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企业家能力与企业创新能力的关系研究
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摘要
创新能力是促进企业持续成长和一国经济增长的关键因素之一。自熊彼特提出“企业家创新”理论之后,创新是企业家的重要职能被广泛认同。现阶段中国正处于转型经济时期,为提升我国的国家竞争力和企业的国际竞争力,就亟需研究如何大力发挥企业家能力来提升企业的创新能力。因此,本论文基于演化经济学和能力理论视角,在预研究(定性研究和定量研究)、问卷调查(由企业家填写的112份有效问卷)及实地调查等实证研究的基础上,确定了企业家能力影响企业创新能力的各个层面及各层面的关键感知要素,探讨了这些感知要素与企业创新能力的关系模式,进而从企业家创新行为、惯例、主导逻辑、企业价值观及员工创新行为等层面揭示了企业家能力影响企业创新能力的内在作用机理。
     首先,通过综合文献、前人研究成果和实地调查界定了符合中国国情的企业家、企业家能力概念;建立了包括“一般”和“特殊”能力因素的企业家能力的一般理论框架;设计了衡量企业家能力及企业创新能力的测量量表。
     其次,对样本的数据分析表明,测量量表具有较好的信度和效度。其中,背景变量中的年龄、学历、企业注册类型、企业所处生命周期阶段对企业家能力及企业创新能力的影响存在显著差异;企业家能力对企业创新能力影响的显著程度由强到弱依次为:战略管理能力、创新能力、风险承担能力、关系能力、学习能力、机会和预见能力。而企业家的竞争意识和知人善任能力对企业创新能力的影响不显著。
     第三,实证研究结果揭示了企业家能力不仅直接影响企业创新能力,而且还通过培育组织能力间接影响企业创新能力。通过研究惯例、主导逻辑对企业家创新行为的影响,最终揭示出建立顺畅的能力传导机制,即蕴含在企业家创新行为中的企业家能力通过企业文化建设影响员工创新行为,是实现组织成员的知识和能力共享并最终影响企业的创新能力的关键所在。
     最后,政府及社会各阶层为激励企业家充分发挥其能力,应从制度方面予以保证:实现企业家制度创新、加快企业家市场化进程、加强企业家能力的培训和教育、重视企业文化建设。
Enterprises'innovation is one of the main factor to boost the development of enterprise as well as the national economy. From the Schumpeter's theory about entrepreneurship, innovation is the specific function of entrepreneurship which was being accepted by more and more people. Currently China is at the stage of economic transition, it is profoundly significant for the Chinese companies'to research how to increase enterprises'innovation by fully exert entrepreneurial ability. Therefore, mainly from the perspective of evolution economy and enterprise competence theory, and basing on the empirical researches including pilot study (qualitative and quantitative research stage), questionnaire study (112 valid respondents for the entrepreneur) and field survey, this dissertation establishes the perception levels and key perceptual dimensions of each level of entrepreneurship ability influencing the enterprises'innovation, discusses the relationship model between of theses key perceptual dimensions and enterprises' innovation. At last, this paper attempts to explain the inner mechanism of the entrepreneur influencing the enterprises'innovation from the view of entrepreneur innovation behavior, enterprise'habits, dominant logic, Corporate Values and employee innovation behavior.
     Firstly, the paper tries to define the concept of entrepreneurship and enterprise' innovation basing on the previous researches, build the common theory framework including the "general" and "special" factor about entrepreneurship, design the measurement table for surveying entrepreneurship and enterprise'innovation.
     Secondly, the analyzing of the data of stylebook indicates that each measurement table presents favorable credibility and validity. The background variables of age, education level, the enterprise'registration type and the enterprise'lifecycle have markedly different influences on entrepreneurship ability as well as enterprise' innovation ability. Among them, the list in order from most to least influential is strategic management ability, innovation ability, risk bearing ability, building relationship ability, studying ability, opportunity decision-making ability. However, the ability about competition and management human resource has little influence to enterprise' innovation.
     Thirdly, empirical studied indicate that entrepreneurship not only impact the enterprise' innovation directly, but also cultivate the organization ability to impact the enterprise' innovation indirectly. By researching the enterprise' habits and dominant logic, this paper finally put forward the opinion which is to build the smooth competence transfer mechanism, namely, entrepreneurship ability of entrepreneurship innovation behavior impact employee innovation behavior by enterprise culture is the key factor to achieve sharing of the knowledge and competence and increase the enterprise' innovation
     Finally, for inspire the entrepreneurship fully exert their ability to promote enterprise' innovation, the government and society ought to guarantee from the system: achieve the innovation about entrepreneurship system, accelerate the progress about entrepreneurship marketing, and reinforce the teaching and education, recognition the construct the enterprise culture.
引文
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