基于区域导航飞行程序的进场航班排序优化策略
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摘要
空中交通流量的不断增加使得机场终端区发生拥堵的情况日益频繁,终端区进场航班排序优化策略逐步成为相关学者研究的热门课题。学者们在终端区优化排序的问题上都提出了很好的理论建议,但在我国目前却没有真正用于繁忙终端区的相关辅助系统,出现这种问题的一个重要原因,就是在相关理论中,少有将飞行程序与排序优化结合在一起的研究。
飞行程序是航空器在终端区运行的基础,因此在研究终端区相关辅助系统时,飞行程序是个不可忽略的重要因素。在区域导航的大力推广和快速发展的当前,研究区域导航飞行程序下进场航班排序优化策略理论,建立基于区域导航飞行程序的进场航班排序优化辅助系统,将有着非常重要的作用。
本论文将从飞行程序与终端区进场航班优化的结合点出发,创新地研究区域导航飞行程序下进场航班优化排序的特性。并以广州/白云机场RWY02区域导航程序为原型,构建进场航班排序优化演示模型以及终端区进场航班排序优化实时显示模型两种模型。最后从系统角度出发,介绍了基于区域导航飞行程序的进场飞机排序演示系统的相关设计与实现,在此基础之上,对基于区域导航飞行程序的进场航班排序优化实时显示系统的具体实现进行了拓展,包括功能的说明,系统模块的介绍,具体设计方案以及工具的选用。
As the air traffic of the terminal area become more and more frequent because of continuous increase of air traffic flow, then the modification of the aircraft’s arrangement in terminal areas is becoming a hot point to some scholars. Those scholars give some good suggestions about arrangement of aircraft in terminal areas. But we did not have assistant systems which were related to and used for busy terminal areas so far. A significant cause of the problem is that there is few research which combines flight pattern with arrangement modification in the related theory of the arrangement of approaching aircraft. Flight pattern is the basis to the operation of terminal aircraft, and is one of the important factors which should be concerned when ATC guide aircraft to land to runway one by one in terminal areas. So flight pattern should be concerned when we research on related assistant systems. Especially in these days when RNAV is becoming more and more popularized and developing on a high speed, we should research on RNAV flight pattern and tactical theory about arrangement modification of approaching aircraft, and develop an assistant system used for arrangement modification which based on approaching aircraft of RNAV and flight pattern. This system plays a key role in developing the efficiency of operation and increasing the capacity of terminal airspace and guaranteeing the safety of flight.
This article starts with the combination of flight pattern and the arrangement modification of terminal approaching aircraft, and research the characters of tactical arrangement modification implemented to approaching aircraft constructively, which is based on flight pattern by RNAV. We will establish a model to show the arrangement modification of approaching aircraft, and two systematic models to show the arrangement modification of approaching aircraft in terminal areas in time.
At last, this article introduces the related design and implementation based on the system of arranging approaching aircraft navigated by RNAV, and introduces the in-put data block and demonstrated block and the function of showing the result of arrangement in detail. Then according to the demonstrated system, this article makes extention about the implementation of arrangement system to approaching based on RNAV and flight pattern. And this article concludes instructions about function, introduction of blocks, detailed methods of design and tools to choose.
飞行程序是航空器在终端区运行的基础,因此在研究终端区相关辅助系统时,飞行程序是个不可忽略的重要因素。在区域导航的大力推广和快速发展的当前,研究区域导航飞行程序下进场航班排序优化策略理论,建立基于区域导航飞行程序的进场航班排序优化辅助系统,将有着非常重要的作用。
本论文将从飞行程序与终端区进场航班优化的结合点出发,创新地研究区域导航飞行程序下进场航班优化排序的特性。并以广州/白云机场RWY02区域导航程序为原型,构建进场航班排序优化演示模型以及终端区进场航班排序优化实时显示模型两种模型。最后从系统角度出发,介绍了基于区域导航飞行程序的进场飞机排序演示系统的相关设计与实现,在此基础之上,对基于区域导航飞行程序的进场航班排序优化实时显示系统的具体实现进行了拓展,包括功能的说明,系统模块的介绍,具体设计方案以及工具的选用。
As the air traffic of the terminal area become more and more frequent because of continuous increase of air traffic flow, then the modification of the aircraft’s arrangement in terminal areas is becoming a hot point to some scholars. Those scholars give some good suggestions about arrangement of aircraft in terminal areas. But we did not have assistant systems which were related to and used for busy terminal areas so far. A significant cause of the problem is that there is few research which combines flight pattern with arrangement modification in the related theory of the arrangement of approaching aircraft. Flight pattern is the basis to the operation of terminal aircraft, and is one of the important factors which should be concerned when ATC guide aircraft to land to runway one by one in terminal areas. So flight pattern should be concerned when we research on related assistant systems. Especially in these days when RNAV is becoming more and more popularized and developing on a high speed, we should research on RNAV flight pattern and tactical theory about arrangement modification of approaching aircraft, and develop an assistant system used for arrangement modification which based on approaching aircraft of RNAV and flight pattern. This system plays a key role in developing the efficiency of operation and increasing the capacity of terminal airspace and guaranteeing the safety of flight.
