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多亚甲基桥连双噻二唑汞(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及其电化学性能研究与应用
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摘要
离子选择性电极载体的设计、合成和应用是离子选择性电极研究的一个重
    要方向。近年来,金属配合物作为载体呈现的反Hofmeister行为的阴离子选择
    性电极是电化学和电分析领域中公认的活跃研究课题。本文的研究集中于新型
    金属配合物为中性载体的PVC膜碘离子选择性电极的基础研究及其作为化学
    传感器在环境监测方面的初步应用。
     论文详细研究了高灵敏度高选择性碘离子电极中性载体(金属配合物)分
    子的设计。
     1 系统比较试验了15种碳链不断增加(n=2-6)的多亚甲基桥连双(1,3,
    4-噻二唑)二价汞配合物,确定其中碳链数为4的多亚甲基桥连双(1,3,4-
    噻二唑)二价汞配合物是最佳碘离子载体,首次研制出对I~-具有高灵敏度而且
    呈反Hofmeister响应行为的阴离子选择性电极,其电位响应选择性次序为:I~-
    >C1O_4~->SCN~->NO_3~->Br~->Cl~->OAc~->SO_1~(2-)。并发现,桥连杂环配合物中多亚甲基碳
    链数的多少影响载体电极的响应斜率及检测限。
     2 选择了3个多亚甲基桥连双(2-巯基-5-甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑)化合物为
    配体:1,2-双(5-甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫)乙烷(BMTE),1,3-双(5-甲
    基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫)丙烷(BMTP)及1,4-双(5-甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-
    硫)丁烷(BMTB),将它们分别与乙酸汞和硝酸汞反应生成中性配合物;并以其
    作为载体,以自制的邻硝基苯辛醚为增塑剂制备PVC膜碘离子选择性电极。其
    中,以BMTB与硝酸汞形成的配合物为载体的PVC膜电极的能斯特响应性能最优:
    在磷酸缓冲体系中(pH=2.4),对I~-的线性响应范围为(8.5×1O~(-8)~2.0×10~(-4))
    mol.L~(-1),斜率为(59.0±0.2)mV/pI~-(n=6,25℃),t_(90%)为60s,内阻为(8.33±0.21)
    ×10~5Ω(n=6);在浓度为10~(-5)mol.L~(-1)KI标准液中(以0.01mol.L~(-1)磷酸为底液)
    
    
     NMltpe 98 M4Wd64.ffeuMrt
     连续监狈 12h,电位波动 0.6mV;从浓度为 10-’mol.L叫到 10-’mol/L KI标准液中
     (以0.olmol.L-‘磷酸为底液)反复测试Zh,标准偏差是1.0 mV;寿命不低于
     3个月。采用分别溶液法测得几种常见干扰离子的电位选择性系数(IOg K*.)
     如下:C104-0.31;sCN-0.74:NO。-2.30:sr-2.49;CI-3.322 OA。-3.60;
     SO.‘-六.89。实验还发现,随着碳链数的增加,载体电极对其他阴离子的选择
     性稍稍降低。
     3 电极对厂具有的高灵敏度高选择性主要是基于厂与唆二哩配合物中的
     中心金属离子 Hg(11)的选择性配合作用;并且双核配合物两个作用中心同时存
     在,亦增强了载体分子与厂之间的相互作用。含载体的氯仿溶液与KI的水溶
     液振荡处理0.sh后,所得有机相的可见紫外光谱图与仅含载体的氯仿溶液所得
     的谱图及氯仿与KI水溶液振荡处理0.sh后所得有机相的谱图三者比较,吸收
     峰在强度和波长方面均发生改变,证明:载体与厂发生作用。取含
     【Hg。(11)BMTP(N 山】和二Hg。(11 )BMTB(N山二的载体膜,分另在(-*~10一)mol.L”‘
     浓度范围测试膜的交流阻抗行为,发现电极过程受扩散控制。对所获得的交流
     阻抗数据进行等效电路模拟;得到的等效电路图与曾被提出的简化等效电路图
     一致。
     4将制作的各载体PVC膜电极进行标准电位滴定实验,结果表明这些电极
     测量值的相对标准偏差在+5.0%~+8.2%之间。将这些膜电极初步应用于嘉陵江
     水样测定,测得的结果与采用光谱方法所得的结果相符。测得这些膜电极的回
     收率在99.l%-102.0%之间。
SYNTHESIS.. ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS
    OF POLYMETHLENE BRIDGED BIS (5—METHYL—i, 3, 4—THIADIAZOLE)
    COMPLEXES OF MERCURY(II)
    
