补饲量对山场放养河北柴鸡的生产性能和蛋品质的影响
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摘要
山场养鸡是一种绿色蛋鸡生产方式，山场放养生产的鸡蛋口感细腻、味道鲜美、营养丰富，属于营养型绿色食品，市场价格是普通鸡蛋的3～5倍。山场放养过程中适当补饲可以提高生产性能、经济效益，改善鸡蛋品质。本论文研究了不同喂料量对山场放养柴鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质、脂质代谢和抗氧化指标的影响，为柴鸡山场放养在生产中的应用提供理论和实际依据。
本试验选择健康、体况相近的240日龄河北柴鸡480只，随机分成四组，每组三个重复。对照组：自由采食基础日粮；试验组Ⅰ：60％基础日粮(将预试验末试验组Ⅲ自由采食基础日粮+自由采食鲜草的总采食量设为100％)；试验组Ⅱ：40％基础日粮(总量同试验组Ⅱ)；试验组Ⅲ：自由采食基础日粮。试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ自由采食山场鲜草。试验过程中，记录产蛋率、耗料量、耗草量等；试验结束时，取蛋样、采血样测定各项指标。试验结果表明：①补饲量影响柴鸡的生产性能，与对照组相比，60％、40％补料量产蛋率下降极显著(p＜0.01)，蛋重下降显著(p＜0.05)，而自由采食料+草组(106.81g补料量)产蛋率和蛋重没有显著变化(p＞0.05)，并且产蛋率有升高的趋势；降低补料量可以降低料蛋比，提高经济效益，其中自由采食料+草组经济效益最高；40％补料组料蛋比最低。②降低补料量可以改善蛋品质，40％补料量可以极显著提高蛋黄罗氏比色扇级数(p＜0.01)，显著提高蛋黄比率(p＜0.05)，降低蛋白比率(p＜0.05)，但哈氏单位显著降低(p＜0.05)。③降低补料量后蛋鸡脂质代谢得以改善，试验期末血清甘油三脂、血清胆固醇和蛋黄胆固醇均下降，血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度生高。其中甘油三脂40％、60％补料组与对照组间差异极显著(p＜0.01)，自由采食料+草组与对照组差异显著(p＜0.05)；血清胆固醇各试验组与对照组差异极显著(p＜0.01)；血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇40％补料组与对照组间差异极显著(p＜0.01)，60％补料组、自由采食料+草组与对照组间差异显著(p＜0.05)；蛋黄胆固醇各试验组与对照组差异显著(p＜0.05)。各试验组间差异不显著(p＞0.05)。④降低补饲量可以升高血清中维生素E和蛋黄中类胡萝卜素水平，抗氧化指标得到改善。提高血清中SOD浓度，降低血清中和蛋黄中MDA的浓度。40％补料组血清SOD活性均极显著高于对照组(p＜0.01)，60％补料组和自由采食料+草组显著高于对照组(p＜0.05)；40％、60％补料组血清MDA活性均极显著低于对照组(p＜0.01)，自由采食料+草组显著低于对照组(p＜0.05)；40％补料组与对照组间蛋黄MDA差异极显著(p＜0.01)，60％补料组、自由采食料+草组与对照组间差异显著(p＜0.05)；40％、60％补料组血清维生素E的浓度极显著高于对照组(p＜0.01)，自由采食料+草组显著高于对照组(p＜0.05)；40％补料组鸡蛋中类胡萝卜素的含量均极显著高于对照组(p＜0.01)，60％补料组、自由采食料+草组显著高于对照组(p＜0.05)。
It is one kind of green production mode that the laying hens is feed on mountain .The egg texture that feed on mountain is fine, flavor is tasty ,and it is rich to nourish .Belong to the nourish and green food .The market price is 3~5 times of the ordinary egg. When feed hens on mountain, suitably to supplement feed may lift the production efficiency ,economic benefit and improvement egg quality. This experiment researched the effect of difference supplement feed amount on the Chai laying-hen's production performance , lipid metabolism and anti-oxidation status. Those provide the academic and practical basis for the application of green food using in poultry production.
