超长混凝土结构收缩裂缝控制研究
摘要
目前，混凝土结构因荷载和温度引起的裂缝可利用较成熟的设计理论得到有效控制，而收缩引起的裂缝在工程实践中屡见不鲜，威胁到混凝土结构的耐久性，甚至适用性、安全性。尤其是超长混凝土结构壁厚较薄时，收缩更是混凝土开裂的主要诱因。
本文针对超长混凝土结构收缩裂缝问题，对双掺粉煤灰、矿粉混凝土进行了收缩试验研究、干缩预测模型研究、试件及钢筋混凝土结构的收缩有限元模拟。具体研究工作如下：
通过自然环境下不同配合比的混凝土自由收缩试验，分析粉煤灰、矿粉、膨胀剂和纤维对混凝土收缩性能的影响。试验结果表明：粉煤灰对混凝土收缩的抑制效果显著，矿粉抑制作用不明显，存在最佳掺量；单掺或者双掺膨胀剂和聚丙烯纤维均可有效抑制混凝土收缩，双掺时减缩效果最佳，单掺UEA膨胀剂的效果其次，单掺聚丙烯纤维的效果有限。
采用既有混凝土干缩预测模型，计算不含膨胀剂或纤维的混凝土试件的干缩应变，计算值与实测值的比较表明，既有模型不能较好地反映粉煤灰和矿粉掺量对混凝土干缩的影响。在对既有模型分析、校正的基础上，根据早期试验结果提出了考虑粉煤灰和矿粉掺量影响的混凝土干缩模型，模型预测精度较高。
基于非线性湿扩散理论，采用ANSYS软件，对不含膨胀剂或纤维的混凝土试件进行有限元模拟和计算参数反演。模拟结果表明：混凝土干燥时，试件表面湿度梯度大于内部，试件表面湿度小于内部，且各处湿度随时间逐渐减小；环境湿度对混凝土收缩的影响较显著，湿养护时间对短期收缩有影响，对长期收缩几乎无影响。参数反演结果表明：混凝土收缩对饱和状态下的湿扩散系数不敏感，CEB-FIP (1990)模式规范建议的湿扩散系数模型合理可行。
利用试验有限元模拟反演得出的计算参数，对超长井口槽结构进行有限元模拟，探讨优化混凝土配合比及设置混凝土后浇带对结构湿度场和收缩裂缝的影响。分析结果表明，优化混凝土配合比可减缓混凝土内部湿度扩散，明显推迟裂缝出现时间及结构大面积开裂的时间，抗裂效果显著。后浇带的设置仅影响后浇带处局部区域的湿度场，略微推迟裂缝出现时间或开裂面积，抗裂效果不如优化混凝土配合比明显。
At present, the cracks in concrete structures due to load or temperature variationhave been efficiently controlled, attributed to well-established design theories.However, cracks due to conrete shrinkage always arise in many engineering structures,which threaten the durability of the structures even the serviceability and safety.Concrete shrinkage is the most important inducement to cracks for the super-longstructures with thin-wall.
Focusing on the concrete cracking due to shrinkage in super-long structures, freeshrinkage tests of concrete blended with fly ash and slag are conducted, analysis ofdrying shrinkage prediction models and finite elment simulation for specimens andthe super-long reinforced concrete strucrue are performed in this reseach. The detailedwork is stated as follows:
According to the shrinkage tests of concrete blended with fly ash and groundgranulated blast furnace slag in natural environments, the effects of fly ash contentand slag content on concrete shrinkage were investigated. It is shown that theshrinkage decreases as the fly ash content heightens whereas the influence of slagcontent on shrinkage is unobvious from the results. Incorporating the expansiveadditive or the polypropylene fiber can also decrease the shrinkage. The effect ofbinary mixture on shrinkage reducing is the most efficient. The expansive additiveused individually reduces shrinkage more than the polypropylene fiber individually,but reduces little than those used in combination.
The national and overseas prediction models have been applied to calculate thedrying shrinkage for the specimens without the expansive additive or thepolypropylene fiber. It is shown that none of the shrinkage prediction modelsadequately reproduces the observed shrinkage behaviour of concrete made with flyash and slag from the comparison between the tests and the calculation. According tothe short-term experimental data, a new prediction model contaning the effect of flyash and slag is established by calibrating and modifying the existing shrinkage models.The predicted shrinkage strains from the proposed model agree well with themeasured.
On the basis of the nonlinear moisture diffusion theory, the finite elementmodeling of shrinkage tests and inverse analysis of related calculation parameters for the concrete without the expansive additive or the fiber are conducted by ANSYS. It isshown that the humidity gradient of outer region is more than that of inner region inconcrete during drying from the simulation results. However the relative humidity ofouter region is less than that of inner and they gradually decreases with drying timeeverywhere. The environmental humidity significantly influences the shrinkageevolution while the period of moisture curing influences the short-term shrinkage only.It is shown that the drying shrinkage is insensitive to the maximum of the diffusioncoefficient and the suggestion on the diffusion coefficient in the CEB-FIP (1990)Model Code is practicable and reliable from the inverse analysis results.
The finite element modeling of the super-long wellhead structure is performedused the identified parameters values. The influences of the optimization of mixproportion as well as the setting of post-casting strip on the moisture field andshrinkage-induced cracks in the wellhead structure are discussed. The results showthat the cracking time can be significantly delayed by the optimization of mixproportion due to the slower moisture diffusion, but post-casting strip can slightlydelayed the cracking time or reduce the cracking area for it influences the moisturefield around the strip only. The effect of cracking resistance by the post-casting strip issmaller than by the optimization of mix proportion.
