我国职业教育发展的理论与实证研究
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摘要
职业教育作为我国国民教育体系的重要组成部分,在实施科教兴国和人才强国战略中具有特殊的重要地位。改革开放以来,我国先后召开了六次全国职业教育工作会议,制定并实施了多项推进职业教育发展的重大举措,使我国职业教育出现了前所未有的良好发展态势。但总体看,我国职业教育仍然十分薄弱,还不能适应经济社会发展对数以亿计高素质技能人才的迫切需要。因此,我们应继续大力发展我国的职业教育。
大力发展我国的职业教育既需要一大批职业教育的身体力行者,又需要一大批职业教育的理论研究者,以共同推动我国职业教育又好又快地向前发展。为了进一步拓展我国职业教育科学研究的理论基础,深化完善我国职业教育的理论体系,将研究成果应用于实际,指导我国职业教育的实践,不断巩固职业教育在我国教育体系中的重要地位,进一步发挥其在建设有中国特色社会主义事业中的特殊作用。本文沿着基本理论、运行机理、发展模式、评价方法、实证研究的技术路径,运用文献法、问卷调查法、实地调查法、定性分析法、定量分析法等手段,围绕我国职业教育发展的理论和实证,进行了较为系统的研究。
全文共分九章。第一章为导论。概述了选题的目的和意义,国内外关于职业教育的相关研究,本文研究的主要思路和方法。第二章为职业教育的理论基础。分别阐述了系统论、需求层次论、产教结合理论、产业发展理论的基本内容,以及这些理论在本文研究中的具体运用。第三章为职业教育及其影响因素。前二节主要论述了职业教育的基本概念,包括其内涵、分类、特点及功能等,指出职业教育是运用专门学校或职业培训的方式,对受教育者进行职前教育、职中提高和职后培训,以传授专门职业或职业群需要的文化知识、基本理论、专门技能和劳动态度,以培养初、中、高级技能型人才为主要目标的就业教育。第三节比较系统地论述了影响我国职业教育发展的五个因素,即政府因素、工业化因素、社会转型因素、学习型社会因素及职业院校因素。第四章为职业教育发展的国际比较。在回顾我国职业教育几千年发展历程的基础上,提出了我国职业教育具有历史悠久、发展曲折、产生了一些职业教育理论及思想、基本形成了具有中国特色职业教育制度等四个发展特征。概述了英国、德国、美国、日本等四个先进的资本主义国家职业教育的发展现状及特点,提出了国外职业教育发展的四种主要模式。从七个维度进行了中外职业教育发展特征的比较。最后论述了世界职业教育发展的四大趋势。第五章为我国职业教育发展的运行机理。系统论述了我国职业教育与产业发展的互动机理、我国职业教育的发展目标、我国职业教育的管理体制、我国职业教育的发展路径、我国职业教育发展的支持体系等主要内容。在互动机理上,提出了我国职业教育与产业发展的三种互动机理模型:协同性模型、适应性模型、二元线性回归模型。在发展目标上,提出了我国职业教育未来15年的发展总目标及其两阶段发展目标。在管理体制上,提出了我国职业教育的三级多元管理体制。在发展路径上,提出了我国职业教育将沿着自然形态职业教育、学校形态职业教育、校企合作职业教育、多元驱动职业教育的四阶段路径发展。在支持体系上,提出了法律法规保障体系、多元化投入体系、职业资格评估体系、多元化办学体系、教师能力提高体系等五方面是支持我国职业教育发展的关键。第六章为我国职业教育的发展模式。根据我国职业教育的发展演变过程,提出了我国职业教育的四种发展模式:师徒制模式、学校教育模式、校企合作模式、四元驱动模式。第七章为我国职业教育发展的评价。在论述我国职业教育发展评价指标体系构建的五项原则的基础上,提出了由46个评价指标构成的我国职业教育发展的评价指标体系。提出了我国职业教育发展的四种定量评价方法:因子分析法、聚类分析法、拉开档次法、对应分析法。第八章为武汉制药产业职业教育发展的实证研究。在分析武汉制药产业发展现状的基础上,提出了武汉制药产业发展的五个特点。在概述了武汉制药产业职业教育现状的基础上,运用“鱼刺图”分析了武汉制药产业职业教育存在的主要问题。本章对武汉制药产业“十一五”的职业教育发展进行了二元线性回归分析。本章最后从五个方面对四元驱动模式进行了系统的论述,并提出四元驱动模式是我国职业教育发展的最佳模式选择。第九章为全文总结与展望。总结了本文主要分析和论述的问题,提出了论文的主要创新点,指出了今后继续研究的展望。
对上述理论与实际问题的分析和论述,有利于进一步深化我国职业教育发展的理论和实践,有利于职业教育为我国社会经济发展作出更大的贡献。
Vocational education,as an important part of our national education system, plays a significant role in the implementation of sciencle and education to rejuvenate the nation and the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development.Since China introduced reform and opening policies,six national vocational education conferences have been successively held,which frames several important measures to speed the development of vocational education,so that an unprecedented good development situation emerges.In general,our vocational education is still so weak that it can not adapt to the situation that economic development cries out for tens of millions of high-quality talents.Therefore,many efforts should be made to develop our national vocational education.