This article starts with the combination of flight pattern and the arrangement modification of terminal approaching aircraft, and research the characters of tactical arrangement modification implemented to approaching aircraft constructively, which is based on flight pattern by RNAV. We will establish a model to show the arrangement modification of approaching aircraft, and two systematic models to show the arrangement modification of approaching aircraft in terminal areas in time.
At last, this article introduces the related design and implementation based on the system of arranging approaching aircraft navigated by RNAV, and introduces the in-put data block and demonstrated block and the function of showing the result of arrangement in detail. Then according to the demonstrated system, this article makes extention about the implementation of arrangement system to approaching based on RNAV and flight pattern. And this article concludes instructions about function, introduction of blocks, detailed methods of design and tools to choose.
引文
[1]中国民用航空总局,《2010年全国机场统计公报》[EB/OL] http://www.caac.gov.cn/I1/K3/201103/t20110315_38273.html, 2011-03-15
[2]中国民用航空总局,《中国民用航空发展第十二个五年计划出台》[EB/OL] http://www.caac.gov.cn/A1/201104/t20110411_38847.html, 2011-04-11
[3]刘文泚.区域导航概念的引入及未来的发展前景[J].中国民用航空, 2003
[4]聂建雄. RNAV实施宣讲手册[R],民航中南空管局
[5]中国民用航空局.中国民航基于性能的导航实施路线图1.0版[R], 2009-10
[6]张胜望,方东学. RNAV、RNP-提高民用航空安全水平和经济效益的必由之路[J],航空安全, 2006-05: 31.
[7]中国民用航空总局.区域导航飞行程序实施暂行规定[R], 2004-01
[8]中国民用航空总局.在终端区实施区域导航的适航和运行批准(AC-121FS-13)[R], 2004-01.
[9] Craig M. Johnson. expanded use of PBN:RNAV and RNP,the journal of air traffic control[J], fall 2008
[10] ICAO Doc 9613,Performance-based Navigation (PBN) manual, International Civil Aviation Organization[R],Third edition 2008.
[11] Jeff Williams,Performance-based Navigation: Area Navigation(RNAV)and Required Navigation Performance(RNP), FAA Flight Technologies and Procedures[R], January 9 2007
[12]潘卫军.空中交通管制基础[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社, 2004-12
[13]中国民用航空局.中国民航空中交通管理中长期发展规划[R],1.0版
[14]何鸣寒.我国空中交通管理系统及其发展战略[J].民航管理, 2003: 48
[15]张新军.空中交通流量管理方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2001
[16]中国民用航空局.《中国民用航空空中交通流量管理规则》[R](CCAR—93TM—R2):(第十四章,飞行流量管理)
[17]吕小平.拥挤机场的排队问题和解决[J] .中国民用航空, 2007-09: 76-78
[18]肖德义.雷达管制条件下终端区航空器排序策略分析[J] .空中交通管制, 2008-03: 11-13
[19] A R.Odoni, L.Bianco., The flow management problem in air traffic control Flow Control of Congested Networks [J], New York: Springer, 1987: 269-288
[20] Davis T.J, Krzeczwski K.J. Bergh C. The Final Approach Spacing Tool [J]. California: The 13th IFAC Symposium on Automatic in Aerospace, Palo Alto, 1994
[21] Davis T J, Krzeczwski K J, Bergh C. The Final Approach Spacing Tool[R]. California:The 13th IFAC Symposium on Automatic in Aerospace,Palo Alto,1994.
