矢量地理数据数字水印模型与算法研究
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摘要
矢量地理数据是国家基础设施建设和地球科学研究的支撑性成果之一,在国家经济、国防建设中占有十分重要的地位。在目前的网络化、数字化时代,矢量地理数据在数据获取、访问、传播、复制等方面更为便捷,矢量地理数据的安全问题特别是数据版权安全问题显得更加突出,如何利用可靠的技术手段来保护矢量地理数据的版权是目前急需解决的重大社会需求。
数字水印技术是近年来发展起来的信息安全前沿技术,是保护矢量地理数据安全的有效手段。本文从矢量地理数据水印技术的特征分析出发,运用小波变换、集合映射、常函数、数理统计等数学理论,对矢量地理数据数字水印模型和算法进行了深入的研究,主要研究成果如下:
(1)基于矢量地理数据自身的特征,阐述了矢量地理数据水印技术的特点。分析了水印攻击对矢量地理数据的影响,对矢量地理数据水印攻击进行了分类,探讨了抵抗不同攻击方式的水印算法设计的基本策略。
(2)基于矢量地理数据特点分析,提出三种不同的矢量地理数据非盲水印算法。通过把水印信息嵌入到数据的特征点中提出了一种抗数据压缩的矢量地理数据水印算法;在线状数据中插入冗余点,通过冗余点在线状数据上的移动来嵌入水印信息,提出了一种保持几何形状的矢量地理数据水印算法;基于小波变换,利用分段嵌入思想,提出了一种基于小波变换的矢量地理数据水印算法。
(3)通过矢量地理数据水印嵌入和提取过程中关键技术分析,基于集合映射思想,提出了一种矢量地理数据水印嵌入和提取模型,可用于指导矢量地理数据水印算法的设计与实现;在水印嵌入和提取模型的基础之上,利用无意义水印信息生成技术,提出了一种适合于小数据量数据且能有效抵抗数据增删攻击的矢量地理数据水印算法。
(4)利用量化规则的对称性特点,采用匹配检测方法,提出了一种抵抗数据平移攻击的矢量地理数据空域水印算法,算法能抵抗数据增删和数据平移组成的复合攻击;基于常函数对于某些几何变换具有的不变特性,推证了一个平移、旋转、放缩变换下的常函数,提出了一种能抵抗几何变换矢量地理数据水印算法,算法能有效抵抗数据增删、平移、旋转、放缩以及以上攻击组成的复合攻击。
(5)分析了矢量地理数据水印攻击中拼接攻击的特点,探讨了抗数据拼接攻击的基本对策。通过单点检测结果的可视化显示,提出了一种基于单点检测可视化的交互式水印提取和检测算法;为了实现批量的自动化水印检测,通过网格划分的检测方法,提出了基于网格划分-检测-合并的抗拼接攻击矢量地理数据水印算法。提出的抗拼接攻击水印算法能从各种不同方式的拼接攻击中有效检测到水印信息。
(6)提出了一种矢量地理数据鲁棒水印检测算法,解决了矢量地理数据盲水印检测过程中检测阈值的设定问题,并通过实验验证了检测算法的合理性;提出了一种矢量地理数据自检测水印算法,解决了在没有原始水印信息的情况下,如何有效判断载体数据是否含有水印信息的问题。
(7)分析了水印嵌入对矢量地理数据水印可用性的影响,顾及水印数据的可用性,构建了四种基本的空间约束规则,进而建立了顾及空间约束的矢量地理数据水印嵌入策略。
(8)基于水印模型和算法的研究,设计了三层次水印系统整体框架,实现了矢量地理数据数字水印原型系统,并阐述了系统的主要功能。
Vector geographic data is one of the supportive achievements in the field of national infrastructure and geosciences research, and plays a significant role in national economy and defenses. With the development of internetwork and computer technology, the acquisition, access, dissemination and copying of vector geographic data are more and more convenient, thus an important issue that arises in the security and copyright issues of vector geographic data is becoming increasingly salient. How to use feasible technology to secure the copyright protection of vector geographic data is a major social need which is urgently needed to resolve.
Digital watermarking technology is a new information security technology, and can provide a feasible and practical solution for the copyright protection for the vector geographic data. The characteristics of vector geographic data watermark technology are analyzed, and the digital watermarking models and algorithms for vector geographic data are studied based on wavelet transform, collection mappings, constant function, and mathematical statistics and so on. The main results are as follows:
(1) Based on the own characteristics of the vector geographic data, the characteristics of the digital watermarking technology for vector geographic data is analyzed; this paper classify the watermarking attack of vector geographic data through the analysis of the impacts of different watermarking attack; the design strategies of watermarking algorithm against different attacks are discussed.
