天然纤维LS-SBBR工艺强化生物除磷与自养脱氮研究
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摘要
污水排放中的氮、磷是造成水体富营养化的主要因素，国内外城镇污水处理厂出水的氮、磷排放标准日趋严格。新型生物膜反应器以其结构简单、污泥产量少、除磷脱氮效果较好等优点，重新成为污水强化生物除磷脱氮处理领域工程应用和研究的热点之一。
论文采用以多孔网状天然纤维丝瓜络(Luffa sponge，LS)为填料的序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)新工艺(LS-SBBR)进行了城市生活污水和中晚期垃圾渗滤处理的试验研究，对LS-SBBR和分置式重力流膜生物反应器(GS-MBR)生活污水处理中反硝化除磷作用进行了比较，并详细考察了LS-SBBR工艺低碳生活污水处理运行的稳定性以及高氨氮垃圾渗滤液生物膜自养脱氮处理效果及其影响因素。
在LS-SBBR工艺处理低碳生活污水的试验研究中，LS-SBBR挂膜启动迅速，在试验阶段Ⅰ中COD，NH_4~+-N，TP和TN的处理效率分别达到了71.18％，85.01％，58.19％和64.45％。在随后的阶段Ⅱ中大型后生动物仙女虫在反应器内富集，导致生物膜厚度减少，COD去除率下降至56.11％，出水中有明显的TP、TN释放，其释放率分别达到了92.92％和33.45％，但对硝化过程没有不良影响，NH_4~+-N的去除率由阶段Ⅰ的85.01％上升至95.56％。在阶段Ⅲ中，通过有效控制仙女虫数量，LS-SBBR反应器恢复处理效果。天然纤维LS在污水生物处理中，其本身N、P等营养元素分别由0.3646％和0.0646％下降至0.0378％和0.0238％；试验结果表明LS填料中N、P等物质的释放对生物处理出水没有不良影响。
在LS-SBBR与GS-MBR均采用A~2O方式运行处理污水时，均实现了反硝化除磷作用；处理出水均达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)》中一级A标准；LS-SBBR工艺缺氧段反硝化吸磷量为好氧段吸磷量的39.97％，而GS-MBR工艺为7.12％；GS-MBR工艺缺氧吸磷率较弱的原因是MBR缺氧段缺乏储能物质PHB，致其吸磷和合成聚磷的能力减弱而造成。
在LS-SBBR工艺处理城市中晚期垃圾渗滤液的试验研究中，采用联合混凝与两级LS-SBBR工艺组合，两级LS-SBBR中均出现了生物膜内好氧亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化脱氮(CANON)现象。试验结果表明：当一级LS-SBBR进水NH_4~+-N负荷为0.104kgNH_4~+-N／(m~3·d)，温度在30℃以上，DO为1.29mg／L，游离氨浓度为7.2mg／L时，生物膜内好氧亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化脱氮效果明显，此时反应器内NO_2~--N积累率为48.90％；当一级LS-SBBR进水NH_4~+-N负荷平均为0.229kgNH_4~+-N／(m~3·d)时，两级LS-SBBRCOD平均去除率为64.04％，NH_4~+-N去除率可逐步提高至72.45％。
Discharges of phosphate and nitrogen in the effluent from wastewater treatment plants was becoming the primary factor of eutrophication, and the effluent standards were more and more strict. There are various of novel biofilm wastewater treating bioreactor were developed with simple configuration, low sludge production and effective of phosphate and nitrogen removal. Nowadays the biofilm bioreactor rebecome one of the important research aspect in enhanced biological phosphate removal(EBPR).
For its netting-like fibrous vascular structural system, the natural fiber, Luffa cylindrical sponge (LS), was utilized as the biofilm support media in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (LS-SBBR). Experiments on enhanced biological phosphate and nitrogen removal were carried out to disposal the municipal wastewater and metaphase-later landfill leachate with LS-SBBR. Moreover, comparative effect of denitrifying phosphate removal in LS-SBBR and side-stream MBR with gravitation filtration system (GS-MBR) was developed both in lab scale experiments, with comparative experiments on the effect of phosphate uptake in aerobic and anoxic conditions. Investigation of the operational stability with LS-SBBR during the municipal wastewater treatment and the disposal effect of landfill leachate as well as its influence factors under completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process (CANON) were implemented simultaneously with the experiments.
