用户名: 密码: 验证码:
Ile对鲫鱼生长的影响和鲫鱼氨基酸转运规律的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
为了探讨饲料中添加游离异亮氨酸(Ile)对鲫鱼生长的影响,鲫鱼肠道对游离氨基酸吸收转运的特点,为实际水产动物饲料生产应用提供理论依据,我们用两个试验进行研究。试验一配制了两种类型的饲料,即菜粕-棉粕型的常规饲料和血粉-花生仁粕型的典型饲料,按照鲫鱼肌肉必需氨基酸模式补充和倍量于该模式需要量补充晶体异亮氨酸(L-Ile),与Ile为第一限制性氨基酸的未添加组进行比较,探讨Ile在不同类型饲料中的作用特点。试验二采用离体肠道灌注系统,将含同位素L-[4,5-~3H]亮氨酸、DL-[4-~3H]酪氨酸的氨基酸溶液分别对鲫鱼肠道进行恒速灌注,探索鲫鱼肠道对氨基酸的转运特点和规律。得到试验结果如下:
     1.在常规饲料中添加Ile对鲫鱼没有促生长作用,在典型饲料中添加表现出促生长效果;
     2.在常规饲料中按鱼体必需氨基酸模式添加及其倍量添加Ile不能提高饲料系数和蛋白质效率,在典型饲料中添加都提高了饲料利用率;
     3.血清游离氨基酸水平随Ile添加量的增大而升高,在两类饲料中添加Ile有促进氨基酸消化吸收的效果,但对氨基酸吸收的影响有所不同;
     4.按鱼体必需氨基酸组成模式添加Ile可增大氨氮排泄率,提高鱼体蛋白质分解代谢水平,同时也促进了蛋白质合成代谢,在典型饲料中合成代谢强于分解代谢,而常规饲料中没有体现合成代谢的优势;同时,过量添加在两类饲料中的效果都较差;
     5.鲫鱼肠道对各浓度下的Leu和Tyr转运量随时间逐步上升;Leu转运量最大值在8mmol·L~(-1)最大浓度时获得,但出现抑制反应,其他各浓度下均能正常进行氨基酸的吸收转运,浓度和转运量无关;鲫鱼肠道对饱和浓度(4.48mmol·L~(-1))Tyr未出现吸收抑制作用,低浓度(2mmol·L~(-1)和1mmol·L~(-1))的两组跨壁运输水平极低而且转运量始终没有差异;鲫鱼肠道对Leu转运量高于相同浓度下的Tyr。对于Leu,鲫鱼肠道比草鱼具有更高的吸收转运效率。
In order to probe into the effect of free isoleucine added in diet on the growth of crucian carp and the characters of the absorption and transportation of the crucian carp intestine, two experiments were designed, expecting that they could rendered theoretical foundations for practical production and application of aquatic animal feed. In experiment one, two different ingredient feeds were confected. One was composed mainly by rapeseed meal and cotton meal (conventional feed, briefly) and the other was consisted chiefly by blood meal and peanut meal (typical feed). L-isoleucine was supplemented according with the essential amino acid pattern of the fish muscle, or doubled over it. The comparison was set on the feed lacking isoleucine, the first limiting amino acid. The roles of isoleucine added in the different type of feeds were discussed. A perfusing instrument for gut in vitro was introduced in experiment two. The fish intestine was perfused constantly by amino acid solutions containing the relevant isotopes, L-[4, 5-3H]leucine and DL-[4-3H]tyrosine. The characters and principles of the intestine transporting amino acids were groped after. The results extracted from the experiments list as follows:
    1.The isoleucine added in the conventional feed had no effect on the growth of crucian carp while it added in the typical feed engendered the role of accelerating growth.
    2.The isoleucine according with the pattern of the fish muscle or doubled the pattern in the conventional feed didn't raise the feed coefficient and protein efficiency ratio. But it raised the utilization of the typical feed in despite of proper or excessive supply.
    3.The content of the total free amino acids in the fish serum rised with the increase of the added isoleucine. The isoleucine added in the feeds stimulated the absorption of the feed amino acids but there were some differences of the functions in the two feeds.
    4.The excreting rate of ammonia nitrogen was enhanced after adding the isoleucine consistent with the fish essential amino acid pattern. The catabolic action of protein rised and anabolism of protein booted up simultaneously. The anabolism predominated over the catabolism in the typical feed but it didn't in the conventional feed. At the same time, the reaction were weak when the isoleucine was added excessively.
