CVT混合动力系统再生制动综合控制研究
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摘要
混合动力汽车的再生制动是一个多目标条件下复杂系统的动态过程,进行混合动力汽车制动能量的最佳分配与综合控制,实现整车安全制动条件下最大程度的能量回收,是混合动力再生制动的关键技术和重要研究内容。
论文以采用无级自动变速传动(CVT)的混合动力汽车为应用对象,以最大限度提高再生制动能量回收率为目标,以保证良好的制动性能为约束条件,系统研究了CVT混合动力汽车再生制动控制策略,进行了再生制动系统的理论建模、系统仿真、实验模拟和性能评价。主要工作内容如下:
①为满足制动能量最大化回收和整车安全制动要求,确定了全制动工况下制动力分配控制策略,在滑行制动和限速制动工况下,基于前轮不抱死条件优先采用电机再生制动、其次为发动机及摩擦制动,通过CVT速比控制,最大程度地实现制动能量回收;在减速制动工况下,采用定比例制动力分配控制策略,通过前轮制动压力协调控制,满足了整车制动力分配和高能量回收的综合要求。
②根据混合动力再生制动对镍氢电池组充电性能的要求,提出了综合考虑温升、温差、保护电压和保护电流等限制因素的电池组初始充电电流和可接受充电电流与功率的计算方法和分段恒流充电的最佳快速充电控制策略,进行了基于该控制策略的镍氢电池组快速充电的建模与仿真,验证了最佳快速充电控制策略的有效性。
③基于电机和电池组性能试验与分析,建立了电机和镍氢电池组的联合效率模型,获取了电机/电池联合工作的最佳效率曲线,确定了再生制动过程中CVT速比控制策略和夹紧力控制策略,为提高制动能量回收率奠定了基础。
④进行了CVT液压系统功率损失分析,提出了利用电动泵供油的功率匹配控制方法;进行了基于电动泵供油的CVT功率匹配控制的整车建模与仿真分析,结果表明,采用功率匹配控制,能大幅度减少系统流量损失,提高再生制动系统的综合效率和制动能量回收率。
⑤进行了混合动力汽车液压制动系统的设计,采用电液比例阀进行前轮制动压力的动态调节,实现工作模式下的压力协调控制和整车制动力分配;建立了AMESIM环境下的液压制动系统仿真模型,进行了电机再生制动和复合制动条件下的液压制动系统的性能仿真与分析,计算表明所设计的液压制动系统具有良好的静动态性能,具有较好的应用价值。
⑥研制了综合制动液压试验系统,该系统由前轮制动系统和后轮制动系统组成,利用高速开关阀、感载比例阀和行程模拟器,实现了不同制动模式下基于整车制动力分配控制策略的制动压力协调控制;进行了压力控制试验和前后轮压力分配试验,试验表明该系统具有良好的前轮压力响应特性和满意的制动力分配特性。
⑦研制了基于手动变速器MT和CVT的混合动力再生制动实验系统,能模拟混合动力汽车的制动过程,实现了电机再生制动、复合制动和摩擦制动三种制动模式和模式转换与控制;构建了基于DSPACE的硬件在环仿真平台,进行了MT和CVT混合动力再生制动系统性能试验与分析,验证了混合动力再生制动控制策略的正确性和有效性。
论文对CVT混合动力系统再生制动进行了理论和试验研究,提出了实现高效能量回收和整车安全制动的再生制动策略和综合控制方法,研制了CVT混合动力再生制动试验系统和综合制动液压系统,进行了基于再生制动综合控制策略的试验与分析,仿真和试验结果验证了综合控制策略的正确性和有效性,为开发具有自主知识产权的CVT混合动力轿车奠定了基础。
Regenerative braking (energy recovery braking) of the hybrid electric vehicle is a multi-objective dynamic process of complex systems. The hybrid electric vehicle braking energy distribution and integrated control of the best, achieving energy recovery mostly under security of vehicle braking conditions, are the key technologies and important research contents of hybrid regenerative braking.
Based on the CVT(Continuous Variable Transmission) hybrid electric vehicle, aiming at gaining the maximize regenerative braking energy recovery, considering the good braking performance, the paper studied on the regenerative braking control strategy of CVT system for hybrid electric vehicle, built the theoretical model, had the system and laboratory simulation, in the end ,made a performance evaluations. The main work as follows:
①In order to achieve the most braking energy recovery and to ensure the safety of vehicle braking requirements, this paper built the whole vehicle braking force distribution Control Strategy under the overall braking, in the taxiway speed braking and confined brake condition, the motor regenerative braking is prior to the engine regenerative braking and friction regenerative braking when the front-wheel can work normally. We can control the CVT ratio, then gain maximize energy recovery; in the slowdown braking condition, we adopted the proportion of braking force distribution control strategy, through control the front-wheel brake pressure to meet the vehicle braking force distribution and high-energy recovery.