For its porous biological structural speciality, SBBR with Luffa cylindrical sponge media accomplished biofilm forming in less than a week in the light of the operation mode in the experiment of minucipal wastewater treatment, followed an average removal of COD, NH_4~+-N, TP and TN were 71.18%, 85.01%, 58.19% and 64.45%, respectively. At the following operation period, Nais elinguis appeared in the LS-SBBR system, thus induced reduction of the thickness of biofilm and the removal rate of COD decreased to 56.11%. At meantime, TN and TP were released obviously, the releasing rate of TP and TN was 92.92% and 33.45%, respectively, in the appearance of Nais elinguis. While the grazing of Nais elinguis did not influenced the ammonia oxidation and could strengthened it to an extent, NH_4~+-N removal was enhanced from 85.01% to 95.56% in this operation period. The performance of domestic wastewater treatment in LS-SBBR was resumed through discharging excess Nais elinguis. The average nutrient element concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus of Luffa cylindrical sponge was 0.3646% and 0.0646%, respectively, while after the experiment these values decreased to 0.0378% and 0.0238%, respectively, in average. However, the releasing extent of nitrogen and phosphorus from Luffa cylindrical sponge fibers, contrasted to the domestic wastewater disposal under its influent and effluent frequently, as well as organic components, could be eliminated from LS-SBBR system according to research results .
LS-SBBR and GS-MBR had realized dentrifying phosphate and nitrogen removal under anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic operational mode in comparative biological nutriment removal tests. Quantity of phosphate uptake in anoxic period to aerobic was 39.97% in LS-SBBR while the value was merely 7.12% refer to the GS-MBR. The feebleness phosphate uptake of GS-MBR was the lack of PHB in anoxic period, thus weakened the absorption of phosphate and the anabolism of polyphosphate.
Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) was observed in the two-staged sequencing batch bioflim reactor (SBBR) in the experiment of landfill leachate treatment with coagulating pretreatment. The experiment results indicated that the most suitable condition for CANON process was as follows: the volumetric loading of NH_4~+-N was 0.104 kg NH_4~+-N/(m~3·d), the SBBR system temperature above 30℃, DO 1.29mg/L, the free ammonia nitrogen 7.2mg/L, and the accumulation rate of NO_2~--N 48.90%. When the influent loading rate of NH_4~+-N of the first SBBR reached steadily at 0.229 kg NH_4~+-N /(m~3·d), the averaged COD removal was 64.04%, meanwhile the NH_4~+-N removal increased to 72.45%.
论文采用以多孔网状天然纤维丝瓜络(Luffa sponge，LS)为填料的序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)新工艺(LS-SBBR)进行了城市生活污水和中晚期垃圾渗滤处理的试验研究，对LS-SBBR和分置式重力流膜生物反应器(GS-MBR)生活污水处理中反硝化除磷作用进行了比较，并详细考察了LS-SBBR工艺低碳生活污水处理运行的稳定性以及高氨氮垃圾渗滤液生物膜自养脱氮处理效果及其影响因素。
在LS-SBBR工艺处理低碳生活污水的试验研究中，LS-SBBR挂膜启动迅速，在试验阶段Ⅰ中COD，NH_4~+-N，TP和TN的处理效率分别达到了71.18％，85.01％，58.19％和64.45％。在随后的阶段Ⅱ中大型后生动物仙女虫在反应器内富集，导致生物膜厚度减少，COD去除率下降至56.11％，出水中有明显的TP、TN释放，其释放率分别达到了92.92％和33.45％，但对硝化过程没有不良影响，NH_4~+-N的去除率由阶段Ⅰ的85.01％上升至95.56％。在阶段Ⅲ中，通过有效控制仙女虫数量，LS-SBBR反应器恢复处理效果。天然纤维LS在污水生物处理中，其本身N、P等营养元素分别由0.3646％和0.0646％下降至0.0378％和0.0238％；试验结果表明LS填料中N、P等物质的释放对生物处理出水没有不良影响。
在LS-SBBR与GS-MBR均采用A~2O方式运行处理污水时，均实现了反硝化除磷作用；处理出水均达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)》中一级A标准；LS-SBBR工艺缺氧段反硝化吸磷量为好氧段吸磷量的39.97％，而GS-MBR工艺为7.12％；GS-MBR工艺缺氧吸磷率较弱的原因是MBR缺氧段缺乏储能物质PHB，致其吸磷和合成聚磷的能力减弱而造成。
在LS-SBBR工艺处理城市中晚期垃圾渗滤液的试验研究中，采用联合混凝与两级LS-SBBR工艺组合，两级LS-SBBR中均出现了生物膜内好氧亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化脱氮(CANON)现象。试验结果表明：当一级LS-SBBR进水NH_4~+-N负荷为0.104kgNH_4~+-N／(m~3·d)，温度在30℃以上，DO为1.29mg／L，游离氨浓度为7.2mg／L时，生物膜内好氧亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化脱氮效果明显，此时反应器内NO_2~--N积累率为48.90％；当一级LS-SBBR进水NH_4~+-N负荷平均为0.229kgNH_4~+-N／(m~3·d)时，两级LS-SBBRCOD平均去除率为64.04％，NH_4~+-N去除率可逐步提高至72.45％。
Discharges of phosphate and nitrogen in the effluent from wastewater treatment plants was becoming the primary factor of eutrophication, and the effluent standards were more and more strict. There are various of novel biofilm wastewater treating bioreactor were developed with simple configuration, low sludge production and effective of phosphate and nitrogen removal. Nowadays the biofilm bioreactor rebecome one of the important research aspect in enhanced biological phosphate removal(EBPR).
