本质安全型开关电源基础理论与应用研究
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摘要
基于数字矿山和感知矿山的实际需要，以及矿山物联网技术的发展，井下检测监控设备如本安型传感器、本安控制器等的数量大大增加，加大了对大功率本安电源的需求。因此，论文对本安型开关电源的基础理论进行研究，在此基础上提出了提高本安电源功率的方法，对大功率本安电源的设计与研究具有重要理论意义及实用价值。
随着对本安电路的研究深入，新的研究对象与内容不断出现，为理顺其与原有系统的关系，融入原有系统的概念体系，论文针对本安防爆系统的结构体系在原有基础上进行了重新整理，由此引出一次本安电源、二次本安电源、前端保护模式、后端保护模式以及火花放电的自然放电模式和截止放电模式等概念，并对其结构、特性、等方面进行了详细的说明与探讨。
建立了LC型和CL型复合电路自然放电模式时在开路与短路两种状态下的数学模型，并研究了不同电气参数下的火花能量及功率的变化规律，结合仿真得出：在振荡及非振荡情况下，增大电感量，火花电流、火花功率及火花能量都有所减小，并且延迟了火花电流达到峰值的时间，有利于提高安全性能，且大电感非振荡情况较振荡情况更有利于安全性能。另外，还分析了EC电路的火花放电特性，研究电源电势对火花放电的影响，并根据能量等效原则将其等效变换为一简单电容电路，便于应用现有的火花点燃曲线进行非爆炸性评价。
基于数理推导的方法建立了电容电路及CL复合电路火花放电数学模型，研究截止放电模式下本质安全开关电路火花放电机理及规律，定量分析截止时间等电气参数对本安电路安全性能的影响。研究发现截止放电模式与自然放电模式在火花放电规律方面有显著的差异：对于电容电路，在自然放电模式下，火花能量最终达到稳态，稳态时火花放电能量与电容值的大小成正比；而在截止放电模式下，火花能量与电容值的大小近似成指数变化。随电容量趋于无穷大，火花放电能量趋向于一个稳态值。对于CL复合电路，在自然放电模式下，增加电感值，火花功率上升到最大值的时间延长，同时最大值减小，火花能量最终达到稳态，稳态时火花能量与电感量无关。而在截止放电模式下，增加电感值，火花功率最大值的时间不变，但最大值减小，火花能量随着电感值的增大而单调减小。最后采用实验验证的方式对本安特性分析研究的结论进行验证。
通过分析影响火花放电能量的因素，提出了提高本安电源容量的方法，通过提高开关频率、缩短截止时间、采用虚拟软开关等方法提高本安电源功率。并将此方法应用到实际本安电源设计中，现已通过中煤科工集团上海研究院检测中心的认证。
设计了一款适用于大功率本安电源的截流自恢复保护电路结构及实现方法，并选取反激式三电平拓扑研制了本安型开关电源样机，通过仿真及实验分析，该电源的各项指标均达到设计要求。
The actual needs of digital mine construction and the development of the mineinternet of things technology made the number of the underground detecting andmonitoring equipment such as intrinsically safe sensor and intrinsically safe controllergreatly increase. So demands for high power intrinsically safe power supply werestrongly proposed. Some research on basic theory of intrinsically safe switch powersupply was did in this thesis, and some approaches for improving the power wereproposed, which had important theoretical significance and practical value for thedesign of high power intrinsically safe switching power supply.
With deep research for intrinsically safe circuits, new research objects andcontents emerged. In order to make clear of the relationship between these researchesand original system and integrate into original system concepts, structural system ofthe safety system based on the original was refreshed in this thesis. Some conceptssuch as primary intrinsically safe power supply, secondary intrinsically safe powersupply, front-end protection mode, back-end protection mode, natural discharge modeand cut-off discharge mode of spark discharge were proposed and their structures,characteristics and other aspects were described in detail.
