap for oil and gas exploration.
引文
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