中子灵敏涂硼材料组合探测器及n/γ辐射场实验测试
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摘要
实际辐射场中往往存在多种粒子，因此需要研发混合场测量装置和混合场测量技术。针对n/γ辐射场，本工作研制了一套宽量程、高灵敏度组合探测器，它由圆柱形硼衬正比计数管和平板型涂硼电离室组成。硼衬正比计数管用于工作在脉冲模式下监测小通量中子辐射场；涂硼电离室具有高灵敏度，用于工作在累积电流模式下测量大通量中子辐射场。
本工作首先突破了涂硼中子探测器的瓶颈——实验室中子灵敏层硼膜制作技术，探测器经实验室调试和辐射场测试，获得了良好的中子测量特性、坪特性及灵敏度等参数。针对目前国内缺乏实验室浸脂涂硼中子灵敏层制作技术，本文以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂、Formvar树脂充当粘合剂，研发了两种简便、实用的硼膜涂抹工艺——浸涂和刷涂，并优化得出了最佳制作方案。浸涂中树脂和硼粉质量比最小值为5.0，而刷涂时最佳值为0.2。文中还研究了混合溶液的配制、浸涂、刷涂、恒温烘干等详细工艺过程，最后总结了两种工艺的优劣。
经仿真分析、材料性能测试、机械设计和加工、系统组装、真空系统搭建、工作气体调试、实验室单元测试和组合测试等多个环节后，研制的圆柱形硼衬正比计数管实现了较好的特征参数。在100mCi的Am-Be中子源辐射场中，正比计数管充入0.4atm的P10气体后测得其坪长为100V，坪斜为13.2%/100V，工作电压为800V。硼衬正比计数管的主放输出脉冲宽度为1.26μs，脉冲上升时间是370ns，当计数率为1.0×10~5cps时对应脉冲堆积概率约3.6%。
在100mCi的Am-Be中子源辐射场中，本工作研制的平板型涂硼电离室充入0.4atm的P10气体后在200V时已完全收集，电离室坪长为500V，坪斜为3.72%/100V。电离室在200V处的漏电流为0.2pA，中子灵敏度达1.0×10~(-15)A/(cm~(-2)·s~(-1))。在10mCi的γ源~(137)Cs辐射场中，电离室坪区的平均信号电流为1.23pA，而在活度均为10mCi的~(137)Cs和~(90)Sr的共同辐射场中为1.63pA。电离室γ灵敏度达9.0×10~(-16)A/(MeV cm~(-2)·s~(-1))，也可写为实用单位1.42×10~(-12)A/(R h~(-1))。
本工作开发了简便、实用的实验室浸脂涂硼技术，无需大型实验平台便实现了中子灵敏层制作。目前国内涂硼电离室的漏电流通常在50~100pA量级，中子灵敏度在10-~(14)~10~(-13)A/(cm~(-2)·s~(-1))量级，γ灵敏度在10~(-12)~10-11A/(R h~(-1))量级，可知本工作电离室性能已达国内先进水平。此外本文还结合Bonner球测量技术，使组合探测器实现了中子能谱的测量。
There are always many kinds of particles in actual radiation field, which make it necessary todevelop the measuring devices and technology of mixed fields. Aiming at n/γ radiation field, acombined detector with wide measuring range and high sensitivity is developed in this work, which iscomposed of a cylindrical boron-lined proportional counter(BLPC) and a flat boron-lined ionizationchamber(BLIC). The BLPC is used to monitor the small flux neutron field when working in pulsemode; while the BLIC directs at the large flux neutron field when working in accumulative currentmode due to its high sensitivity.
Above all, the laboratorial manufacturing technology of the neutron sensitive layer has beenbroken through in this work, which is a bottleneck of boron-lined neutron detectors. After debuggedin labs and tested in radiation fields, the detectors show good parameters of neutron measurement,plateau characteristics and sensitivities etc.. Considering the lack of domestic laboratorialresin-dipped boron coating technics currently, two simple and practical boron film coated technics aredeveloped, as well as the production programs are optimized. The technics are named as dip-coatedboron deposition(DCBD) and hand-painted boron deposition (HPBD), where Formvar resin is used asbinder and1,2-dichloroethane acts as solution. Experiments show that the smallest mass ratio ofFormvar resin and boron powder in DCBD is5.0, while the optimal value of that in HPBD is0.2. Inaddition, the preparation of the mixed solution, the dip-coated and hand-painted process, and thedrying by the thermostat are also detailed in this work. Finally the two technics have beensummarized and evaluated.