(2) Based on the characteristics of vector geographic data, three different watermarking algorithms for vector geographic data are proposed. A vector geographic data watermarking algorithm resisted data compression is proposed by embedding watermark into feature points; a high-fidelity vector geographic data watermarking algorithm is proposed through embedding watermark in the moving redundant points that inserting into line segment; a watermarking algorithm for vector geographic data is proposed based on the wavelet transform and the segment-embedding thinking.
(3) Through the analysis of the key technology of watermark embedding and extracting, a watermarking model for vector geographic data is proposed based on set mappings thought, the model can be used to guide the design and implementation of vector geographical data watermarking algorithm. Based on the proposed model and non-mean watermark generation, a watermarking algorithm adapted small data for vector geographic data is proposed, the proposed algorithm can resist data adding and deleting attacks.
(4) A watermarking algorithm for vector geographical data resisted data translation is proposed based on the symmetry characteristics of quantitative rules and the match detection method, the proposed algorithm can resist data adding and deleting attacks and also can resist compound attacks composed of data translation ,data adding and data deleting attacks. Based on invariant function has non-denatured for some of the transform, a invariant function under translation, rotation, scale transformation is derived, then a watermarking algorithm resist geometrical transform is proposed, which can resist data adding, data deleting, data translation, data rotation, data scaling and complex attacks composited of above attacks.
(5) The characteristics of splicing attack is analyzed, basic strategies resist splicing attack are discussed. By visualizing the single point detecting result, a interactive watermark detection algorithm resists splicing attack is proposed; in order to achieve automation and batch watermark detection, a watermark detection based on method of meshing-detection-merging which also resist splicing attack is proposed. The proposed algorithms can detect watermark exactly from the watermark data which suffer different types of data splicing attacks.
(6) A robust watermark detection algorithm is proposed, which solves the problem of setting detection threshold, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is adapted to vector geographical data. A self-detection watermarking algorithm for vector geographical data is proposed, which can be used to judge whether there is watermark in the vector geographical data.
(7) The impact of watermarking to the usability of watermark vector geographical data is analyzed, considering the usability of watermark-data, four types of spatial constraint rules are established, and a watermark embedding strategy is constructed based on the space constraint rules.
(8) Based on the research of watermarking models and algorithms, a three-level framework for watermarking system is designed, digital watermarking prototype system for vector geographical data is constructed, and the main function of the digital watermarking system for vector geographical data is introduced.
数字水印技术是近年来发展起来的信息安全前沿技术,是保护矢量地理数据安全的有效手段。本文从矢量地理数据水印技术的特征分析出发,运用小波变换、集合映射、常函数、数理统计等数学理论,对矢量地理数据数字水印模型和算法进行了深入的研究,主要研究成果如下:
(1)基于矢量地理数据自身的特征,阐述了矢量地理数据水印技术的特点。分析了水印攻击对矢量地理数据的影响,对矢量地理数据水印攻击进行了分类,探讨了抵抗不同攻击方式的水印算法设计的基本策略。
(2)基于矢量地理数据特点分析,提出三种不同的矢量地理数据非盲水印算法。通过把水印信息嵌入到数据的特征点中提出了一种抗数据压缩的矢量地理数据水印算法;在线状数据中插入冗余点,通过冗余点在线状数据上的移动来嵌入水印信息,提出了一种保持几何形状的矢量地理数据水印算法;基于小波变换,利用分段嵌入思想,提出了一种基于小波变换的矢量地理数据水印算法。
(3)通过矢量地理数据水印嵌入和提取过程中关键技术分析,基于集合映射思想,提出了一种矢量地理数据水印嵌入和提取模型,可用于指导矢量地理数据水印算法的设计与实现;在水印嵌入和提取模型的基础之上,利用无意义水印信息生成技术,提出了一种适合于小数据量数据且能有效抵抗数据增删攻击的矢量地理数据水印算法。
(4)利用量化规则的对称性特点,采用匹配检测方法,提出了一种抵抗数据平移攻击的矢量地理数据空域水印算法,算法能抵抗数据增删和数据平移组成的复合攻击;基于常函数对于某些几何变换具有的不变特性,推证了一个平移、旋转、放缩变换下的常函数,提出了一种能抵抗几何变换矢量地理数据水印算法,算法能有效抵抗数据增删、平移、旋转、放缩以及以上攻击组成的复合攻击。
(5)分析了矢量地理数据水印攻击中拼接攻击的特点,探讨了抗数据拼接攻击的基本对策。通过单点检测结果的可视化显示,提出了一种基于单点检测可视化的交互式水印提取和检测算法;为了实现批量的自动化水印检测,通过网格划分的检测方法,提出了基于网格划分-检测-合并的抗拼接攻击矢量地理数据水印算法。提出的抗拼接攻击水印算法能从各种不同方式的拼接攻击中有效检测到水印信息。
(6)提出了一种矢量地理数据鲁棒水印检测算法,解决了矢量地理数据盲水印检测过程中检测阈值的设定问题,并通过实验验证了检测算法的合理性;提出了一种矢量地理数据自检测水印算法,解决了在没有原始水印信息的情况下,如何有效判断载体数据是否含有水印信息的问题。
(7)分析了水印嵌入对矢量地理数据水印可用性的影响,顾及水印数据的可用性,构建了四种基本的空间约束规则,进而建立了顾及空间约束的矢量地理数据水印嵌入策略。
(8)基于水印模型和算法的研究,设计了三层次水印系统整体框架,实现了矢量地理数据数字水印原型系统,并阐述了系统的主要功能。