480 two hundred and forty -day-old Chai laying-hens were randomized into 4 treatments, with three replications per treatment. The control hens were feed basal diet consisting of a corn-soybean -mixed meal, trial I : 60% basal diet; trial II: 40% basal diet; trial III: liberty basal diet. Liberty feed grass in every trial. Egg laying rate and feed consumption were noted during the experiment; egg samples and serum samples were collected from replications to determine at the finally of experiment. The results showed as follows:
(1) Supplemented feed amount diet affected the producing performance of Chai laying-hens, Compared to control, the producing rate were very significant decreased (p<0.01)in the 60% and 40% supplemented feed group, and egg weight was higher decreased (P<0.05),the producing rate and egg weight of the liberty basal diet + grass treatment was not remarkbly changing(p>0.05),moreover the laying rate possessed of enhance tendency. Decrease the supplemented feed amount could cut down the anticipates of the feed/egg ratio, and lift economic benefit, The liberty basal diet + grass treatment was the highest economic benefit. The 40% supplemented feed treatment was the lowest
feed/egg ratio.
(2)Decrease supplement feed amount could improve the quantity of egg,40% supplement feed could increase RYCF exceedingly remarkbly (p<0.01), remarkbly increase yolk ratio(p<0.05), and decrease albumen ratio(p<0.05), Yet the Ha-Fu unit remarkbly cuts down (p<0.05) .
(3)After decrease supplement feed amount to the laying hens, the lipid metabolism was ameliorated. In the end of the experiment, the serum triglyceride (TG) ,serum
cholesterol(TC) and yolk cholesterol of all treatments was decreased, and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was increased. To the lever of serum triglyceride(TG),the difference between 40% supplement feed group and control group were very significant(p<0.01),and 60% supplement feed group too, the differences between the liberty basal diet + grass group and control group were significant (p<0.05). The lever of serum cholesterol (TC) was significant decreased in every trial groups(p<0.05). The lever of 40% supplement feed group's high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was very significant increased (p<0.01), 60% supplement feed group and liberty basal diet + grass group were significant increased (p<0.05). yolk total cholesterol(TC) was decreased, the difference between each trial group and control group was significant(p<0.05), the differences among the trial groups were not significant(p>0.05).
(4)Decrease supple Carotenoids ment feed amount to the laying hens, the level of vitamin E in the serum and the carotenqids in the the yolk could be increased, the anti-oxidation was improved. The super oxide disrnutase(SOD) activity in serum of trial groups were elevation, serum and yolk malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration were decreased. In the end of the experiment, The lever of serum MDA difference between 40% supplement feed group and control group was very significant(p<0.01), and 60% supplement feed group too, the difference between the liberty basal diet + grass group and control group was significant(p<0.05). The lever of yolk MDA difference between 40% supplement feed group and control group was very significant(p<0.01), the differences between the 60% supplement feed group and control group was significant(
本试验选择健康、体况相近的240日龄河北柴鸡480只，随机分成四组，每组三个重复。对照组：自由采食基础日粮；试验组Ⅰ：60％基础日粮(将预试验末试验组Ⅲ自由采食基础日粮+自由采食鲜草的总采食量设为100％)；试验组Ⅱ：40％基础日粮(总量同试验组Ⅱ)；试验组Ⅲ：自由采食基础日粮。试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ自由采食山场鲜草。试验过程中，记录产蛋率、耗料量、耗草量等；试验结束时，取蛋样、采血样测定各项指标。试验结果表明：①补饲量影响柴鸡的生产性能，与对照组相比，60％、40％补料量产蛋率下降极显著(p＜0.01)，蛋重下降显著(p＜0.05)，而自由采食料+草组(106.81g补料量)产蛋率和蛋重没有显著变化(p＞0.05)，并且产蛋率有升高的趋势；降低补料量可以降低料蛋比，提高经济效益，其中自由采食料+草组经济效益最高；40％补料组料蛋比最低。②降低补料量可以改善蛋品质，40％补料量可以极显著提高蛋黄罗氏比色扇级数(p＜0.01)，显著提高蛋黄比率(p＜0.05)，降低蛋白比率(p＜0.05)，但哈氏单位显著降低(p＜0.05)。③降低补料量后蛋鸡脂质代谢得以改善，试验期末血清甘油三脂、血清胆固醇和蛋黄胆固醇均下降，血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度生高。其中甘油三脂40％、60％补料组与对照组间差异极显著(p＜0.01)，自由采食料+草组与对照组差异显著(p＜0.05)；血清胆固醇各试验组与对照组差异极显著(p＜0.01)；血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇40％补料组与对照组间差异极显著(p＜0.01)，60％补料组、自由采食料+草组与对照组间差异显著(p＜0.05)；蛋黄胆固醇各试验组与对照组差异显著(p＜0.05)。各试验组间差异不显著(p＞0.05)。④降低补饲量可以升高血清中维生素E和蛋黄中类胡萝卜素水平，抗氧化指标得到改善。提高血清中SOD浓度，降低血清中和蛋黄中MDA的浓度。40％补料组血清SOD活性均极显著高于对照组(p＜0.01)，60％补料组和自由采食料+草组显著高于对照组(p＜0.05)；40％、60％补料组血清MDA活性均极显著低于对照组(p＜0.01)，自由采食料+草组显著低于对照组(p＜0.05)；40％补料组与对照组间蛋黄MDA差异极显著(p＜0.01)，60％补料组、自由采食料+草组与对照组间差异显著(p＜0.05)；40％、60％补料组血清维生素E的浓度极显著高于对照组(p＜0.01)，自由采食料+草组显著高于对照组(p＜0.05)；40％补料组鸡蛋中类胡萝卜素的含量均极显著高于对照组(p＜0.01)，60％补料组、自由采食料+草组显著高于对照组(p＜0.05)。
