40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG的研制
摘要
重庆是长江中上游重要的油菜生产基地,油菜品种以甘蓝型为主,还有相当部分的芥菜型和白菜型油菜。目前,重庆油菜田使用除草剂以百草枯、草甘膦等灭生性除草剂为主,在油菜移栽前除草。这种除草方式存在控制杂草时间短、对油菜移栽后出土杂草不起作用等缺点,因此有必要开发适于重庆地区油菜品种及特殊区域气候的油菜田苗后杂草防除技术及相应除草剂。
水分散粒剂,也称干悬浮剂,是在20世纪80年代初在欧美迅速发展起来的新剂型,它克服了农药可湿性粉剂的粉尘污染和农药悬浮剂的物化性质不稳定等问题,是今后农药剂型加工重要的发展趋势。
本文通过室内毒力测定、安全性评价及最佳配比筛选,选择草除灵和高效氟吡甲禾灵为有效成分,通过剂型加工将二者加工成混剂产品-40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG；实验室建立了该产品的检测分析方法；最后通过田间药效试验确定了40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG在重庆地区的田间用量。现将主要研究方法及结果摘要如下：
1室内生物测定
采用FAO推荐的茎叶喷雾法,测定了油菜田防禾本科杂草除草剂精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵、烯草酮对稗草的生物活性及防阔叶除草剂草除灵、胺苯磺隆和乙羧氟草醚对油菜的安全性。结果表明,对稗草活性最高的是高效氟吡甲禾灵(EC50=8.6433 g/L),对油菜安全性最高的是草除灵(对甘蓝型油菜选择性指数为2.4),因此选择将草除灵和高效氟吡甲禾灵复配来防除油菜田禾本科和阔叶杂草；室内联合毒力测定实验表明草除灵与高效氟吡甲禾灵的最佳配比为3-4：1,考虑到重庆地区油菜田杂草以阔叶杂草为主,且防除难度较大,应适当增加防阔叶杂草除草剂在混剂中的比例,因此确定草除灵与高效氟吡甲禾灵的最佳配比为4：1。
2 40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG配方的确定
通过润湿剂、载体、分散剂、崩解剂等的筛选,并经过正交设计进行配方优化,实验最后确定40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG的配方为：
有效成分1草除灵32%、
有效成分2高效氟吡甲禾灵8%、
润湿剂K122%、
分散剂木质素磺酸钠10%、
崩解剂硫酸铵5%、
载体1白炭黑8%、
载体2高岭士补足100%。
3 40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG的质量检测及分析方法的建立
采用FAO、GB推荐的方法对实验室加工的40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG样品的悬浮率、润湿性、分散性、崩解性、热贮稳定性、PH值、细度等进行测定,40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG各项性能指标如下：形状为灰白色柱状颗粒,粒径为1-2 mm,润湿时间为8.2s,悬浮率为87.88%,崩解时间为46.8s,pH值为6.667,含水量为0.47%,草除灵热贮分解率为0.84%,高效氟吡甲禾灵热贮分解率为1.74%。产品各项指标均达到国家标准。
4 40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG防除油菜田杂草的田间药效试验
参照农药田间药效试验准则,在重庆市潼南县进行了40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG防除油菜田杂草的田间药效实验,结果表明实验药剂对油菜田的杂草具有较好的防除效果,施药30天后防效达到最高,总株防效和鲜重防效达到80%-85%,对油菜田优势杂草繁缕和早熟禾的防效甚至达到了100%。实验药剂各处理浓度对油菜没有出现药害现象,因此本着经济、高效和环保的原则,推荐40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG的田间用量为250 g·ai/ha。
Chongqing is an important production base of rape plants in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River. It offers a large variety of rape, including Napus as the main type, as well as many leaf mustards rape and the cabbage rape. Now, the variety of herbicide used in rape field is comparatively limited, which is mainly used before transplant, for example, acetochlor and glyphosate. Acetochlor and glyphosate hardly keep effective to weed after rape were transplanted, and can not control weed for a long time. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new herbicide products, which were used at the developmental stage of rape in Chongqing area.
Water dispersible granule was a new pesticide formulation growing rapidly in America and Europe in 1980s for it keeps all merits of granule and high dispersibility of suspension agent and avoids the dust pollution of wettable powder and instability of physicochemical properties.