本文针对超长混凝土结构收缩裂缝问题，对双掺粉煤灰、矿粉混凝土进行了收缩试验研究、干缩预测模型研究、试件及钢筋混凝土结构的收缩有限元模拟。具体研究工作如下：
通过自然环境下不同配合比的混凝土自由收缩试验，分析粉煤灰、矿粉、膨胀剂和纤维对混凝土收缩性能的影响。试验结果表明：粉煤灰对混凝土收缩的抑制效果显著，矿粉抑制作用不明显，存在最佳掺量；单掺或者双掺膨胀剂和聚丙烯纤维均可有效抑制混凝土收缩，双掺时减缩效果最佳，单掺UEA膨胀剂的效果其次，单掺聚丙烯纤维的效果有限。
采用既有混凝土干缩预测模型，计算不含膨胀剂或纤维的混凝土试件的干缩应变，计算值与实测值的比较表明，既有模型不能较好地反映粉煤灰和矿粉掺量对混凝土干缩的影响。在对既有模型分析、校正的基础上，根据早期试验结果提出了考虑粉煤灰和矿粉掺量影响的混凝土干缩模型，模型预测精度较高。
基于非线性湿扩散理论，采用ANSYS软件，对不含膨胀剂或纤维的混凝土试件进行有限元模拟和计算参数反演。模拟结果表明：混凝土干燥时，试件表面湿度梯度大于内部，试件表面湿度小于内部，且各处湿度随时间逐渐减小；环境湿度对混凝土收缩的影响较显著，湿养护时间对短期收缩有影响，对长期收缩几乎无影响。参数反演结果表明：混凝土收缩对饱和状态下的湿扩散系数不敏感，CEB-FIP (1990)模式规范建议的湿扩散系数模型合理可行。
利用试验有限元模拟反演得出的计算参数，对超长井口槽结构进行有限元模拟，探讨优化混凝土配合比及设置混凝土后浇带对结构湿度场和收缩裂缝的影响。分析结果表明，优化混凝土配合比可减缓混凝土内部湿度扩散，明显推迟裂缝出现时间及结构大面积开裂的时间，抗裂效果显著。后浇带的设置仅影响后浇带处局部区域的湿度场，略微推迟裂缝出现时间或开裂面积，抗裂效果不如优化混凝土配合比明显。
At present, the cracks in concrete structures due to load or temperature variationhave been efficiently controlled, attributed to well-established design theories.However, cracks due to conrete shrinkage always arise in many engineering structures,which threaten the durability of the structures even the serviceability and safety.Concrete shrinkage is the most important inducement to cracks for the super-longstructures with thin-wall.
Focusing on the concrete cracking due to shrinkage in super-long structures, freeshrinkage tests of concrete blended with fly ash and slag are conducted, analysis ofdrying shrinkage prediction models and finite elment simulation for specimens andthe super-long reinforced concrete strucrue are performed in this reseach. The detailedwork is stated as follows:
According to the shrinkage tests of concrete blended with fly ash and groundgranulated blast furnace slag in natural environments, the effects of fly ash contentand slag content on concrete shrinkage were investigated. It is shown that theshrinkage decreases as the fly ash content heightens whereas the influence of slagcontent on shrinkage is unobvious from the results. Incorporating the expansiveadditive or the polypropylene fiber can also decrease the shrinkage. The effect ofbinary mixture on shrinkage reducing is the most efficient. The expansive additiveused individually reduces shrinkage more than the polypropylene fiber individually,but reduces little than those used in combination.
The national and overseas prediction models have been applied to calculate thedrying shrinkage for the specimens without the expansive additive or thepolypropylene fiber. It is shown that none of the shrinkage prediction modelsadequately reproduces the observed shrinkage behaviour of concrete made with flyash and slag from the comparison between the tests and the calculation. According tothe short-term experimental data, a new prediction model contaning the effect of flyash and slag is established by calibrating and modifying the existing shrinkage models.The predicted shrinkage strains from the proposed model agree well with themeasured.
On the basis of the nonlinear moisture diffusion theory, the finite elementmodeling of shrinkage tests and inverse analysis of related calculation parameters for the concrete without the expansive additive or the fiber are conducted by ANSYS. It isshown that the humidity gradient of outer region is more than that of inner region inconcrete during drying from the simulation results. However the relative humidity ofouter region is less than that of inner and they gradually decreases with drying timeeverywhere. The environmental humidity significantly influences the shrinkageevolution while the period of moisture curing influences the short-term shrinkage only.It is shown that the drying shrinkage is insensitive to the maximum of the diffusioncoefficient and the suggestion on the diffusion coefficient in the CEB-FIP (1990)Model Code is practicable and reliable from the inverse analysis results.
The finite element modeling of the super-long wellhead structure is performedused the identified parameters values. The influences of the optimization of mixproportion as well as the setting of post-casting strip on the moisture field andshrinkage-induced cracks in the wellhead structure are discussed. The results showthat the cracking time can be significantly delayed by the optimization of mixproportion due to the slower moisture diffusion, but post-casting strip can slightlydelayed the cracking time or reduce the cracking area for it influences the moisturefield around the strip only. The effect of cracking resistance by the post-casting strip issmaller than by the optimization of mix proportion.
引文
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