It is one kind of green production mode that the laying hens is feed on mountain .The egg texture that feed on mountain is fine, flavor is tasty ,and it is rich to nourish .Belong to the nourish and green food .The market price is 3~5 times of the ordinary egg. When feed hens on mountain, suitably to supplement feed may lift the production efficiency ,economic benefit and improvement egg quality. This experiment researched the effect of difference supplement feed amount on the Chai laying-hen's production performance , lipid metabolism and anti-oxidation status. Those provide the academic and practical basis for the application of green food using in poultry production.
480 two hundred and forty -day-old Chai laying-hens were randomized into 4 treatments, with three replications per treatment. The control hens were feed basal diet consisting of a corn-soybean -mixed meal, trial I : 60% basal diet; trial II: 40% basal diet; trial III: liberty basal diet. Liberty feed grass in every trial. Egg laying rate and feed consumption were noted during the experiment; egg samples and serum samples were collected from replications to determine at the finally of experiment. The results showed as follows:
(1) Supplemented feed amount diet affected the producing performance of Chai laying-hens, Compared to control, the producing rate were very significant decreased (p<0.01)in the 60% and 40% supplemented feed group, and egg weight was higher decreased (P<0.05),the producing rate and egg weight of the liberty basal diet + grass treatment was not remarkbly changing(p>0.05),moreover the laying rate possessed of enhance tendency. Decrease the supplemented feed amount could cut down the anticipates of the feed/egg ratio, and lift economic benefit, The liberty basal diet + grass treatment was the highest economic benefit. The 40% supplemented feed treatment was the lowest
feed/egg ratio.
(2)Decrease supplement feed amount could improve the quantity of egg,40% supplement feed could increase RYCF exceedingly remarkbly (p<0.01), remarkbly increase yolk ratio(p<0.05), and decrease albumen ratio(p<0.05), Yet the Ha-Fu unit remarkbly cuts down (p<0.05) .
(3)After decrease supplement feed amount to the laying hens, the lipid metabolism was ameliorated. In the end of the experiment, the serum triglyceride (TG) ,serum
cholesterol(TC) and yolk cholesterol of all treatments was decreased, and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was increased. To the lever of serum triglyceride(TG),the difference between 40% supplement feed group and control group were very significant(p<0.01),and 60% supplement feed group too, the differences between the liberty basal diet + grass group and control group were significant (p<0.05). The lever of serum cholesterol (TC) was significant decreased in every trial groups(p<0.05). The lever of 40% supplement feed group's high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was very significant increased (p<0.01), 60% supplement feed group and liberty basal diet + grass group were significant increased (p<0.05). yolk total cholesterol(TC) was decreased, the difference between each trial group and control group was significant(p<0.05), the differences among the trial groups were not significant(p>0.05).
(4)Decrease supple Carotenoids ment feed amount to the laying hens, the level of vitamin E in the serum and the carotenqids in the the yolk could be increased, the anti-oxidation was improved. The super oxide disrnutase(SOD) activity in serum of trial groups were elevation, serum and yolk malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration were decreased. In the end of the experiment, The lever of serum MDA difference between 40% supplement feed group and control group was very significant(p<0.01), and 60% supplement feed group too, the difference between the liberty basal diet + grass group and control group was significant(p<0.05). The lever of yolk MDA difference between 40% supplement feed group and control group was very significant(p<0.01), the differences between the 60% supplement feed group and control group was significant(
引文
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