Mathematical models of CL compound circuit and LC compound circuit inopen circuit and short circuit under natural discharge mode were established and thechange law of spark discharge energy and power under different electrical parameterswas also researched in this thesis. From the simulation, it shows that, increasing theinductance value could reduce spark discharge current, spark discharge energy andpower, as well as the peak current time which is conducive to enhance the safetyperformance. Non-oscillatory situation under the bigger inductance value is moreconducive to safety performance than oscillatory situation. In addition, sparkdischarge characteristics of EC circuit and the effect resulting from power potential onspark discharge were analyzed in this thesis. Based on energy equivalent principle,EC circuit was equivalent to a simple capacitive circuit based on the principle ofenergy equivalent so as to make use of capacitance minimum ignition curve undernatural discharge mode to determine its security.
Spark discharge mathematical models of capacitive circuit and CL compoundcircuit were established，and the mechanism and rules of intrinsically safe circuitspark discharge were studied under cut-off discharge mode，besides, the influence of the electrical parameters such as cut-off time on the intrinsically safe circuit’s safetyperformance was quantitatively analyzed. The study found that the regularity of thespark discharge was significantly different between the cut-off discharge mode andthe natural discharge one. For capacitive circuit, under natural discharge mode, thespark energy eventually reached a steady state, and the spark discharge energy insteady state was proportional to the capacitance value. While under cut-off dischargemode, the spark energy was approximately exponential to the capacitance value. Thespark discharge energy tended to a steady-state value with the capacitance valuetending to infinity. For the CL composite circuit, under natural discharge mode, thetime of spark power up to the maximum would be longer with the inductance valueincreased, and the maximum would decrease. The spark energy reached a steady stateeventually which has no relationship with the inductance value. But under cut-offdischarge mode, the time of spark power up to the maximum would not be changedeven the inductance value increased, and the maximum would decrease. The sparkenergy decreased monotonically with the increasing of the inductance value. Finally,experiments have been carried out to verify the conclusion of intrinsically safeperformance analysis.
Through analyzing factors that affected the spark discharge energy, the methodswere given in this thesis such as increasing the switching frequency, shortening thecut-off time and using virtual soft-switching which could improve the capacity ofintrinsically safe supply. These methods were used in practical intrinsic safety powerwhich had been certificated by Shanghai Research Institute Test Center of China CoalTechnology&Engineering Group Corp.
A cut-off self-recovery protection circuit structure which was suitable forhigh-power intrinsic safety power supply was designed, and the three-level flybacktopology was selected to design intrinsic safety switching power supply, which meetsthe designing requirements through the simulation and experimental analysis.
随着对本安电路的研究深入，新的研究对象与内容不断出现，为理顺其与原有系统的关系，融入原有系统的概念体系，论文针对本安防爆系统的结构体系在原有基础上进行了重新整理，由此引出一次本安电源、二次本安电源、前端保护模式、后端保护模式以及火花放电的自然放电模式和截止放电模式等概念，并对其结构、特性、等方面进行了详细的说明与探讨。
建立了LC型和CL型复合电路自然放电模式时在开路与短路两种状态下的数学模型，并研究了不同电气参数下的火花能量及功率的变化规律，结合仿真得出：在振荡及非振荡情况下，增大电感量，火花电流、火花功率及火花能量都有所减小，并且延迟了火花电流达到峰值的时间，有利于提高安全性能，且大电感非振荡情况较振荡情况更有利于安全性能。另外，还分析了EC电路的火花放电特性，研究电源电势对火花放电的影响，并根据能量等效原则将其等效变换为一简单电容电路，便于应用现有的火花点燃曲线进行非爆炸性评价。
基于数理推导的方法建立了电容电路及CL复合电路火花放电数学模型，研究截止放电模式下本质安全开关电路火花放电机理及规律，定量分析截止时间等电气参数对本安电路安全性能的影响。研究发现截止放电模式与自然放电模式在火花放电规律方面有显著的差异：对于电容电路，在自然放电模式下，火花能量最终达到稳态，稳态时火花放电能量与电容值的大小成正比；而在截止放电模式下，火花能量与电容值的大小近似成指数变化。随电容量趋于无穷大，火花放电能量趋向于一个稳态值。对于CL复合电路，在自然放电模式下，增加电感值，火花功率上升到最大值的时间延长，同时最大值减小，火花能量最终达到稳态，稳态时火花能量与电感量无关。而在截止放电模式下，增加电感值，火花功率最大值的时间不变，但最大值减小，火花能量随着电感值的增大而单调减小。最后采用实验验证的方式对本安特性分析研究的结论进行验证。
通过分析影响火花放电能量的因素，提出了提高本安电源容量的方法，通过提高开关频率、缩短截止时间、采用虚拟软开关等方法提高本安电源功率。并将此方法应用到实际本安电源设计中，现已通过中煤科工集团上海研究院检测中心的认证。
设计了一款适用于大功率本安电源的截流自恢复保护电路结构及实现方法，并选取反激式三电平拓扑研制了本安型开关电源样机，通过仿真及实验分析，该电源的各项指标均达到设计要求。
The actual needs of digital mine construction and the development of the mineinternet of things technology made the number of the underground detecting andmonitoring equipment such as intrinsically safe sensor and intrinsically safe controllergreatly increase. So demands for high power intrinsically safe power supply werestrongly proposed. Some research on basic theory of intrinsically safe switch powersupply was did in this thesis, and some approaches for improving the power wereproposed, which had important theoretical significance and practical value for thedesign of high power intrinsically safe switching power supply.