    5.The leucine and tyrosine transported by the fish intestine at various concentrations accumulated gradually with time. The concentrational climax of transporting leucine was 8mmol.L-1 but the inhibiting effect occurred at this concentration. It was normal for absorbing and transporting amino acids at other concentrations. It was faint that the amount of transportation was correlated with concentrations. There wasn't any inhibiting reaction to absorb saturated(4.48mmol.L-1) tyrosine by the fish intestine. The transmural fluxes of the lower two concentrations(2mmol. L-1 and 1mmol .L-1) of tyrosine were very low and had no difference all along. The transportation of leucine was higher than that of tyrosine at the same concentrations. The efficiency of transporting leucine was higher by crucian carp than that by grass carp.
引文
[1]李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
    [2]林鼎,毛永庆.鱼类营养与配合饲料[M].广州:中山大学出版社,1988
    [3]吴遵霖.鱼类营养鱼配合饲料[M].北京:农业出版社,1990
    [4]钟华宜.精养鱼的氨基酸营养[J].饲料工业.1996,17(12):26~33
    [5]王胜林.淡水鱼类蛋白质与氨基酸营养研究的进展[J].广东饲料.2000,9(4):35~37
    [6]C. Y. Cho.Essential Amino Acids Requirements of Fish:a Matter of Controversy[A]. The Proceedings of the 25th Annual Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers[C]. Toronto:Pedro Eneamacao and Dominique P. Bureau, 1989
    [7]廖翔华等.草鱼酶纤颗粒饲料及营养代谢的研究[J].水产学报.1980,4(3):217~226
    [8]王渊源.鱼虾的蛋白质需要量和其研究方法[J].动物学杂志.1991,26(5):42~48
    [9]张满龙,房英春,邓理.氨基酸在鱼类养殖中的作用[J].黑龙江水产.2001(4):17~19
    [10]韩英,范兆廷,尹海富,孙辉.单体氨基酸在水产饲料中的应用[J].中国水产.2002,(2):68~69
    [11]杨秀平.动物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
    [12]郑集,陈钧辉.普通生物化学(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998
    [13]林浩然.鱼类生理学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1997
    [14]卢德勋.2000‘动物营养研究进展[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001
    [15]谭北平,麦康森,周歧存.贝类营养研究进展[J].水产学报.1999,23(2):193~198
    [16]伍喜林.动物色氨酸营养研究进展[J]_国外畜牧学.1994(3).22~26
    [17]蒋艾青,王晓华.青鱼饲料添加组氨酸的试验[J].中国水产.2002(6):67
    [18]余冰,田刚.动物的谷氨酰胺营养[J].饲料研究.2000(12):15~18
    [19]伍一军.氨基酸对鲫鱼、泥锹的诱食活性[J].水产学报,1993,17(4):337—339
    [20]宋天复,李亚晨,史群.氨基酸对金鱼摄食活动的影响[J].动物学杂志.1989,24(3):19~23
    [21]史清河,于俊生.猪的支链氨基酸营养研究进展[J].当代畜牧.2001(3):40~42
    [22]金宏,高兰兴,许志勤,等.支链氨基酸对运动大鼠氨基酸代谢和运动能力的影响[J].氨基酸和生物资源,1999.21(3):1~4
    [23]Edward Eiscnstcin, Hoon Dac Yu, Frederick E Schwarz Sl. Cooperative Binding of the Feedback Modifiers Isolcucinc and Valinc to Biosynthetic Thrconine Dcaminasc from E. coli. THE JOURNAL OF BIOLWICAL CHEMISTRY. Vol.269, No.47, pp.29423-29429, 1994
    [24]周小秋,杨凤,周安国.赖氨酸和蛋氨酸对水生动物蛋白质合成能力的影响[J].国外畜牧科技.2001,28(3):2~5
    [25]ALTON MEISTER AND JULIUS WHITE. GROWTH RESPONSE OF THE RAT TO THE KETO ANALOGUES OF LEUCINE AND ISOLEUCINE J. Biol. Chem., 70,633 (1951).