The paper adopts the composition of benazolin-ethyl and haloxyfop-R-methyl to extirpate weed in brassica napus fields from the aspects of the determination of toxicity, the determination of safety and the determination of sutiability. Processed through the formulations, benazolin-ethyl and haloxyfop-R-methyl will be processed into 40% Benazolin-ethyl. Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG, and then established a 40% Benazolin-ethyl·Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG test detection methods, and through the product quality inspection, the final test carried out 40% Benazolin-ethyl Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG of the field trials. The main research methods and results are summarized as follows:
1 Determination of Toxicity
FAO recommended using leaf spray method, measured Quizalofop, Haloxyfop-R-methyl, Clethodim on Barnyardgrass activity and Benazolin-ethyl, Ethametsulfuron and Fluoroglycofen ether of the Rape of security. The results showed that the highest activity against weeds is the Haloxyfop-R-methyl (EC_(50)= 8.6433 g/L), the security of rape is the highest Benazolin-ethyl (Brassica napus selective index of 2.4), so the option to experiment with Benazolin-ethyl and Haloxyfop-R-methyl complex to weed control in rape. The experiments measured the Benazolin-ethyl and Haloxyfop-R-methyl, the best ratio of 3～4:1, due to broad-leaved weeds in oilseed rape fields mainly weed, and Control in difficult, so experiment to determine the best ratio of Benazolin-ethyl and Haloxyfop-R-methyl for the 4:1.
2 40% Benazolin-ethyl·Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG Formula to Determine
Through Wetting agent, Vector, Dispersant, Disintegrant and so on screening, and formulation optimization through the orthogonal design experiment to determine 40% Benazolin-ethyl Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG, the final formula for Benazolin-ethyl32%, Haloxyfop-R-methyl 8%, Silica 8%, K12 2%, Lignosulfonate 10%, Ammonium 5%, Kaolin supplement 100%.
3 The Quality Testing and Analysis Method Found of 40%Benazolin-ethyl·Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG
According to the method commended by FAO and GB, the samples are determined from the following aspects:suspension, percentage, wettability, dispersibility, disintegrative, stability of heat retaining, PH and fineness. The performance index of 40%benazolin-ethyl·haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG lies as follows:gray granules of prismatic structure with 1-2mm in diameter is formed; the wetting time is 8.2s; the suspension rate is 87.88%; disintegration time is 46.8s; PH is 6.667; moisture content is 0.47%; the decomposition rate after heat storage of benazolin-ethyl is 0.84%, the decomposition rate after heat storage of haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG is 1.74%。All these performance figures conform to the national standard.
4 40% Benazolin-ethyl·Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG Rape Weed Control in Field Trials
Referring to the rules of field trials, the research on the effect of 40% Benazolin-ethyl Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG on rape is done in Tongnan of Chongqing province. Both of the experimental chemical and the control group chemical are effective. The effectiveness reaches highest after 30days. For the effect, there is no significant difference between the experimental chemical and the control group chemical. More, no chemical damage phenomenon is caused. Following the principles of economics, high rate and environment protection,250 g·ai/ha of 40% Benazolin-ethyl. Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG is commended.
水分散粒剂,也称干悬浮剂,是在20世纪80年代初在欧美迅速发展起来的新剂型,它克服了农药可湿性粉剂的粉尘污染和农药悬浮剂的物化性质不稳定等问题,是今后农药剂型加工重要的发展趋势。
本文通过室内毒力测定、安全性评价及最佳配比筛选,选择草除灵和高效氟吡甲禾灵为有效成分,通过剂型加工将二者加工成混剂产品-40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG；实验室建立了该产品的检测分析方法；最后通过田间药效试验确定了40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG在重庆地区的田间用量。现将主要研究方法及结果摘要如下：
1室内生物测定
采用FAO推荐的茎叶喷雾法,测定了油菜田防禾本科杂草除草剂精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵、烯草酮对稗草的生物活性及防阔叶除草剂草除灵、胺苯磺隆和乙羧氟草醚对油菜的安全性。结果表明,对稗草活性最高的是高效氟吡甲禾灵(EC50=8.6433 g/L),对油菜安全性最高的是草除灵(对甘蓝型油菜选择性指数为2.4),因此选择将草除灵和高效氟吡甲禾灵复配来防除油菜田禾本科和阔叶杂草；室内联合毒力测定实验表明草除灵与高效氟吡甲禾灵的最佳配比为3-4：1,考虑到重庆地区油菜田杂草以阔叶杂草为主,且防除难度较大,应适当增加防阔叶杂草除草剂在混剂中的比例,因此确定草除灵与高效氟吡甲禾灵的最佳配比为4：1。
2 40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG配方的确定
通过润湿剂、载体、分散剂、崩解剂等的筛选,并经过正交设计进行配方优化,实验最后确定40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG的配方为：
有效成分1草除灵32%、
有效成分2高效氟吡甲禾灵8%、
润湿剂K122%、
分散剂木质素磺酸钠10%、
崩解剂硫酸铵5%、
载体1白炭黑8%、
载体2高岭士补足100%。
3 40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG的质量检测及分析方法的建立
采用FAO、GB推荐的方法对实验室加工的40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG样品的悬浮率、润湿性、分散性、崩解性、热贮稳定性、PH值、细度等进行测定,40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG各项性能指标如下：形状为灰白色柱状颗粒,粒径为1-2 mm,润湿时间为8.2s,悬浮率为87.88%,崩解时间为46.8s,pH值为6.667,含水量为0.47%,草除灵热贮分解率为0.84%,高效氟吡甲禾灵热贮分解率为1.74%。产品各项指标均达到国家标准。
4 40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG防除油菜田杂草的田间药效试验
参照农药田间药效试验准则,在重庆市潼南县进行了40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG防除油菜田杂草的田间药效实验,结果表明实验药剂对油菜田的杂草具有较好的防除效果,施药30天后防效达到最高,总株防效和鲜重防效达到80%-85%,对油菜田优势杂草繁缕和早熟禾的防效甚至达到了100%。实验药剂各处理浓度对油菜没有出现药害现象,因此本着经济、高效和环保的原则,推荐40%草除灵·高效氟吡甲禾灵WDG的田间用量为250 g·ai/ha。
Chongqing is an important production base of rape plants in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River. It offers a large variety of rape, including Napus as the main type, as well as many leaf mustards rape and the cabbage rape. Now, the variety of herbicide used in rape field is comparatively limited, which is mainly used before transplant, for example, acetochlor and glyphosate. Acetochlor and glyphosate hardly keep effective to weed after rape were transplanted, and can not control weed for a long time. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new herbicide products, which were used at the developmental stage of rape in Chongqing area.