Developing our vocational education not only requires a big batch of people who makes it happen,but a great many researchers,to work together getting our vocational education move forward better and faster.To further extend the theoretic foundation for scientific research and deepen the theoretic system of our vocational education, research findings should be put into practice,as guidance to the implementation of vocational education,so as to consolidate vocational education's serious position in the education system and bring its special role into play in the constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics.The dissertation has done systematic studies based on fundamental theory,operating mechanism,development mode,method of evaluation, as well as examples studying.Several measures are applied to focus on the development of China's vocational education,both theoretically and empirically,like literature cited,site investigation,way of qualitative analysis and method of quantitative analysis.
The dissertation has nine chapters.The first chapter is introduction that states the purpose and significance of the topic,concerning domestic and foreign researches on vocational education as well as the main idea and approaches of the study.The second chapter is about vocational education's theoretical foundation,which expounds system theory,need hierarchy theory,integration of production and education,and theory of industry development,also the concrete application of such theories in this dissertation.The third chapter introduces vocational education and its influence.First two sections state the basic concept of vocational education,including its meaning, category,features and function,etc,which points out vocational education conducts pre-cultivating and pro-training on people educated in the way of school or occupation training.It is employment education targeting all levels of skilled talents to teach them professional knowledge about culture,basic theory,and specialized skill and work attitude.The third section illustrates five factors that exert influence on the development of China's vocational education,such as government,industrialization, social transition,learning society and vocational colleges.The fourth chapter makes an international comparison about the development of vocational education.Looking back to thousands of years' experience,our vocational education has a long history and undergoes a complicated path,so that some theories or thoughts come into being, and thus four features of vocational education with Chinese characteristic get shaped. It briefs the development and characteristic of some advanced capitalist countries' vocational education,like England,German,America and Japan.It put forwards four primary modes that foreign vocational education develops and international comparison of development characteristics in seven -dimension.At last,it discusses world vocational education has four big trends.The fifth chapter introduces our vocational education's operating mechanism,which illustrates the interactive mechanism between our vocational education and industry development,our development goal,our management system,our development path and the supporting systems for the development of our vocational education.On interactive mechanism, three interactive mechanism models between vocational education and industry development are proposed:cooperative model,adaptive model and binary linear regression model.On development goal,a general goal for future 15 years' development of our vocational education and the goals for its two stages are raised up. On management system,the three-class multiple management system is explained.On development path,our vocational education will undergo four stages,natural-form vocational education,school-type vocational education,the vocational education under the cooperation of school and industry,as well as multi-element driven vocational education.On supporting system,our vocational education will be greatly supported by:security system of laws and regulations,system of pluralistic investment,vocational qualification system,plural pattern school running system and system of improving teacher's ability.The sixth chapter introduces our vocational education has four modes based on its developing process,which includes master and apprentice system,school education mode,mode under the cooperation of school and industry and four-element driven mode.The seventh chapter evaluates the development of our vocational education.Our vocational education's evaluation index system consists of five principles,based on which it concludes the system has 46 indexes.Four quantitative assessment methods are put forward:factor analysis, clustering analysis,grad scale-up method and corresponding analysis method.The eighth chapter cites an example with pharmaceutical enterprises of Wuhan.After it briefs the current vocational education situation of Wuhan pharmaceutical enterprises, five development characteristics are summarized for them and the fishbone chart is used to analyze their major problems.Also,the chapter makes a binary linear regression analysis on their vocational education development.At the end of this chapter,four-element driven mode is discussed into five aspects,and the mode is regarded as the best choice of our vocational education.The ninth chapter gives a conclusion and forecasts the future,which summarizes major issues the dissertation analyzes and discusses,main innovative points the dissertation has and further research the dissertation will make in the future.
Above theoretic analysis and discussions on actual problems will play an important role in further deepening the theory and practice of the development of China's vocational education,which helps the vocational education makes a big contribution to the development of our social economy.