    [26]冯杰,胡倡华.氨基酸与免疫系统的相互作用[J].饲料工业2001.22(2):10~12
    [27]靳继德,郑子新,等.Ala—Gin和BCAA对创伤大鼠营养支持作用的实验研究[J].中国临床营养杂志.2001,9(1).18~19
    [28]丁贤,殷波.蛋白质、氨基酸营养与免疫[J].饲料博览.2001.(6):30~32
    [29]夏锦铭,叶广俊等.赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸对大鼠回肠锌吸收动力学作用的研究[J].营养学报.1992,14(3)
    [30]沈维华.鱼类蛋白质、氨基酸营养研究进展(续)[J].中国饲料,1995(10):20~22
    
    
    [31] National Research Council. Nutrition requirement of coldwater fishes, No.16, National Academy of Sciences, 1981
    [32] National Research Council. Nutrition requirement of warmwater fishes and sheilfishes, No.16, National Academy of Sciences, 1983
    [33] Ogino C., Saito K., Protein nutrition in fish 1. The utilization of dietary protein by yong carp. Bull.Jap.Soe.Fish. 1970,36:250~254
    [34] Ogino C., Protein nutrition of carp and rainbow trout. Bull.Jap.Soc.Fish.1980,46:385~388
    [35] 黄凯,王武,李春华.南美白对虾必需氨基酸的需要量[J].水产学报.2003,27(5):456~461
    [36] 牛东红,商利新,王维娜,等.鱼类氨基酸营养的研究概况[J].饲料博览.2003(9):39~41
    [37] 沈维华.鱼类蛋白质、氮基酸营养研究进展[J].中国饲料,1995(9):29~30
    [38] 赵兴文,毕宁阳,刘焕亮.真鲷对蛋白质和必需氨基酸需要量的研究[J].大连水产学院学报.1995,10(4):13~18
    [39] 张泽云,陈先均,张季涛.长吻鮠营养需要量的研究[J].动物学研究.1993,14(2):150~157
    [40] 方之平,潘黔生,何瑞国,等.彭泽鲫鱼种配合饲料的初步研究[J].水利渔业.1998(4):1~3.
    [41] 何瑞国,王玉莲,王胜林,等.不同营养水平对彭泽鲫春片鱼种生长影响的研究[J].淡水渔业,1999,29(6):3~5.
    [42] 王胜林,何瑞国,王玉莲,等.彭泽鲫鱼种春片适宜生长的能量、蛋白质和磷水平的研究[J].饲料工业,2000,21(7):23~25.
    [43] 王友慧,周兴华.鲟鱼的营养需求和配合饵料研究进展[J].饲料博览.2002(2):42~44
    [44] 刘超,闵育娜,雷海宁,等.饲料中可利用氨基酸研究进展[J].甘肃农业大学学报.2002,37(4):401~409
    [45] 朱爱伦.养虾的理想蛋白质[J].饲料研究.1999(1):34~35
    [46] 叶元土 林仕梅 罗莉等.南方大口鲶胃肠道对L-亮氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸吸收动力学的研究[A].中国水产学会2000年学术年论文集(C),海洋出版社出版,2000年:562—580
    [47] 叶元土,林仕梅,罗莉,等.斑点叉尾(鱼回)胃、肠道对亮氨酸的吸收[J].水产学报,1999,23(增刊):46~50
    [48] 叶元土,林仕梅,罗莉,等.草鱼肠道对L-亮氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸的吸收[J].动物学报,2000,46(1):52~57
    [49] 叶元土,王友慧,林仕梅,等.草鱼肠道对10种必需氨基酸的跨壁运输[J].中国水产科学.2003,10(4):311~317
    [50] 曾端,叶元土.草鱼肠道对氨基酸吸收的离体培养方法的研究[J].中国水产科学.2001(4):1~8
    [51] 王友慧.斑点叉尾鲴肠道对10种EAA吸收动力学的研究.[硕士学位论文].重庆:西南农业大学,2003.6~19
    [52] 麦康森,李爱杰,尹左芬.中国对虾中肠对氨基酸运输的动力学研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1987,18(5):426~431
    [53] 罗莉,叶元土,林仕梅.灌喂必需氨基酸模式溶液对草鱼全鱼和肌肉、肝胰脏蛋白质合成代谢的影响[J].水产学报.2002,26(1):73~78
    [54] 胡东利,徐淑蒽,郑正炯.细胞膜组分与氨基酸转运吸收的关系[J].氨基酸杂志.1989,1:1~6
    [55] 李茂深.物质代谢[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1987
    [56] 沈维华,林可椒,钱雪桥.鲤(Cyprinus carpio)氨基酸吸收部位的研究[J].华中农业大学学报.1993,12(4):364~368
    [57] 李贵生,周黎华,梁旭方.3H-亮氨酸在幼草鱼肠道中的吸收积累作用[J].水利渔业.2003,23(5):4~6
    [58] 罗晓林.氨基酸在小肠的转运[J].西南民族学院学报·自然科学版.1991,17(1).103~104
    [59] 张扬宗,谭玉钧,欧阳海.中国池塘养鱼学[M].北京:科学出版社,1989
    [60] 张毅,孔令杰名优鲫鱼养殖技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
    [61] 胡贤江,沈新玉.怎样高产养殖名优鲫鱼[M].合肥:安徽科技出版社,2000.