With deep research for intrinsically safe circuits, new research objects andcontents emerged. In order to make clear of the relationship between these researchesand original system and integrate into original system concepts, structural system ofthe safety system based on the original was refreshed in this thesis. Some conceptssuch as primary intrinsically safe power supply, secondary intrinsically safe powersupply, front-end protection mode, back-end protection mode, natural discharge modeand cut-off discharge mode of spark discharge were proposed and their structures,characteristics and other aspects were described in detail.
Mathematical models of CL compound circuit and LC compound circuit inopen circuit and short circuit under natural discharge mode were established and thechange law of spark discharge energy and power under different electrical parameterswas also researched in this thesis. From the simulation, it shows that, increasing theinductance value could reduce spark discharge current, spark discharge energy andpower, as well as the peak current time which is conducive to enhance the safetyperformance. Non-oscillatory situation under the bigger inductance value is moreconducive to safety performance than oscillatory situation. In addition, sparkdischarge characteristics of EC circuit and the effect resulting from power potential onspark discharge were analyzed in this thesis. Based on energy equivalent principle,EC circuit was equivalent to a simple capacitive circuit based on the principle ofenergy equivalent so as to make use of capacitance minimum ignition curve undernatural discharge mode to determine its security.
Spark discharge mathematical models of capacitive circuit and CL compoundcircuit were established，and the mechanism and rules of intrinsically safe circuitspark discharge were studied under cut-off discharge mode，besides, the influence of the electrical parameters such as cut-off time on the intrinsically safe circuit’s safetyperformance was quantitatively analyzed. The study found that the regularity of thespark discharge was significantly different between the cut-off discharge mode andthe natural discharge one. For capacitive circuit, under natural discharge mode, thespark energy eventually reached a steady state, and the spark discharge energy insteady state was proportional to the capacitance value. While under cut-off dischargemode, the spark energy was approximately exponential to the capacitance value. Thespark discharge energy tended to a steady-state value with the capacitance valuetending to infinity. For the CL composite circuit, under natural discharge mode, thetime of spark power up to the maximum would be longer with the inductance valueincreased, and the maximum would decrease. The spark energy reached a steady stateeventually which has no relationship with the inductance value. But under cut-offdischarge mode, the time of spark power up to the maximum would not be changedeven the inductance value increased, and the maximum would decrease. The sparkenergy decreased monotonically with the increasing of the inductance value. Finally,experiments have been carried out to verify the conclusion of intrinsically safeperformance analysis.
Through analyzing factors that affected the spark discharge energy, the methodswere given in this thesis such as increasing the switching frequency, shortening thecut-off time and using virtual soft-switching which could improve the capacity ofintrinsically safe supply. These methods were used in practical intrinsic safety powerwhich had been certificated by Shanghai Research Institute Test Center of China CoalTechnology&Engineering Group Corp.
A cut-off self-recovery protection circuit structure which was suitable forhigh-power intrinsic safety power supply was designed, and the three-level flybacktopology was selected to design intrinsic safety switching power supply, which meetsthe designing requirements through the simulation and experimental analysis.
引文
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