For its netting-like fibrous vascular structural system, the natural fiber, Luffa cylindrical sponge (LS), was utilized as the biofilm support media in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (LS-SBBR). Experiments on enhanced biological phosphate and nitrogen removal were carried out to disposal the municipal wastewater and metaphase-later landfill leachate with LS-SBBR. Moreover, comparative effect of denitrifying phosphate removal in LS-SBBR and side-stream MBR with gravitation filtration system (GS-MBR) was developed both in lab scale experiments, with comparative experiments on the effect of phosphate uptake in aerobic and anoxic conditions. Investigation of the operational stability with LS-SBBR during the municipal wastewater treatment and the disposal effect of landfill leachate as well as its influence factors under completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process (CANON) were implemented simultaneously with the experiments.
For its porous biological structural speciality, SBBR with Luffa cylindrical sponge media accomplished biofilm forming in less than a week in the light of the operation mode in the experiment of minucipal wastewater treatment, followed an average removal of COD, NH_4~+-N, TP and TN were 71.18%, 85.01%, 58.19% and 64.45%, respectively. At the following operation period, Nais elinguis appeared in the LS-SBBR system, thus induced reduction of the thickness of biofilm and the removal rate of COD decreased to 56.11%. At meantime, TN and TP were released obviously, the releasing rate of TP and TN was 92.92% and 33.45%, respectively, in the appearance of Nais elinguis. While the grazing of Nais elinguis did not influenced the ammonia oxidation and could strengthened it to an extent, NH_4~+-N removal was enhanced from 85.01% to 95.56% in this operation period. The performance of domestic wastewater treatment in LS-SBBR was resumed through discharging excess Nais elinguis. The average nutrient element concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus of Luffa cylindrical sponge was 0.3646% and 0.0646%, respectively, while after the experiment these values decreased to 0.0378% and 0.0238%, respectively, in average. However, the releasing extent of nitrogen and phosphorus from Luffa cylindrical sponge fibers, contrasted to the domestic wastewater disposal under its influent and effluent frequently, as well as organic components, could be eliminated from LS-SBBR system according to research results .
LS-SBBR and GS-MBR had realized dentrifying phosphate and nitrogen removal under anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic operational mode in comparative biological nutriment removal tests. Quantity of phosphate uptake in anoxic period to aerobic was 39.97% in LS-SBBR while the value was merely 7.12% refer to the GS-MBR. The feebleness phosphate uptake of GS-MBR was the lack of PHB in anoxic period, thus weakened the absorption of phosphate and the anabolism of polyphosphate.
Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) was observed in the two-staged sequencing batch bioflim reactor (SBBR) in the experiment of landfill leachate treatment with coagulating pretreatment. The experiment results indicated that the most suitable condition for CANON process was as follows: the volumetric loading of NH_4~+-N was 0.104 kg NH_4~+-N/(m~3·d), the SBBR system temperature above 30℃, DO 1.29mg/L, the free ammonia nitrogen 7.2mg/L, and the accumulation rate of NO_2~--N 48.90%. When the influent loading rate of NH_4~+-N of the first SBBR reached steadily at 0.229 kg NH_4~+-N /(m~3·d), the averaged COD removal was 64.04%, meanwhile the NH_4~+-N removal increased to 72.45%.
引文
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