    [62] 汪留全,胡王.我国鲫鱼品种资源及其生长性能的初步分析[J].水利渔业.1997(5):4~6
    
    
    [63] 张萍,赵振伦,杨沁芳.鲫鱼营养需求与营养生理的研究进展[J].水利渔业.2001,2l(3):9~11.
    [64] 张萍,赵振伦,杨沁芳.鲫鱼营养研究进展及其配合饲料营养标准探讨[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2001,20(增刊):46~50.
    [65] 殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:农业出版社,1995
    [66] 刘智广,管文贤.血浆游离氨基酸总量的快速测定方法[J].第四军医大学学报,1993,14(3):236~238.
    [67] 叶元土.茚三酮法测定蛋白质饲料中水溶蛋白质成分[J].饲料工业,1993,14(9):18~21
    [68] 陈佳荣.水化学实验指导书[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.
    [69] 李建武等.生物化学实验原理和方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1994
    [70] 贵州农学院主编.生物统计附试验设计(第二版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1989.
    [71] 刘长忠,周克勇.添加合成氨基酸降低蛋白质水平对鲫鱼生产性能的影响[J].饲料工业.2001,22(6):9~11
    [72] 朱世成,冯现维,段铭,等.配合饵料中添加赖氨酸饲养鲫鱼的效果[J].饲料研究,1999(4):5~6.
    [73] 刘永坚,田丽霞,刘栋辉,等.实用饲料补充结晶或包膜赖氨酸对草鱼生长、血清游离氨基酸和肌肉蛋白质合成率的影响[J].水产学报2002,26(3):252~258
    [74] 曾虹.鱼饲料中添加氨基酸的效果[J].中国水产.2001(6):88~89
    [75] 材井武四著,王大光译.关于鱼类的蛋白质代谢(上)[J].重庆水产.1998,(1):36~38.
    [76] 郑春田,杨立彬.低蛋白质日粮补充异亮氨酸对仔猪全身蛋白质周转代谢的影响[J].中国农业科技导报.2001,3(1):38~42.
    [77] Murai T, Ogata Y, Hirasawa T, et al. Poetal absoption and hepatic uptake of amino acids in rainbows trout force-feed complete diets Containing casein or crystalline amino acids[J]. Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish, 1987,53:1847-1859
    [78] 叶元土,蔡春芳,林仕梅等.鱼类肠道离体灌注试验系统[J].中国畜牧兽医.2002,29(6):26~27
    [79] Agar, W.T., F.J.R.Hird, G.S.Sidhu. The absorption, transfer and uptake of amino acids by intestinal tissue. Biochem. Biophys. Acta[J].22:21~30,1956
    [80] Akedo, H., and H.W.Christensen. Transfer of amino acids across the intestine: a new model amino acids. J. Biol.chem.[J].237:113~117,1962
    [81] Bergman E N, Heitmann R N. Metabolism of amino acids by the gut, kidneys and peripheral tissues. Fed Proc. [J],37:1228,1978
    [82] Bronk J.R., H.J.Leese. The absorption of a mixture of amino acids by rat small intestine. J.Physiol[J]. 241:271-286,1974
    [83] John T Brosnan.Interorgan amino acid transport and its regulation. The Journal of Nutrition. Bethesda: Jan 2003. Vol. 133, Iss. 6S-Ⅰ; pg.S2068
    [84] 侯永清,呙于明,周毓平.蛋白质、氨基酸营养与动物机体免疫机能[J].饲料工业.2000,21(8):5~7
    [85] 吴婷婷,朱晓鸣.鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢消化酶活性的研究[J].中国水产科学.1994,1(2):10~17
    [86] 王渊源,刘金标.鳖营养需求与配合饲料研究进展[J].中国饲料.2001,(5):17~19
    [87] 曾训江,刘素文,徐旭阳,等.湘鲫的营养需要及配合饲料的研究综合报告[J].湖南水产.1991(2):13~14.