After undergoing many segments, such as simulation, material performance test, machine designand process, system assembly, testing of vacuum system and working gas, unit test and combined testetc., the cylindrical BLPC showes good characteristics. In the neutron field of a100mCi Am-Besource, after0.4atm P10gas had been filled, the BLPC shows a plateau with the length is100V andthe slope is13.2%/100V, the operating voltage is800V. The width of the output pulse from theBLPC’s amplifier is1.26μs and the rise time is370ns. Working at the count rate of1.0×10~5count/s,the pulse pile-up probability of the BLPC is found to be about3.6%.
In the neutron field of a100mCi Am-Be source, after0.4atm P10gas had been filled, the BLICshows a complete charge collection until200V, which results a500V plateau length with a slope of3.72%/100V. Leakage current of the BLIC at200V is0.2pA, which results a neutron sensitivity of1.0×10~(-15)A/(cm~(-2)·s~(-1)). In the gamma field of a10mCi~(137)Cs source, the average signal current at the plateau region is1.23pA, and it turns into1.63pA when a10mCi~(90)Sr source is subjoined. The gammasensitivity of the BLIC is9.0×10~(-16)A/(MeV cm~(-2)·s~(-1)), it can also be converted into conventional unit1.42×10~(-12)A/(R h~(-1)).
A simple and practical laboratorial resin-dipped boron coating technics developed in this workrealize the coating of neutron sensitive layer without any large experimental platforms. Now theleakage current of domestic BLICs usually range from50to100pA, their neutron sensitivities are ofthe order of10~(-14)~10~(-13)A/(cm~(-2)·s~(-1)) and gamma sensitivities are10~(-12)~10-11A/(R h~(-1)). By comparisonwe can conclude that the BLIC made in this work reaches the advanced domestic level. Furthermore,the combined detector realizes the measurements of neutron energy spectrum by using Bonner Spheretechnique.
本工作首先突破了涂硼中子探测器的瓶颈——实验室中子灵敏层硼膜制作技术，探测器经实验室调试和辐射场测试，获得了良好的中子测量特性、坪特性及灵敏度等参数。针对目前国内缺乏实验室浸脂涂硼中子灵敏层制作技术，本文以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂、Formvar树脂充当粘合剂，研发了两种简便、实用的硼膜涂抹工艺——浸涂和刷涂，并优化得出了最佳制作方案。浸涂中树脂和硼粉质量比最小值为5.0，而刷涂时最佳值为0.2。文中还研究了混合溶液的配制、浸涂、刷涂、恒温烘干等详细工艺过程，最后总结了两种工艺的优劣。
经仿真分析、材料性能测试、机械设计和加工、系统组装、真空系统搭建、工作气体调试、实验室单元测试和组合测试等多个环节后，研制的圆柱形硼衬正比计数管实现了较好的特征参数。在100mCi的Am-Be中子源辐射场中，正比计数管充入0.4atm的P10气体后测得其坪长为100V，坪斜为13.2%/100V，工作电压为800V。硼衬正比计数管的主放输出脉冲宽度为1.26μs，脉冲上升时间是370ns，当计数率为1.0×10~5cps时对应脉冲堆积概率约3.6%。
在100mCi的Am-Be中子源辐射场中，本工作研制的平板型涂硼电离室充入0.4atm的P10气体后在200V时已完全收集，电离室坪长为500V，坪斜为3.72%/100V。电离室在200V处的漏电流为0.2pA，中子灵敏度达1.0×10~(-15)A/(cm~(-2)·s~(-1))。在10mCi的γ源~(137)Cs辐射场中，电离室坪区的平均信号电流为1.23pA，而在活度均为10mCi的~(137)Cs和~(90)Sr的共同辐射场中为1.63pA。电离室γ灵敏度达9.0×10~(-16)A/(MeV cm~(-2)·s~(-1))，也可写为实用单位1.42×10~(-12)A/(R h~(-1))。
本工作开发了简便、实用的实验室浸脂涂硼技术，无需大型实验平台便实现了中子灵敏层制作。目前国内涂硼电离室的漏电流通常在50~100pA量级，中子灵敏度在10-~(14)~10~(-13)A/(cm~(-2)·s~(-1))量级，γ灵敏度在10~(-12)~10-11A/(R h~(-1))量级，可知本工作电离室性能已达国内先进水平。此外本文还结合Bonner球测量技术，使组合探测器实现了中子能谱的测量。
There are always many kinds of particles in actual radiation field, which make it necessary todevelop the measuring devices and technology of mixed fields. Aiming at n/γ radiation field, acombined detector with wide measuring range and high sensitivity is developed in this work, which iscomposed of a cylindrical boron-lined proportional counter(BLPC) and a flat boron-lined ionizationchamber(BLIC). The BLPC is used to monitor the small flux neutron field when working in pulsemode; while the BLIC directs at the large flux neutron field when working in accumulative currentmode due to its high sensitivity.