Vector geographic data is one of the supportive achievements in the field of national infrastructure and geosciences research, and plays a significant role in national economy and defenses. With the development of internetwork and computer technology, the acquisition, access, dissemination and copying of vector geographic data are more and more convenient, thus an important issue that arises in the security and copyright issues of vector geographic data is becoming increasingly salient. How to use feasible technology to secure the copyright protection of vector geographic data is a major social need which is urgently needed to resolve.
Digital watermarking technology is a new information security technology, and can provide a feasible and practical solution for the copyright protection for the vector geographic data. The characteristics of vector geographic data watermark technology are analyzed, and the digital watermarking models and algorithms for vector geographic data are studied based on wavelet transform, collection mappings, constant function, and mathematical statistics and so on. The main results are as follows:
(1) Based on the own characteristics of the vector geographic data, the characteristics of the digital watermarking technology for vector geographic data is analyzed; this paper classify the watermarking attack of vector geographic data through the analysis of the impacts of different watermarking attack; the design strategies of watermarking algorithm against different attacks are discussed.
(2) Based on the characteristics of vector geographic data, three different watermarking algorithms for vector geographic data are proposed. A vector geographic data watermarking algorithm resisted data compression is proposed by embedding watermark into feature points; a high-fidelity vector geographic data watermarking algorithm is proposed through embedding watermark in the moving redundant points that inserting into line segment; a watermarking algorithm for vector geographic data is proposed based on the wavelet transform and the segment-embedding thinking.
(3) Through the analysis of the key technology of watermark embedding and extracting, a watermarking model for vector geographic data is proposed based on set mappings thought, the model can be used to guide the design and implementation of vector geographical data watermarking algorithm. Based on the proposed model and non-mean watermark generation, a watermarking algorithm adapted small data for vector geographic data is proposed, the proposed algorithm can resist data adding and deleting attacks.
(4) A watermarking algorithm for vector geographical data resisted data translation is proposed based on the symmetry characteristics of quantitative rules and the match detection method, the proposed algorithm can resist data adding and deleting attacks and also can resist compound attacks composed of data translation ,data adding and data deleting attacks. Based on invariant function has non-denatured for some of the transform, a invariant function under translation, rotation, scale transformation is derived, then a watermarking algorithm resist geometrical transform is proposed, which can resist data adding, data deleting, data translation, data rotation, data scaling and complex attacks composited of above attacks.
(5) The characteristics of splicing attack is analyzed, basic strategies resist splicing attack are discussed. By visualizing the single point detecting result, a interactive watermark detection algorithm resists splicing attack is proposed; in order to achieve automation and batch watermark detection, a watermark detection based on method of meshing-detection-merging which also resist splicing attack is proposed. The proposed algorithms can detect watermark exactly from the watermark data which suffer different types of data splicing attacks.
(6) A robust watermark detection algorithm is proposed, which solves the problem of setting detection threshold, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is adapted to vector geographical data. A self-detection watermarking algorithm for vector geographical data is proposed, which can be used to judge whether there is watermark in the vector geographical data.
(7) The impact of watermarking to the usability of watermark vector geographical data is analyzed, considering the usability of watermark-data, four types of spatial constraint rules are established, and a watermark embedding strategy is constructed based on the space constraint rules.
(8) Based on the research of watermarking models and algorithms, a three-level framework for watermarking system is designed, digital watermarking prototype system for vector geographical data is constructed, and the main function of the digital watermarking system for vector geographical data is introduced.
引文
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