基于分层体系的自动化横机关键技术的研究
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摘要
横机全自动编织系统是技术含量较高的智能化系统,它集自动控制、针织工艺、图像处理及计算机软件工程等众多技术为一体。它的诞生和应用给针织品的生产方式、产品结构及产业结构带来了深刻的变革。随着针织衫的时装化、多样化及各项先进技术的飞速发展,促使横机向着全自动化及高智能化方向发展。本文围绕横机实现全自动化的关键技术——花型设计技术及自动控制技术展开研究工作。主要研究内容及结论如下:
1.研究表示各类针法的编织符号的分类原则,对编织元件进行科学有效的分类,并建立了与各类编织元件相对应的元件库。用户可方便地从库中查找元件或加入新的编织元件,通过选择元件自由组合编织动作,最大限度的实现了设计的灵活性。
2.研究绘图引擎技术,提出了分层绘图的设计思想。将纱色符号、织法符号、翻针符号、摇床针数和提花符号分层绘制、单独处理,使花型的输入、编辑和显示变得简单、灵活,克服了由于将所有符号定义为一体所带来的问题,实现了绘图的便利性。
3.针对多图层的设计思想,研究类管理技术并建立了新型绘图引擎类结构模型,成功地实现了对图层的统一协调管理。为解决线圈模拟图形显示的立体效果与占用大的内存资源之间的矛盾,建立了基于几何结构的线圈绘图模型。
4.研究了基于分层体系的电脑横机新型花型准备软件平台和基于几何结构的纬编织物线圈模拟软件平台的实现方法。新型花型准备软件平台实现了花型设计、程序指令和控制器代码的自动生成等功能。线圈模拟平台能以图形方式直观地显示针织物的线圈结构形态,还能灵活、方便地将成圈、集圈和浮线三种基本元件组合成千变万化的花型组织。
5.研究典型绘图工具算法,并对区域填充算法进行了改进。为解决提花抽针样式不足的问题,研究提花的控制方式,采用由用户自定义每种提花组织的抽针花样并结合条码设定提花颜色种类以及提花顺序的方式,实现千变万化的提花组织。此外,自动花板的子程序功能的提出和实现,解决了引返组织与吓数对应的难题。
6.在自动化横机整机控制方面,针对横机控制部件多,对象复杂的特点,应用分层控制方法。系统由ARM为中心的组织监控级、DSP和CPLD控制的协调控制级和底层执行级组成。本文研究并实现了每级控制的硬件电路和软件编制。分别发挥了ARM、DSP和CPLD各自的功能优势,将复杂的控制结构简单化,对自动化横机进行有效、协调控制。
Full-automatic computerized knitting machine (FACKM) is a kind of high technology equipment in knitting industry. It integrates mechanical design, computer numerical control, knitting process, image processing and software engineering. FACKM brings profound reform in manufacture way, product construction and industrial structural of knit goods. With rapid development of computer technology, advanced manufacturing together with fashionable outer-wearing and seriating of knitting dressing, the computerized flat knitting machine is promoted to develop toward full automation and high intelligence. The present dissertation focuses on some key techniques about how to realize a system of FACKM. It includes the main contents as following.
1. Weave components representing for basic stitches of weft-knitted fabric is studied. An effective and scientific classification of weaving component is studied and the corresponding weaving component libraries are provided. As a result, users can combine weaving movements freely by selecting components from the library to achieve maximum flexibility.
2. Drawing engine technique is studied. A layered design idea of pattern is formed. Weave signs, transfer signs, quantity of transfer needle and jacquard pattern signs are drawn and treated respectively. The system has functions of simplifying and flexible patterns of input and editing, and display. It overcomes disadvantage that all signs are defined as a whole. Consequently, it has maximum convenience.
3. Aiming at flexible multi-layer design idea in the system, drawing engine technique is studied and assorted framework model of new drawing engine is built to manage drawing-layer harmoniously. Knitted loop model based on Perice is studied and improved in order to resolve conflict between three-dimension display of knitted loop and larger Capacity of memory. Geometrical model of knitted loop is built.
4. The realization methods including software platform of pattern preparation system based on layered system and software platform of knitted fabric simulation system based on geometrical loop model are studied. In the pattern preparation system, patterns can be designed and control codes can be produced automatically system. In the latter system, loop conformation can be displayed direct loop width and yarn diameter. And in addition, diverse kinds of pattern will be composed of loop and tuck and float thread.
5. The arithmetic of typical drawing tools based on Windows GDI is studied and edge testing arithmetic is improved. In order to solve efficient in jacquard pattern styles, a method that reeled pattern of each jacquard pattern is defined by user. Moreover, color types and the sequence of jacquard pattern are set by option lines. In this way, we can obtain millions of jacquard pattern. Researching function of subroutine to solve the difficult problem that cite- and- return weave is correspond to the calculation.