Above all, the laboratorial manufacturing technology of the neutron sensitive layer has beenbroken through in this work, which is a bottleneck of boron-lined neutron detectors. After debuggedin labs and tested in radiation fields, the detectors show good parameters of neutron measurement,plateau characteristics and sensitivities etc.. Considering the lack of domestic laboratorialresin-dipped boron coating technics currently, two simple and practical boron film coated technics aredeveloped, as well as the production programs are optimized. The technics are named as dip-coatedboron deposition(DCBD) and hand-painted boron deposition (HPBD), where Formvar resin is used asbinder and1,2-dichloroethane acts as solution. Experiments show that the smallest mass ratio ofFormvar resin and boron powder in DCBD is5.0, while the optimal value of that in HPBD is0.2. Inaddition, the preparation of the mixed solution, the dip-coated and hand-painted process, and thedrying by the thermostat are also detailed in this work. Finally the two technics have beensummarized and evaluated.
After undergoing many segments, such as simulation, material performance test, machine designand process, system assembly, testing of vacuum system and working gas, unit test and combined testetc., the cylindrical BLPC showes good characteristics. In the neutron field of a100mCi Am-Besource, after0.4atm P10gas had been filled, the BLPC shows a plateau with the length is100V andthe slope is13.2%/100V, the operating voltage is800V. The width of the output pulse from theBLPC’s amplifier is1.26μs and the rise time is370ns. Working at the count rate of1.0×10~5count/s,the pulse pile-up probability of the BLPC is found to be about3.6%.
In the neutron field of a100mCi Am-Be source, after0.4atm P10gas had been filled, the BLICshows a complete charge collection until200V, which results a500V plateau length with a slope of3.72%/100V. Leakage current of the BLIC at200V is0.2pA, which results a neutron sensitivity of1.0×10~(-15)A/(cm~(-2)·s~(-1)). In the gamma field of a10mCi~(137)Cs source, the average signal current at the plateau region is1.23pA, and it turns into1.63pA when a10mCi~(90)Sr source is subjoined. The gammasensitivity of the BLIC is9.0×10~(-16)A/(MeV cm~(-2)·s~(-1)), it can also be converted into conventional unit1.42×10~(-12)A/(R h~(-1)).
A simple and practical laboratorial resin-dipped boron coating technics developed in this workrealize the coating of neutron sensitive layer without any large experimental platforms. Now theleakage current of domestic BLICs usually range from50to100pA, their neutron sensitivities are ofthe order of10~(-14)~10~(-13)A/(cm~(-2)·s~(-1)) and gamma sensitivities are10~(-12)~10-11A/(R h~(-1)). By comparisonwe can conclude that the BLIC made in this work reaches the advanced domestic level. Furthermore,the combined detector realizes the measurements of neutron energy spectrum by using Bonner Spheretechnique.
引文
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