温度周期变化作用下大理岩宏细观力学变形试验研究
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摘要
周期温度应力作用使岩石发生灾害是个极为复杂且具有重大经济意义的课题,如何才能做到经济有效地在这类岩石中建设工程并维持其稳定性,一直是困扰着广大岩石力学和工程地质工作者的一个难题。当岩体受到温度应力作用引起损伤,岩石的抗压强度发生显著的变化,严重影响着工程的稳定性。
本文以大理岩为研究对象,通过不同加温温度和加温周期后的大理岩单轴压缩试验,得到了不同周期温度下大理岩全应力—应变曲线、应用断裂力学理论分析岩石试样内部微裂隙的扩展模式;运用岩石力学、损伤力学理论对试验结果进行了分析,建立本构方程;最后通过对试样断口扫描图像的细观研究,分析试样损伤度;得到了以下一些结论:
(1) 通过对周期温度应力作用后大理岩的单轴压缩试验,得到了大理岩抗压强度、弹性模量和峰值应变等随加温温度和加温周期变化的关系。加温温度越高,加温周期越多,大理岩抗压强度、弹性模量越低;加温温度越高,峰值应变越大。
(2) 运用断裂力学理论,分析了在温度应力作用后,岩石试样内部微裂隙的扩展规律。在经历一次加温降温过程时,初始微裂隙会发生扩展,同时由于岩石内部晶体和连接物之间的热膨胀系数不同,会产生新的微裂隙;在多次加同等温度时,岩石内部已经扩展完成的微裂隙不再扩展,但是在此过程中会产生新产生的微裂隙,会扩展,或与原有的微裂隙汇合,加大岩石损伤。
(3) 利用弹性模量比商法,定义岩石损伤,认为由于温度应力使岩石试样内部微裂隙大量扩展,单轴抗压的损伤弱化阶段不可忽略,寻找单轴压缩过程中微裂隙正好完全闭合点,在前人基础上建立大理岩在周期温度应力作用后的单轴压缩损伤本构方程。
(4) 对试样断口图像进行分析处理,得出断口图像中微裂隙面积以及在整个图片中所占面积比例,验证加温温度和加温次数对岩石损伤特性的影响。
The rock disaster caused by the period temperature stress is a subject of extreme complication and momentously economic implications. How to construct projects and sustain its stability economically and effectively in such rock is always a problem puzzling many experts in rock mechanics and engineering geology. When the rock get damage caused by temperature stress, the evidently change of rock compression strength will happen, which seriously influences the stability of engineering.The whole stress-strain curves of marble under different period temperature are achieved through the marble uniaxial compression tests under different temperature and heating period in this paper. The inner microcrack extended pattern of rock is analyzed by the fracture mechanics theory. The theory of the rock mechanics and damage mechanics is used in analyzing the results of tests, then the constitutive equations is gained. Finally, by researching on scan imagery of sample fracture and analyzing the damage degree, some conclusions are summarized as the following:(1) The relations between the marble compression strength, elastic ratio, peak strain and the changes of the temperature, heating period are achieved by analyzing the uniaxial compression tests of marble which was effect under different periodic temperature stress. The higher the heating temperate and the more frequent the heating period, the lower the marble compression strength and elastic ratio, but the larger the peak strain.(2) The inner microcrack extended law of rock which is effect under the temperature is analyzed by the fracture mechanics theory. After going through once the process of the heating and cooling, the initial microcrack will extend, at the same time, the new microcrack will generate because of the different between the rock inner crystals and junctional complex in the coefficient of thermal expansion. After multiple the same temperature periods, the rock inner microcracks which have finished expansion will not develop, but the new microcracks generated in this process will develop, or converge with initial microcracks, and aggravate the rock damage.(3) By compared the elastic ratio, the rock damage is defined and the avianize phase of the rock damage caused by uniaxial pressure force can not be ignored because of the massive development of the rock microcracks caused by temperature stress. The completely closing point will be found in process of the uniaxial compression. Based on predecessor's achievement, the damage constitutive equation of the marble uniaxial compression under action of period temperature stress is constituted.(4) The microcrack area in the fracture image and the area ratio of it in the whole picture are gained by analyzing the fracture image of the sample.