②According to the hybrid regenerative braking on the nickel-metal hybrid rechargeable battery performance requirements, a comprehensive temperature rise, temperature difference value, protection voltage and protection current were considered, then the initial battery charge current and acceptable charging current or power calculating method were determined and built the best fast charging control strategy of multi-stage constant current charging, and then constructed the Ni-MH battery fast charging modeling and simulation was used to verify the control strategy right.
③Based on performance tests and analysis of motor and battery pack, a motor and nickel-metal hydride battery pack joint efficiency model was built, and gained the best curves of the electric / battery joint working efficiency, the CVT ratio control strategy and clamping force control strategy were built, so we can improve the regenerative braking efficiency based on those strategies.
④Having a CVT hydraulic system power loss analysis, the control strategy was proposed based on power matching of electric pump supplying oil ; The whole vehicle modeling and simulation based on the CVT power matching control were carried out, and the result showed that using matching power control system can significantly reduce the system flow losses and enhance the regenerative braking system, brake energy efficiency and the comprehensive recovery rate can be improved.
⑤Had a hybrid electric vehicle hydraulic braking system designed, using electro-hydraulic proportional valve for front-wheel brake pressure dynamic adjustment and achieved the pressure coordination control under the work model and the whole vehicle braking force distribution; built Hydraulic brake system simulation models using AMESIM, the motor regenerative braking and the composite brake hydraulic system performance simulation were finished, and the results showed that the design of the hydraulic braking system has good static and dynamic performance which have good application value.
⑥To develop a comprehensive hydraulic brake system, this system includes front wheel brake system and rear wheel brake system, by using the high-speed on-off valve, load sensing proportional valve and the trip simulator, to achieve a different mode brake pressure coordination control based on the whole vehicle braking force distribution; had conducted pressure control test and the front-rear wheels pressure distribution tests , and those tests indicated that the system had good front-wheel pressure response characteristics and satisfied braking force distribution characteristics.
⑦Developed the hybrid regenerative braking experiments system based on MT and CVT which can simulate the process of braking, and realized three models: the motor regenerative braking, composite braking and friction brake and those models conversion and control; DSPACE hardware in-the-loop simulation platform was constructed for the MT and CVT hybrid regenerative braking system performance tests and analysis to verify the hybrid regenerative braking control strategy to be accurate and effective.
Theoretical and experimental researches about the CVT hybrid regenerative braking system had been studied in this paper, and the regenerative braking strategy and an integrated control were proposed which can achieve high energy recycling and safety brake, developed the CVT hybrid regenerative braking system and an integrated test Hydraulic brake system, test and analysis based on a regenerative braking comprehensive strategy were implemented, the simulation and testing verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the comprehensive control strategy, which laid the foundation for the independent intellectual property rights CVT hybrid vehicle development.
论文以采用无级自动变速传动(CVT)的混合动力汽车为应用对象,以最大限度提高再生制动能量回收率为目标,以保证良好的制动性能为约束条件,系统研究了CVT混合动力汽车再生制动控制策略,进行了再生制动系统的理论建模、系统仿真、实验模拟和性能评价。主要工作内容如下:
①为满足制动能量最大化回收和整车安全制动要求,确定了全制动工况下制动力分配控制策略,在滑行制动和限速制动工况下,基于前轮不抱死条件优先采用电机再生制动、其次为发动机及摩擦制动,通过CVT速比控制,最大程度地实现制动能量回收;在减速制动工况下,采用定比例制动力分配控制策略,通过前轮制动压力协调控制,满足了整车制动力分配和高能量回收的综合要求。
②根据混合动力再生制动对镍氢电池组充电性能的要求,提出了综合考虑温升、温差、保护电压和保护电流等限制因素的电池组初始充电电流和可接受充电电流与功率的计算方法和分段恒流充电的最佳快速充电控制策略,进行了基于该控制策略的镍氢电池组快速充电的建模与仿真,验证了最佳快速充电控制策略的有效性。
③基于电机和电池组性能试验与分析,建立了电机和镍氢电池组的联合效率模型,获取了电机/电池联合工作的最佳效率曲线,确定了再生制动过程中CVT速比控制策略和夹紧力控制策略,为提高制动能量回收率奠定了基础。
④进行了CVT液压系统功率损失分析,提出了利用电动泵供油的功率匹配控制方法;进行了基于电动泵供油的CVT功率匹配控制的整车建模与仿真分析,结果表明,采用功率匹配控制,能大幅度减少系统流量损失,提高再生制动系统的综合效率和制动能量回收率。
⑤进行了混合动力汽车液压制动系统的设计,采用电液比例阀进行前轮制动压力的动态调节,实现工作模式下的压力协调控制和整车制动力分配;建立了AMESIM环境下的液压制动系统仿真模型,进行了电机再生制动和复合制动条件下的液压制动系统的性能仿真与分析,计算表明所设计的液压制动系统具有良好的静动态性能,具有较好的应用价值。
⑥研制了综合制动液压试验系统,该系统由前轮制动系统和后轮制动系统组成,利用高速开关阀、感载比例阀和行程模拟器,实现了不同制动模式下基于整车制动力分配控制策略的制动压力协调控制;进行了压力控制试验和前后轮压力分配试验,试验表明该系统具有良好的前轮压力响应特性和满意的制动力分配特性。
⑦研制了基于手动变速器MT和CVT的混合动力再生制动实验系统,能模拟混合动力汽车的制动过程,实现了电机再生制动、复合制动和摩擦制动三种制动模式和模式转换与控制;构建了基于DSPACE的硬件在环仿真平台,进行了MT和CVT混合动力再生制动系统性能试验与分析,验证了混合动力再生制动控制策略的正确性和有效性。
论文对CVT混合动力系统再生制动进行了理论和试验研究,提出了实现高效能量回收和整车安全制动的再生制动策略和综合控制方法,研制了CVT混合动力再生制动试验系统和综合制动液压系统,进行了基于再生制动综合控制策略的试验与分析,仿真和试验结果验证了综合控制策略的正确性和有效性,为开发具有自主知识产权的CVT混合动力轿车奠定了基础。
Regenerative braking (energy recovery braking) of the hybrid electric vehicle is a multi-objective dynamic process of complex systems. The hybrid electric vehicle braking energy distribution and integrated control of the best, achieving energy recovery mostly under security of vehicle braking conditions, are the key technologies and important research contents of hybrid regenerative braking.