6. In the whole control of flat knitting machine, a classification control method is adopted owing to a great lot of control components and complicated control objects. The control system is made up of monitor level, coordinate control level and bottom-level. ARM is the center of monitor-level. DSP and CPLD is responsible for the other two levels. The hardware and software of each level are designed. In this way, the complex structure of control is significantly simplified. Furthermore, effective and coordinated control is completed by ARM and DSP and CPLD used for their advantages respectively.
1.研究表示各类针法的编织符号的分类原则,对编织元件进行科学有效的分类,并建立了与各类编织元件相对应的元件库。用户可方便地从库中查找元件或加入新的编织元件,通过选择元件自由组合编织动作,最大限度的实现了设计的灵活性。
2.研究绘图引擎技术,提出了分层绘图的设计思想。将纱色符号、织法符号、翻针符号、摇床针数和提花符号分层绘制、单独处理,使花型的输入、编辑和显示变得简单、灵活,克服了由于将所有符号定义为一体所带来的问题,实现了绘图的便利性。
3.针对多图层的设计思想,研究类管理技术并建立了新型绘图引擎类结构模型,成功地实现了对图层的统一协调管理。为解决线圈模拟图形显示的立体效果与占用大的内存资源之间的矛盾,建立了基于几何结构的线圈绘图模型。
4.研究了基于分层体系的电脑横机新型花型准备软件平台和基于几何结构的纬编织物线圈模拟软件平台的实现方法。新型花型准备软件平台实现了花型设计、程序指令和控制器代码的自动生成等功能。线圈模拟平台能以图形方式直观地显示针织物的线圈结构形态,还能灵活、方便地将成圈、集圈和浮线三种基本元件组合成千变万化的花型组织。
5.研究典型绘图工具算法,并对区域填充算法进行了改进。为解决提花抽针样式不足的问题,研究提花的控制方式,采用由用户自定义每种提花组织的抽针花样并结合条码设定提花颜色种类以及提花顺序的方式,实现千变万化的提花组织。此外,自动花板的子程序功能的提出和实现,解决了引返组织与吓数对应的难题。
6.在自动化横机整机控制方面,针对横机控制部件多,对象复杂的特点,应用分层控制方法。系统由ARM为中心的组织监控级、DSP和CPLD控制的协调控制级和底层执行级组成。本文研究并实现了每级控制的硬件电路和软件编制。分别发挥了ARM、DSP和CPLD各自的功能优势,将复杂的控制结构简单化,对自动化横机进行有效、协调控制。
Full-automatic computerized knitting machine (FACKM) is a kind of high technology equipment in knitting industry. It integrates mechanical design, computer numerical control, knitting process, image processing and software engineering. FACKM brings profound reform in manufacture way, product construction and industrial structural of knit goods. With rapid development of computer technology, advanced manufacturing together with fashionable outer-wearing and seriating of knitting dressing, the computerized flat knitting machine is promoted to develop toward full automation and high intelligence. The present dissertation focuses on some key techniques about how to realize a system of FACKM. It includes the main contents as following.
1. Weave components representing for basic stitches of weft-knitted fabric is studied. An effective and scientific classification of weaving component is studied and the corresponding weaving component libraries are provided. As a result, users can combine weaving movements freely by selecting components from the library to achieve maximum flexibility.
2. Drawing engine technique is studied. A layered design idea of pattern is formed. Weave signs, transfer signs, quantity of transfer needle and jacquard pattern signs are drawn and treated respectively. The system has functions of simplifying and flexible patterns of input and editing, and display. It overcomes disadvantage that all signs are defined as a whole. Consequently, it has maximum convenience.
3. Aiming at flexible multi-layer design idea in the system, drawing engine technique is studied and assorted framework model of new drawing engine is built to manage drawing-layer harmoniously. Knitted loop model based on Perice is studied and improved in order to resolve conflict between three-dimension display of knitted loop and larger Capacity of memory. Geometrical model of knitted loop is built.
4. The realization methods including software platform of pattern preparation system based on layered system and software platform of knitted fabric simulation system based on geometrical loop model are studied. In the pattern preparation system, patterns can be designed and control codes can be produced automatically system. In the latter system, loop conformation can be displayed direct loop width and yarn diameter. And in addition, diverse kinds of pattern will be composed of loop and tuck and float thread.
5. The arithmetic of typical drawing tools based on Windows GDI is studied and edge testing arithmetic is improved. In order to solve efficient in jacquard pattern styles, a method that reeled pattern of each jacquard pattern is defined by user. Moreover, color types and the sequence of jacquard pattern are set by option lines. In this way, we can obtain millions of jacquard pattern. Researching function of subroutine to solve the difficult problem that cite- and- return weave is correspond to the calculation.
6. In the whole control of flat knitting machine, a classification control method is adopted owing to a great lot of control components and complicated control objects. The control system is made up of monitor level, coordinate control level and bottom-level. ARM is the center of monitor-level. DSP and CPLD is responsible for the other two levels. The hardware and software of each level are designed. In this way, the complex structure of control is significantly simplified. Furthermore, effective and coordinated control is completed by ARM and DSP and CPLD used for their advantages respectively.
引文
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