Water dispersible granule was a new pesticide formulation growing rapidly in America and Europe in 1980s for it keeps all merits of granule and high dispersibility of suspension agent and avoids the dust pollution of wettable powder and instability of physicochemical properties.
The paper adopts the composition of benazolin-ethyl and haloxyfop-R-methyl to extirpate weed in brassica napus fields from the aspects of the determination of toxicity, the determination of safety and the determination of sutiability. Processed through the formulations, benazolin-ethyl and haloxyfop-R-methyl will be processed into 40% Benazolin-ethyl. Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG, and then established a 40% Benazolin-ethyl·Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG test detection methods, and through the product quality inspection, the final test carried out 40% Benazolin-ethyl Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG of the field trials. The main research methods and results are summarized as follows:
1 Determination of Toxicity
FAO recommended using leaf spray method, measured Quizalofop, Haloxyfop-R-methyl, Clethodim on Barnyardgrass activity and Benazolin-ethyl, Ethametsulfuron and Fluoroglycofen ether of the Rape of security. The results showed that the highest activity against weeds is the Haloxyfop-R-methyl (EC_(50)= 8.6433 g/L), the security of rape is the highest Benazolin-ethyl (Brassica napus selective index of 2.4), so the option to experiment with Benazolin-ethyl and Haloxyfop-R-methyl complex to weed control in rape. The experiments measured the Benazolin-ethyl and Haloxyfop-R-methyl, the best ratio of 3～4:1, due to broad-leaved weeds in oilseed rape fields mainly weed, and Control in difficult, so experiment to determine the best ratio of Benazolin-ethyl and Haloxyfop-R-methyl for the 4:1.
2 40% Benazolin-ethyl·Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG Formula to Determine
Through Wetting agent, Vector, Dispersant, Disintegrant and so on screening, and formulation optimization through the orthogonal design experiment to determine 40% Benazolin-ethyl Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG, the final formula for Benazolin-ethyl32%, Haloxyfop-R-methyl 8%, Silica 8%, K12 2%, Lignosulfonate 10%, Ammonium 5%, Kaolin supplement 100%.
3 The Quality Testing and Analysis Method Found of 40%Benazolin-ethyl·Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG
According to the method commended by FAO and GB, the samples are determined from the following aspects:suspension, percentage, wettability, dispersibility, disintegrative, stability of heat retaining, PH and fineness. The performance index of 40%benazolin-ethyl·haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG lies as follows:gray granules of prismatic structure with 1-2mm in diameter is formed; the wetting time is 8.2s; the suspension rate is 87.88%; disintegration time is 46.8s; PH is 6.667; moisture content is 0.47%; the decomposition rate after heat storage of benazolin-ethyl is 0.84%, the decomposition rate after heat storage of haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG is 1.74%。All these performance figures conform to the national standard.
4 40% Benazolin-ethyl·Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG Rape Weed Control in Field Trials
Referring to the rules of field trials, the research on the effect of 40% Benazolin-ethyl Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG on rape is done in Tongnan of Chongqing province. Both of the experimental chemical and the control group chemical are effective. The effectiveness reaches highest after 30days. For the effect, there is no significant difference between the experimental chemical and the control group chemical. More, no chemical damage phenomenon is caused. Following the principles of economics, high rate and environment protection,250 g·ai/ha of 40% Benazolin-ethyl. Haloxyfop-R-methyl WDG is commended.
引文
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