[22] Luenbugrer.Robert. A Traveling-Salesman-based Approach to Aircraft Scheduling in the Terminal Area,NASA/TM-100061[R]. Mar1988
[23]胡明华,李丹阳,韩松臣.被动空中交通流量管理中飞机等待队列的排序算法[J].南京航空航天大学学报, 2000, 2(1): 85-90
[24]罗军,唐卫贞.进场航空器最优排序模型[J] .科学技术与工程,2006, 6[8]:1159-1162
[25]江波,张飞桥,基于最早预计时刻的进近排序模型及算法[J],西南交通大学学报, 2005, 40(4): 509-512
[26] ErzbergerH, NedellW. Design of Automated System for Management of Arrival Traffic [R]. NASATM102201, 1989
[27] Nauman F, Erzberger H.Analysis of sequencing and scheduling methods for arrival traffic[R].NASA TM102795,1990
[28] Vic Ciesielski, Paul Scerri, An Anytime Algorithm for scheduling Aircraft landing Using Genetic Algorithms,Australian Journal of Intelligent Information Processing System[R], 1997-4: 206-213
[29]徐肖豪,姚源.遗传算法在终端区飞机排序中的应用[J] .交通运输工程学报, 2004, 4[3]: 220-226
[30] Neuman.F, Erzberger.H. Analysis of Delay Reducing and Fuel Savings Sequencing and Spacing Algorithms for Arrival Traffic[R]. NASATM103880, 1991
[31]丁峰,贺尔铭.空中交通自动化管理中飞机等待队列的排序算法[J].西北工业大学学报, 2000, 19(3): 526-531
[32]余江,蒲云.飞机着陆调度优化——带移动时间窗的隐枚举算法[J].系统工程理论方法应用, 2004, 13[2]: 182-186
[33] Robinson J E, Davis T J, Isaacson D R. Fuzzy Reasoning-based Sequencing of Arrival Aircraft in the Terminal Area[R]. New Orleans: The AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, 1997
[34]徐肖豪,李忠诚.模糊模式识别方法在最后进近排序中的应用[J] .中国民航学院学报,2004,22[2]:1-5.
[35]杨秋辉,游志胜,洪玫.基于单机排序问题的降落飞机分组排序方法[J].四川大学学报, 2004, 36[6]:106-110
[36]王东光.《领航学》[M].中国民航飞行学院, 2000
[27] Andreatta.G., Romanin.Jacur., Aircraft flow management under congestion. Transportation Science [J], 1987-21: 249 - 253
[38]朱代武,何光勤.《目视和仪表飞行程序》[M].中国民航飞行学院, 2004
[39] ICAO Doc 8168.《目视和仪表飞行程序设计规范》[R]. 2006
[40]民航总局飞标司AC-121FS-13,《在终端区实施区域导航的适航和运行批准》[R]
[41]马志刚.王宏建.《必备导航性能/区域导航》[J].中国民航飞行学院学院报, 2001, (02)
[42]刘渡辉.《我国区域导航航路和进离场程序设计方法研究》[D].西南交通大学, 2006
[43]唐恒永,赵传立.排序引论[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002: 19~41
[44]寿纪麟.数学建模——方法与范例[M] .西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1995
[45]中国民用航空总局.广州/白云机场机场使用细则[R]
[46]民航中南空管局.广州/白云机场机场区域导航飞行程序汇报[R]. 2006
[47]陈海青.区域导航技术在广州白云机场的应用[D].广东科技, 2007: 330-331
[48]魏光兴等.《通讯导航系统监视设施》[M].西南交通大学, 2004
[49] Bruce Eckel. Thinking In Java.英文第4版[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007
[50]陈轶.姚晓昆. Java程序设计实验指导[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[51] Herbert Schidt. Java参考大全[M].鄢爱兰,鹿江春译.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[52]柳西玲,许斌编著. Java语言应用开发基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[53] Rogers Cadenhead. Java编程入门经典[M].第4版.梅兴文译.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007
[2]中国民用航空总局,《中国民用航空发展第十二个五年计划出台》[EB/OL] http://www.caac.gov.cn/A1/201104/t20110411_38847.html, 2011-04-11
[3]刘文泚.区域导航概念的引入及未来的发展前景[J].中国民用航空, 2003
[4]聂建雄. RNAV实施宣讲手册[R],民航中南空管局
[5]中国民用航空局.中国民航基于性能的导航实施路线图1.0版[R], 2009-10
[6]张胜望,方东学. RNAV、RNP-提高民用航空安全水平和经济效益的必由之路[J],航空安全, 2006-05: 31.
[7]中国民用航空总局.区域导航飞行程序实施暂行规定[R], 2004-01
[8]中国民用航空总局.在终端区实施区域导航的适航和运行批准(AC-121FS-13)[R], 2004-01.
[9] Craig M. Johnson. expanded use of PBN:RNAV and RNP,the journal of air traffic control[J], fall 2008
[10] ICAO Doc 9613,Performance-based Navigation (PBN) manual, International Civil Aviation Organization[R],Third edition 2008.
