基于清洁生产理念的污水处理系统节能降耗支撑技术研究
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摘要
污水处理系统的能源资源消耗已经占到我国消耗总量的一定比重。但是污水处理系统开展节能降耗在工程技术和实施管理层面上仍然存在着很多技术难点，特别是缺乏可行性高的工程技术措施和可持续实施的系统方案。清洁生产作为一个全新的战略对策，为污水处理系统的节能降耗提供了一个系统解决方案。
本研究通过现场调研、试验分析和工程示范，以清洁生产理念为指导，针对污水处理系统的节能降耗进行研究，重点解决评价指标的合理性、进水碳源高效利用降耗技术和曝气系统优化控制节能技术的工程可实施性问题，并利用自适应方式来推进污水处理清洁生产的持续实施。
通过对污水处理系统和清洁生产发展过程的回顾评价，分析了污水处理系统的生产过程属性，清洁生产方法的理论意义，论述了在清洁生产理念指导下进行包括评价体系、工程技术、管理方案在内的污水处理系统节能降耗概念模式。在此基础上，通过对国内11个城市污水处理系统调研分析，建立了直接反映污水处理系统COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷等重点污染物总量削减所需电耗和运行成本的模型。并通过模型确定的节能降耗评价指标，提出了高碑店和清河二期两个污水处理系统节能降耗的关键分别是进水碳源高效利用和曝气系统优化控制两项节能降耗技术。
中试试验和高碑店厂生产性示范表明活性初沉池同时具有开发进水碳源和去除进水中污染物的效果，根据实际情况组合使用传统初沉池和活性初沉池，可以同时达到节能和无外加碳源条件下强化生物脱氮除磷的目的。清河二期污水处理厂生产性示范采用进水水量调节堰来均衡各单元水量，采用硝化过程控制来合理分配曝气量在好氧段的分布，减少了污水处理各子系统之间水量分配不均匀引起的曝气系统压力较高、好氧段过度曝气等问题造成的能耗浪费。论文最后提出了污水处理系统节能降耗自适应实施方法，并针对高碑店和清河二期污水处理系统进行了详细分析，从而保障污水处理节能降耗技术的持续实施。
Energy and resources used in wastewater treatment systems (WTSs) account for acertain proportion of total amount of consumption in China. However, many technicaldifficulties remain in terms of engineering and management for energy and resourcesconservation in WTS, particularly, the lack of sustainable management systems andfeasible engineering measures. Cleaner production theory, as a new strategy, provides asystemic solution for WTS to save energy and to lower resource consumption.
Through field investigation, experiment, and practical demonstrations, this study isdevoted towards the analysis of energy conservation and consumption reduction inWTSs based on cleaner production theory, especially the sound evaluation indicators,the technologies for efficient use of influent carbon source, and aeration control. Anadaptive management approach is then applied to promote sustainable implementationof cleaner production in WTSs.
Comprehensive reviews were conducted regarding the development of sewagetreatment systems and cleaner production. The properties of the production process andthe significance of cleaner production for WTS were also investigated. A systemicframework for energy and resources conservation in WTSs in the context of evaluationsystems, engineering technologies, and management programs was developed. On thebasis of the review above and through field studies of11municipal WTSs, this studyestablishes a model that directly reflects energy consumption and operating cost for thetotal emission load reduction of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP. The model results showthat the key technical measure for Gaobeidian WTS is an efficient use of influent carbonsource to reduce consumption, whereas the Qinghe WTS utilizes aeration systemoptimization control to save energy.
The pilot plant testing and demonstration in the Gaobeidian WTS showed that theactivated primary sedimentation tank possesses both utilization of influent carbonsource and removal of influent pollutants. When the conventional primarysedimentation tank and activated primary sedimentation tank was used in combinationaccording to the actual situation, biological nutrient removal without carbon source andenergy conservation was achieved simultaneously. In the demonstration of the QinghePhase II WTS, adjustable weir was used to regulate water balance of every unit, whereas nitrification aeration control was used to allocate the airflow distribution in theaerobic zone to reduce aeration system pressure and excessive aeration. Finally thisstudy establishes an adaptive framework for the sustainable implementation of cleanerproduction for the Gaobeidian and Qinghe WTSs, thereby ensuring that the proposedtechnical measures for energy conservation and consumption reduction are sustainable.
