一维动静组合加载下岩石力学特性的试验研究
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摘要
论文首先总结了近几十年来岩石力学界的学者们在岩石单轴静态加载和动态加载方面取得的理论和成果，重点阐述了李夕兵教授及其课题组近年来在岩石动力学方面取得的一些理论和实验研究成果，然后通过实验，论证了一种利用低周疲劳加载在Instron电液伺服材料试验机上进行岩石在中等应变速率下一维动静组合加载试验的新实验方法的可行性，接着利用该方法进行了红砂岩试样的一维动静组合加载试验。
该试验研究了岩石在一维动静组合加载条件下的各种基本力学特性和破坏特征，得到了如下主要的结论：1、红砂岩在一维动静组合加载条件下的强度和破碎耗能比它在单独动载作用下小，同时比它在单独静载作用下大；2、对于同一种岩石试样，在动载频率保持不变的情况下，随着静载的增加，试件达到峰值载荷时的平均应变逐渐减小，对应的破坏时间也相应缩短，但各组试件的平均应变速率基本保持不变。3、在组合加载条件下，保持动载频率不变，红砂岩的弹性模量随着静载的增大而减小，泊松比(μ)随着静载的增大而增大，即红砂岩的破坏方式由脆性破坏向塑性破坏过渡；4、在组合加载条件下，较大静载比较小静载下的岩石初始破裂强度降低，初始破裂提前；5、在组合加载条件下，静载对岩石破坏的特征曲线的形状一定产生影响。其中第一条结论说明了岩石在一维动静组合加载条件下比只在动态加载条件下更容易破坏，该结论为实际岩体工程安全评估和
破坏准则的理论和方法提出了新的思路。
论文还在最后部分讨论了动静组合加载的研究的现实意义及工
程应用，并举例说明了它将来可能应用的一些前景。
The theories and experimental study of uniaxil static loading and dynamic loading on rocks for the last decades were firstly summarized, in which Dr. Li XiBing and their study group's theories on rock impact dynamics were especially reviewed. Then a new method for dynamic loading with intermediate strain rate was developed in experiments, in which a low cycle fatigue loading is adopted to obtain qusi-dynamic loading using servo-controlled Instron material testing system. Through the above method, large numbers of experimentations were carryed out on red sandstone, and experimental results obtained from sandstone revealed that the static load is of great influence on both the failure energy G and dynamic response of rock. It was found that both the failure energy G and the maximum failure load Pb, decrease with the increasing of static load. The maximum failure stress ob in the present loading case is found to be larger than that in the static loading case but less than that in the dynamic loading case only.
Stress vs. strain curves become nonlinear in the whole static-dynamic loading process as the static stress increases to one third of static strength of sandstone, which may be considered as a transition point of this rock. Young' s modulus E decreases while Poisson's ratio v increases with the increasing of static load, which shows a kind of soften tendency under a higher static
load.
Based on these experiments on sandstone, the conclusion that rock may be broken easier under a combinatory static-dynamic loading than under a dynamic loading only is acquired. The combinatory loading method is useful for the investigation of constitutive relationship and failure behavior of rock,
Finally, the practical meaning and engineering applications were simply discussed, and some potential applications were illustrated.
该试验研究了岩石在一维动静组合加载条件下的各种基本力学特性和破坏特征，得到了如下主要的结论：1、红砂岩在一维动静组合加载条件下的强度和破碎耗能比它在单独动载作用下小，同时比它在单独静载作用下大；2、对于同一种岩石试样，在动载频率保持不变的情况下，随着静载的增加，试件达到峰值载荷时的平均应变逐渐减小，对应的破坏时间也相应缩短，但各组试件的平均应变速率基本保持不变。3、在组合加载条件下，保持动载频率不变，红砂岩的弹性模量随着静载的增大而减小，泊松比(μ)随着静载的增大而增大，即红砂岩的破坏方式由脆性破坏向塑性破坏过渡；4、在组合加载条件下，较大静载比较小静载下的岩石初始破裂强度降低，初始破裂提前；5、在组合加载条件下，静载对岩石破坏的特征曲线的形状一定产生影响。其中第一条结论说明了岩石在一维动静组合加载条件下比只在动态加载条件下更容易破坏，该结论为实际岩体工程安全评估和
破坏准则的理论和方法提出了新的思路。
论文还在最后部分讨论了动静组合加载的研究的现实意义及工
程应用，并举例说明了它将来可能应用的一些前景。
The theories and experimental study of uniaxil static loading and dynamic loading on rocks for the last decades were firstly summarized, in which Dr. Li XiBing and their study group's theories on rock impact dynamics were especially reviewed. Then a new method for dynamic loading with intermediate strain rate was developed in experiments, in which a low cycle fatigue loading is adopted to obtain qusi-dynamic loading using servo-controlled Instron material testing system. Through the above method, large numbers of experimentations were carryed out on red sandstone, and experimental results obtained from sandstone revealed that the static load is of great influence on both the failure energy G and dynamic response of rock. It was found that both the failure energy G and the maximum failure load Pb, decrease with the increasing of static load. The maximum failure stress ob in the present loading case is found to be larger than that in the static loading case but less than that in the dynamic loading case only.
Stress vs. strain curves become nonlinear in the whole static-dynamic loading process as the static stress increases to one third of static strength of sandstone, which may be considered as a transition point of this rock. Young' s modulus E decreases while Poisson's ratio v increases with the increasing of static load, which shows a kind of soften tendency under a higher static
load.
Based on these experiments on sandstone, the conclusion that rock may be broken easier under a combinatory static-dynamic loading than under a dynamic loading only is acquired. The combinatory loading method is useful for the investigation of constitutive relationship and failure behavior of rock,
Finally, the practical meaning and engineering applications were simply discussed, and some potential applications were illustrated.
引文
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[17] Blanton T.L. Effect of strain rates from 10-2 to 10 sec-1 in triaxial compression tests on three rocks, Int.J. Rock Mech.Sci. & Geomech. Abstr, 18(1):47～62,1981.
[18] 王武林等．RDT-1000型岩石高压动力三轴仪的研制．岩土力学，1989，10(2)：69～82．
[19] 鞠庆海、吴绵拔．岩石材料三轴压缩动力特性的试验研究．岩土工程学报，15(3)：3～80．
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