[11] Jeff Williams,Performance-based Navigation: Area Navigation(RNAV)and Required Navigation Performance(RNP), FAA Flight Technologies and Procedures[R], January 9 2007
[12]潘卫军.空中交通管制基础[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社, 2004-12
[13]中国民用航空局.中国民航空中交通管理中长期发展规划[R],1.0版
[14]何鸣寒.我国空中交通管理系统及其发展战略[J].民航管理, 2003: 48
[15]张新军.空中交通流量管理方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2001
[16]中国民用航空局.《中国民用航空空中交通流量管理规则》[R](CCAR—93TM—R2):(第十四章,飞行流量管理)
[17]吕小平.拥挤机场的排队问题和解决[J] .中国民用航空, 2007-09: 76-78
[18]肖德义.雷达管制条件下终端区航空器排序策略分析[J] .空中交通管制, 2008-03: 11-13
[19] A R.Odoni, L.Bianco., The flow management problem in air traffic control Flow Control of Congested Networks [J], New York: Springer, 1987: 269-288
[20] Davis T.J, Krzeczwski K.J. Bergh C. The Final Approach Spacing Tool [J]. California: The 13th IFAC Symposium on Automatic in Aerospace, Palo Alto, 1994
[21] Davis T J, Krzeczwski K J, Bergh C. The Final Approach Spacing Tool[R]. California:The 13th IFAC Symposium on Automatic in Aerospace,Palo Alto,1994.
[22] Luenbugrer.Robert. A Traveling-Salesman-based Approach to Aircraft Scheduling in the Terminal Area,NASA/TM-100061[R]. Mar1988
[23]胡明华,李丹阳,韩松臣.被动空中交通流量管理中飞机等待队列的排序算法[J].南京航空航天大学学报, 2000, 2(1): 85-90
[24]罗军,唐卫贞.进场航空器最优排序模型[J] .科学技术与工程,2006, 6[8]:1159-1162
[25]江波,张飞桥,基于最早预计时刻的进近排序模型及算法[J],西南交通大学学报, 2005, 40(4): 509-512
[26] ErzbergerH, NedellW. Design of Automated System for Management of Arrival Traffic [R]. NASATM102201, 1989
[27] Nauman F, Erzberger H.Analysis of sequencing and scheduling methods for arrival traffic[R].NASA TM102795,1990
[28] Vic Ciesielski, Paul Scerri, An Anytime Algorithm for scheduling Aircraft landing Using Genetic Algorithms,Australian Journal of Intelligent Information Processing System[R], 1997-4: 206-213
[29]徐肖豪,姚源.遗传算法在终端区飞机排序中的应用[J] .交通运输工程学报, 2004, 4[3]: 220-226
[30] Neuman.F, Erzberger.H. Analysis of Delay Reducing and Fuel Savings Sequencing and Spacing Algorithms for Arrival Traffic[R]. NASATM103880, 1991
[31]丁峰,贺尔铭.空中交通自动化管理中飞机等待队列的排序算法[J].西北工业大学学报, 2000, 19(3): 526-531
[32]余江,蒲云.飞机着陆调度优化——带移动时间窗的隐枚举算法[J].系统工程理论方法应用, 2004, 13[2]: 182-186
[33] Robinson J E, Davis T J, Isaacson D R. Fuzzy Reasoning-based Sequencing of Arrival Aircraft in the Terminal Area[R]. New Orleans: The AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, 1997
[34]徐肖豪,李忠诚.模糊模式识别方法在最后进近排序中的应用[J] .中国民航学院学报,2004,22[2]:1-5.
[35]杨秋辉,游志胜,洪玫.基于单机排序问题的降落飞机分组排序方法[J].四川大学学报, 2004, 36[6]:106-110
[36]王东光.《领航学》[M].中国民航飞行学院, 2000
[27] Andreatta.G., Romanin.Jacur., Aircraft flow management under congestion. Transportation Science [J], 1987-21: 249 - 253
[38]朱代武,何光勤.《目视和仪表飞行程序》[M].中国民航飞行学院, 2004
[39] ICAO Doc 8168.《目视和仪表飞行程序设计规范》[R]. 2006
[40]民航总局飞标司AC-121FS-13,《在终端区实施区域导航的适航和运行批准》[R]
[41]马志刚.王宏建.《必备导航性能/区域导航》[J].中国民航飞行学院学院报, 2001, (02)
[42]刘渡辉.《我国区域导航航路和进离场程序设计方法研究》[D].西南交通大学, 2006
[43]唐恒永,赵传立.排序引论[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002: 19~41
[44]寿纪麟.数学建模——方法与范例[M] .西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1995
[45]中国民用航空总局.广州/白云机场机场使用细则[R]
[46]民航中南空管局.广州/白云机场机场区域导航飞行程序汇报[R]. 2006
[47]陈海青.区域导航技术在广州白云机场的应用[D].广东科技, 2007: 330-331
[48]魏光兴等.《通讯导航系统监视设施》[M].西南交通大学, 2004
[49] Bruce Eckel. Thinking In Java.英文第4版[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007
[50]陈轶.姚晓昆. Java程序设计实验指导[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[51] Herbert Schidt. Java参考大全[M].鄢爱兰,鹿江春译.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[52]柳西玲,许斌编著. Java语言应用开发基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[53] Rogers Cadenhead. Java编程入门经典[M].第4版.梅兴文译.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007