    ABSTRACT
    
    Design, synthesis and application of highly selective and sensitive neutral carriers are main research subjects in the ion selective electrode studies. Recently, study on solvent polymeric membrane (SPM) ion selective electrodes exhibiting an anti-Hofmeister selectivity pattern is an important project in the fields of electrochemistry and electroanalytical chemistry. This thesis focuses on the development of new SPM ion selective electrodes based on neutral carriers and their application as electrochemical sensors in environmental protection. The work performed and results obtained are summarized as follows:
    
    This paper reports design of neutral carrier for solvent polymeric membrane iodide electrode with high sensitivity and selectivity.
    
    1 A systematic study on about five Bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole) derivatives and 15 complexes based on mercury( II) salts showed that one complexes with four carbon chain were the most promising candidates for iodide ionophores. The sequence of selective response of the sensing membrane is 1 >ClO.i >SCN >NOi >Br >C1 >OA&
    
    >SOA, deviated from the Hofmeister pattern.
    
    2 A new solvent polymeric membrane electrode based on Bis(l,3,4
    
    —thiadiazole) complexes of Hg( II) is first described which demonstrates excellent sensitivity toward iodide ion. Some ionophores of a , w
    
    -bis(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl-thio)-alkane with Hg(ll) were synthesized for preparation of SPM electrodes with possibly improved detection limits. It turned out that among the complexes tested the one prepared with
    
    iii
    
    
    
    98 ~iM&~A ~
    
    
    
    1 ,4-bis(5-methyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl-thio) butane and mercury nitrate was the best iodide ion carriers. The PVC iodide electrode containing [Hg2( Il)BMTB(N03)4] shows aNernstian potentiomet- nc response for 8. 5× l0~2.0×104mol.L’ with a detection limit of 5× 108mo1.L and a slope of (59. 0±0. 2)mV/pE(n~6, 25 C) in 0.01 mol.L phosphate buffer solution(pH~2. 4). The 90% response time of the electrode is about 60s. The resistance of the electrode membrane is (8. 33±0. 21) x lO5Q. Standard deviation of the electrode potential reading over a period of 12h in buffered solution of 105mo1. Li’ KI is 0.6mV and the potential readings for the electrode dipped alternately in stirred solution of 10~ and iO5 mol. Li’ show a standard deviation of 1. OmV over 2h. The potentiometric selectivity coefficients with respect to some common ions such as Br<. Cl~. NOIS S0A~ SCN~ OA6 were determined by the separated solution method, the values obtained for 1ogK~”’~ for different [K are: -0.31 for ClOi, -0.74 for SCW, -2.30
    
    for NO;, -2. 49 for Br, -3. 32 for CE, -3. 60 for OA&, -3. 89 for S042. The potent iometric response characteristics of the electrodes incorporating different carriers deteriorate in the following order:
    
    [Hg2 ( II )BMTB(N03)4]> [Hg2 (II )BMTP(N03)4]> [Hg2 (II )BMTE(OAc)4]> [Hg2 (Ii )BMTB(OAc)4].
    
    3 The high potentiometric sensitivity for iodide is thought to be related to the unique interaction between mercury (Ii ),the central canion of the complexes ,and iodide in acid solution. The linear response range and the detection limit deteriorated with adding increasing solution pH, since the interaction between the carrier and iodide was weakened by 01-F. The UV/Vis spectrum of [Hg2 (II )BMTB(N03)4] in CHCI3 after being shaked for O.5h with KI aqueous solution ,proved the interaction
    
    lv
    
    
     dewtltpe98MMch4’xmfPJC
     between them.The a.c.impedance spectra ofelectrode membranes Incorporating
     lonoPhores have also been studied.The results obtained shows that complexes of
     tR \ 11)COlllQ lDtMC!OQIQC SCYOSS tllC iCffibfallC iQ thC tfallSICf DfOCCSS IS Qlllllslofl
     controlled.
     4 Iodlde In sample solution from Jlaling River was determ
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