    [88] 郑春田,李德发.支链氨基酸营养研究进展(续)[J].中国饲料.1999(8):6-7
    [89] 伍喜林.动物苏氨酸营养研究进展[J].国外畜牧学.1993(4):12~16
    [90] 袁春营,崔青曼.虹鳟营养需要量研究[J].中国饲料.2003,(17):21~22
    [91] 张满隆,邓理.蛋氨酸在鲫鱼饲料中的作用[J].饲料研究,2001(5):26~27.
    [92] 有吉修二郎[日]著,杨嘉实、李复兴等译.氨基酸饲料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1989
    [93] 蒋滢.氨基酸的应用[M].北京:世界图书出版公司,1996
    
    
    [94] Motoni Kadowaki and Takumi Kanazawa. Amino Acids as Regulators of Proteolysis. J. Nutr. 133:2052S-2056S, June 2003
    [95] John T Brosnan.Interorgan amino acid transport and its regulation. The Journal of Nutrition. Bethesda: Jun 2003. Vol. 133, pg. S2068
    [96] El-Sayed A M. Teshima S. Protein and energy requirements of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fry[J]. Aquaculture, 1992,103:55~63
    [97] Gatlin Ⅲ, Delbert M., Whole body amino acid composition and comparative aspects of aminao acid nutrition of the goldfish, golden shiner and fatherad minnow[J]. Aquae Fish Manage, 1987, 60(3/4):223~229.
    [98] Influence of dietary protein content on the distribution of amino acid in oocytes, serum and muscle of Nile tilapia, Oneochromis niloticus(L.). Aquaculture. 152(1997)205.
    [99] Kaushik S J, J Breque, D Blance. Requirement for protein and essential amino acids and their utilization by Siberian sturgeon(Acipenser baeri)[J].In: P Williot ed. Porch Sit Intern Sym On Sturgeon. 3~6 October, 1989. Berdeaux-France: CEMAGREF, 1991.25~39
    [100] Lall, S.P., F.J.Bishop. Studies on the nutrient requirements of rainbow trout. Salmo gairdneri, grown in seawater and freshwater. Proc. FAO Technical Conference on Aquaculture. May, Kyoto. Japan. 1976,580~584
    [101] Lovell T., Nutrition and feeding of fish. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Now York, 1989
    [102] 方之平,潘黔生,何瑞国,等.彭泽鲫配合饲料中必需氨基酸适合量的研究[J].水利渔业,1998(5),1~3.
    [103] 方之平,潘黔生,何瑞国,等.温度对彭泽鲫主要消化酶活力的影响[J].水利渔业,1998(2):15~17.
    [104] 雷武,杨云霞,贺锡勤.异育银鲫对9种商品饲料的消化率[A].见:饲料科技发展新途径(水产部分)[C],1988:80~84.
    [105] 冷向军,李小勤.水产动物营养与畜禽营养的比较[J].饲料研究,2002,(2):20~23
    [106] 李爱杰.我国养殖鱼类营养研究进展[A].见:中国水产学会水产动物营养与饲料研究论文集[C],1997,1~11.
    [107] 梁萍,陈祥,何立太.鱼类对蛋白质代谢及其生理意义[J].重庆水产.1999(2):14~16
    [108] 潘黔生,方之平,聂秀云,等.四种饲料原料对彭泽鲫稚鱼前期生长的影响[J].水利渔业,1997,(6):17~19.
    [109] 沈晓民,刘永发,唐瑞英,等.异育银鲫的蛋白质消化率研究[J].水产学报 1995,19(1):52~57.
    [110] 侯永清.鲤鱼鱼种对饲料蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率的研究.饲料工业.1996,17(9):18~20
    [111] 钱国英.加州鲈常用饲料原料的可利用氨基酸研究.动物营养学报.2001,13(2):43~46
    [112] 伍一军.几种氨基酸和动植物粗提物对鱼类诱食活性的初步研究[J].水产学报,1996,20(1):58~60.
    [113] 张桂蓉,严安生,高玉芹,等.饥饿对异育银鲫几项血液指标的影响[J].水利渔业.2003,23(1):9~10.
    [114] 张銮光.鲤、鲫鱼肌肉水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸的初步研究[J].水生生物学报,1988,12(2):181~185
    [115] 周小秋,杨风,周安国.水生动物赖氨酸营养研究进展[J].四川农业大学学报.2002,20(2):172-176
    [116] 朱桂华.湘云鲫生长的初步研究[J].淡水渔业,1999(9):12~13
    [117] 朱晓鸣,解绶启,崔奕波.摄食水平对异育银鲫生长及能量收支的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2000,31(5):471~479.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700