本研究通过现场调研、试验分析和工程示范，以清洁生产理念为指导，针对污水处理系统的节能降耗进行研究，重点解决评价指标的合理性、进水碳源高效利用降耗技术和曝气系统优化控制节能技术的工程可实施性问题，并利用自适应方式来推进污水处理清洁生产的持续实施。
通过对污水处理系统和清洁生产发展过程的回顾评价，分析了污水处理系统的生产过程属性，清洁生产方法的理论意义，论述了在清洁生产理念指导下进行包括评价体系、工程技术、管理方案在内的污水处理系统节能降耗概念模式。在此基础上，通过对国内11个城市污水处理系统调研分析，建立了直接反映污水处理系统COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷等重点污染物总量削减所需电耗和运行成本的模型。并通过模型确定的节能降耗评价指标，提出了高碑店和清河二期两个污水处理系统节能降耗的关键分别是进水碳源高效利用和曝气系统优化控制两项节能降耗技术。
中试试验和高碑店厂生产性示范表明活性初沉池同时具有开发进水碳源和去除进水中污染物的效果，根据实际情况组合使用传统初沉池和活性初沉池，可以同时达到节能和无外加碳源条件下强化生物脱氮除磷的目的。清河二期污水处理厂生产性示范采用进水水量调节堰来均衡各单元水量，采用硝化过程控制来合理分配曝气量在好氧段的分布，减少了污水处理各子系统之间水量分配不均匀引起的曝气系统压力较高、好氧段过度曝气等问题造成的能耗浪费。论文最后提出了污水处理系统节能降耗自适应实施方法，并针对高碑店和清河二期污水处理系统进行了详细分析，从而保障污水处理节能降耗技术的持续实施。
Energy and resources used in wastewater treatment systems (WTSs) account for acertain proportion of total amount of consumption in China. However, many technicaldifficulties remain in terms of engineering and management for energy and resourcesconservation in WTS, particularly, the lack of sustainable management systems andfeasible engineering measures. Cleaner production theory, as a new strategy, provides asystemic solution for WTS to save energy and to lower resource consumption.
Through field investigation, experiment, and practical demonstrations, this study isdevoted towards the analysis of energy conservation and consumption reduction inWTSs based on cleaner production theory, especially the sound evaluation indicators,the technologies for efficient use of influent carbon source, and aeration control. Anadaptive management approach is then applied to promote sustainable implementationof cleaner production in WTSs.
Comprehensive reviews were conducted regarding the development of sewagetreatment systems and cleaner production. The properties of the production process andthe significance of cleaner production for WTS were also investigated. A systemicframework for energy and resources conservation in WTSs in the context of evaluationsystems, engineering technologies, and management programs was developed. On thebasis of the review above and through field studies of11municipal WTSs, this studyestablishes a model that directly reflects energy consumption and operating cost for thetotal emission load reduction of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP. The model results showthat the key technical measure for Gaobeidian WTS is an efficient use of influent carbonsource to reduce consumption, whereas the Qinghe WTS utilizes aeration systemoptimization control to save energy.
The pilot plant testing and demonstration in the Gaobeidian WTS showed that theactivated primary sedimentation tank possesses both utilization of influent carbonsource and removal of influent pollutants. When the conventional primarysedimentation tank and activated primary sedimentation tank was used in combinationaccording to the actual situation, biological nutrient removal without carbon source andenergy conservation was achieved simultaneously. In the demonstration of the QinghePhase II WTS, adjustable weir was used to regulate water balance of every unit, whereas nitrification aeration control was used to allocate the airflow distribution in theaerobic zone to reduce aeration system pressure and excessive aeration. Finally thisstudy establishes an adaptive framework for the sustainable implementation of cleanerproduction for the Gaobeidian and Qinghe WTSs, thereby ensuring that the proposedtechnical measures for energy conservation and consumption reduction are sustainable.
引文
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