Based on the CVT(Continuous Variable Transmission) hybrid electric vehicle, aiming at gaining the maximize regenerative braking energy recovery, considering the good braking performance, the paper studied on the regenerative braking control strategy of CVT system for hybrid electric vehicle, built the theoretical model, had the system and laboratory simulation, in the end ,made a performance evaluations. The main work as follows:
①In order to achieve the most braking energy recovery and to ensure the safety of vehicle braking requirements, this paper built the whole vehicle braking force distribution Control Strategy under the overall braking, in the taxiway speed braking and confined brake condition, the motor regenerative braking is prior to the engine regenerative braking and friction regenerative braking when the front-wheel can work normally. We can control the CVT ratio, then gain maximize energy recovery; in the slowdown braking condition, we adopted the proportion of braking force distribution control strategy, through control the front-wheel brake pressure to meet the vehicle braking force distribution and high-energy recovery.
②According to the hybrid regenerative braking on the nickel-metal hybrid rechargeable battery performance requirements, a comprehensive temperature rise, temperature difference value, protection voltage and protection current were considered, then the initial battery charge current and acceptable charging current or power calculating method were determined and built the best fast charging control strategy of multi-stage constant current charging, and then constructed the Ni-MH battery fast charging modeling and simulation was used to verify the control strategy right.
③Based on performance tests and analysis of motor and battery pack, a motor and nickel-metal hydride battery pack joint efficiency model was built, and gained the best curves of the electric / battery joint working efficiency, the CVT ratio control strategy and clamping force control strategy were built, so we can improve the regenerative braking efficiency based on those strategies.
④Having a CVT hydraulic system power loss analysis, the control strategy was proposed based on power matching of electric pump supplying oil ; The whole vehicle modeling and simulation based on the CVT power matching control were carried out, and the result showed that using matching power control system can significantly reduce the system flow losses and enhance the regenerative braking system, brake energy efficiency and the comprehensive recovery rate can be improved.
⑤Had a hybrid electric vehicle hydraulic braking system designed, using electro-hydraulic proportional valve for front-wheel brake pressure dynamic adjustment and achieved the pressure coordination control under the work model and the whole vehicle braking force distribution; built Hydraulic brake system simulation models using AMESIM, the motor regenerative braking and the composite brake hydraulic system performance simulation were finished, and the results showed that the design of the hydraulic braking system has good static and dynamic performance which have good application value.
⑥To develop a comprehensive hydraulic brake system, this system includes front wheel brake system and rear wheel brake system, by using the high-speed on-off valve, load sensing proportional valve and the trip simulator, to achieve a different mode brake pressure coordination control based on the whole vehicle braking force distribution; had conducted pressure control test and the front-rear wheels pressure distribution tests , and those tests indicated that the system had good front-wheel pressure response characteristics and satisfied braking force distribution characteristics.
⑦Developed the hybrid regenerative braking experiments system based on MT and CVT which can simulate the process of braking, and realized three models: the motor regenerative braking, composite braking and friction brake and those models conversion and control; DSPACE hardware in-the-loop simulation platform was constructed for the MT and CVT hybrid regenerative braking system performance tests and analysis to verify the hybrid regenerative braking control strategy to be accurate and effective.
Theoretical and experimental researches about the CVT hybrid regenerative braking system had been studied in this paper, and the regenerative braking strategy and an integrated control were proposed which can achieve high energy recycling and safety brake, developed the CVT hybrid regenerative braking system and an integrated test Hydraulic brake system, test and analysis based on a regenerative braking comprehensive strategy were implemented, the simulation and testing verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the comprehensive control strategy, which laid the foundation for the independent intellectual property rights CVT hybrid vehicle development.
引文
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