本文以大理岩为研究对象,通过不同加温温度和加温周期后的大理岩单轴压缩试验,得到了不同周期温度下大理岩全应力—应变曲线、应用断裂力学理论分析岩石试样内部微裂隙的扩展模式;运用岩石力学、损伤力学理论对试验结果进行了分析,建立本构方程;最后通过对试样断口扫描图像的细观研究,分析试样损伤度;得到了以下一些结论:
(1) 通过对周期温度应力作用后大理岩的单轴压缩试验,得到了大理岩抗压强度、弹性模量和峰值应变等随加温温度和加温周期变化的关系。加温温度越高,加温周期越多,大理岩抗压强度、弹性模量越低;加温温度越高,峰值应变越大。
(2) 运用断裂力学理论,分析了在温度应力作用后,岩石试样内部微裂隙的扩展规律。在经历一次加温降温过程时,初始微裂隙会发生扩展,同时由于岩石内部晶体和连接物之间的热膨胀系数不同,会产生新的微裂隙;在多次加同等温度时,岩石内部已经扩展完成的微裂隙不再扩展,但是在此过程中会产生新产生的微裂隙,会扩展,或与原有的微裂隙汇合,加大岩石损伤。
(3) 利用弹性模量比商法,定义岩石损伤,认为由于温度应力使岩石试样内部微裂隙大量扩展,单轴抗压的损伤弱化阶段不可忽略,寻找单轴压缩过程中微裂隙正好完全闭合点,在前人基础上建立大理岩在周期温度应力作用后的单轴压缩损伤本构方程。
(4) 对试样断口图像进行分析处理,得出断口图像中微裂隙面积以及在整个图片中所占面积比例,验证加温温度和加温次数对岩石损伤特性的影响。
The rock disaster caused by the period temperature stress is a subject of extreme complication and momentously economic implications. How to construct projects and sustain its stability economically and effectively in such rock is always a problem puzzling many experts in rock mechanics and engineering geology. When the rock get damage caused by temperature stress, the evidently change of rock compression strength will happen, which seriously influences the stability of engineering.The whole stress-strain curves of marble under different period temperature are achieved through the marble uniaxial compression tests under different temperature and heating period in this paper. The inner microcrack extended pattern of rock is analyzed by the fracture mechanics theory. The theory of the rock mechanics and damage mechanics is used in analyzing the results of tests, then the constitutive equations is gained. Finally, by researching on scan imagery of sample fracture and analyzing the damage degree, some conclusions are summarized as the following:(1) The relations between the marble compression strength, elastic ratio, peak strain and the changes of the temperature, heating period are achieved by analyzing the uniaxial compression tests of marble which was effect under different periodic temperature stress. The higher the heating temperate and the more frequent the heating period, the lower the marble compression strength and elastic ratio, but the larger the peak strain.(2) The inner microcrack extended law of rock which is effect under the temperature is analyzed by the fracture mechanics theory. After going through once the process of the heating and cooling, the initial microcrack will extend, at the same time, the new microcrack will generate because of the different between the rock inner crystals and junctional complex in the coefficient of thermal expansion. After multiple the same temperature periods, the rock inner microcracks which have finished expansion will not develop, but the new microcracks generated in this process will develop, or converge with initial microcracks, and aggravate the rock damage.(3) By compared the elastic ratio, the rock damage is defined and the avianize phase of the rock damage caused by uniaxial pressure force can not be ignored because of the massive development of the rock microcracks caused by temperature stress. The completely closing point will be found in process of the uniaxial compression. Based on predecessor's achievement, the damage constitutive equation of the marble uniaxial compression under action of period temperature stress is constituted.(4) The microcrack area in the fracture image and the area ratio of it in the whole picture are gained by analyzing the fracture image of the sample.
引文
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