大力发展我国的职业教育既需要一大批职业教育的身体力行者,又需要一大批职业教育的理论研究者,以共同推动我国职业教育又好又快地向前发展。为了进一步拓展我国职业教育科学研究的理论基础,深化完善我国职业教育的理论体系,将研究成果应用于实际,指导我国职业教育的实践,不断巩固职业教育在我国教育体系中的重要地位,进一步发挥其在建设有中国特色社会主义事业中的特殊作用。本文沿着基本理论、运行机理、发展模式、评价方法、实证研究的技术路径,运用文献法、问卷调查法、实地调查法、定性分析法、定量分析法等手段,围绕我国职业教育发展的理论和实证,进行了较为系统的研究。
全文共分九章。第一章为导论。概述了选题的目的和意义,国内外关于职业教育的相关研究,本文研究的主要思路和方法。第二章为职业教育的理论基础。分别阐述了系统论、需求层次论、产教结合理论、产业发展理论的基本内容,以及这些理论在本文研究中的具体运用。第三章为职业教育及其影响因素。前二节主要论述了职业教育的基本概念,包括其内涵、分类、特点及功能等,指出职业教育是运用专门学校或职业培训的方式,对受教育者进行职前教育、职中提高和职后培训,以传授专门职业或职业群需要的文化知识、基本理论、专门技能和劳动态度,以培养初、中、高级技能型人才为主要目标的就业教育。第三节比较系统地论述了影响我国职业教育发展的五个因素,即政府因素、工业化因素、社会转型因素、学习型社会因素及职业院校因素。第四章为职业教育发展的国际比较。在回顾我国职业教育几千年发展历程的基础上,提出了我国职业教育具有历史悠久、发展曲折、产生了一些职业教育理论及思想、基本形成了具有中国特色职业教育制度等四个发展特征。概述了英国、德国、美国、日本等四个先进的资本主义国家职业教育的发展现状及特点,提出了国外职业教育发展的四种主要模式。从七个维度进行了中外职业教育发展特征的比较。最后论述了世界职业教育发展的四大趋势。第五章为我国职业教育发展的运行机理。系统论述了我国职业教育与产业发展的互动机理、我国职业教育的发展目标、我国职业教育的管理体制、我国职业教育的发展路径、我国职业教育发展的支持体系等主要内容。在互动机理上,提出了我国职业教育与产业发展的三种互动机理模型:协同性模型、适应性模型、二元线性回归模型。在发展目标上,提出了我国职业教育未来15年的发展总目标及其两阶段发展目标。在管理体制上,提出了我国职业教育的三级多元管理体制。在发展路径上,提出了我国职业教育将沿着自然形态职业教育、学校形态职业教育、校企合作职业教育、多元驱动职业教育的四阶段路径发展。在支持体系上,提出了法律法规保障体系、多元化投入体系、职业资格评估体系、多元化办学体系、教师能力提高体系等五方面是支持我国职业教育发展的关键。第六章为我国职业教育的发展模式。根据我国职业教育的发展演变过程,提出了我国职业教育的四种发展模式:师徒制模式、学校教育模式、校企合作模式、四元驱动模式。第七章为我国职业教育发展的评价。在论述我国职业教育发展评价指标体系构建的五项原则的基础上,提出了由46个评价指标构成的我国职业教育发展的评价指标体系。提出了我国职业教育发展的四种定量评价方法:因子分析法、聚类分析法、拉开档次法、对应分析法。第八章为武汉制药产业职业教育发展的实证研究。在分析武汉制药产业发展现状的基础上,提出了武汉制药产业发展的五个特点。在概述了武汉制药产业职业教育现状的基础上,运用“鱼刺图”分析了武汉制药产业职业教育存在的主要问题。本章对武汉制药产业“十一五”的职业教育发展进行了二元线性回归分析。本章最后从五个方面对四元驱动模式进行了系统的论述,并提出四元驱动模式是我国职业教育发展的最佳模式选择。第九章为全文总结与展望。总结了本文主要分析和论述的问题,提出了论文的主要创新点,指出了今后继续研究的展望。
对上述理论与实际问题的分析和论述,有利于进一步深化我国职业教育发展的理论和实践,有利于职业教育为我国社会经济发展作出更大的贡献。
Vocational education,as an important part of our national education system, plays a significant role in the implementation of sciencle and education to rejuvenate the nation and the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development.Since China introduced reform and opening policies,six national vocational education conferences have been successively held,which frames several important measures to speed the development of vocational education,so that an unprecedented good development situation emerges.In general,our vocational education is still so weak that it can not adapt to the situation that economic development cries out for tens of millions of high-quality talents.Therefore,many efforts should be made to develop our national vocational education.
Developing our vocational education not only requires a big batch of people who makes it happen,but a great many researchers,to work together getting our vocational education move forward better and faster.To further extend the theoretic foundation for scientific research and deepen the theoretic system of our vocational education, research findings should be put into practice,as guidance to the implementation of vocational education,so as to consolidate vocational education's serious position in the education system and bring its special role into play in the constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics.The dissertation has done systematic studies based on fundamental theory,operating mechanism,development mode,method of evaluation, as well as examples studying.Several measures are applied to focus on the development of China's vocational education,both theoretically and empirically,like literature cited,site investigation,way of qualitative analysis and method of quantitative analysis.
The dissertation has nine chapters.The first chapter is introduction that states the purpose and significance of the topic,concerning domestic and foreign researches on vocational education as well as the main idea and approaches of the study.The second chapter is about vocational education's theoretical foundation,which expounds system theory,need hierarchy theory,integration of production and education,and theory of industry development,also the concrete application of such theories in this dissertation.The third chapter introduces vocational education and its influence.First two sections state the basic concept of vocational education,including its meaning, category,features and function,etc,which points out vocational education conducts pre-cultivating and pro-training on people educated in the way of school or occupation training.It is employment education targeting all levels of skilled talents to teach them professional knowledge about culture,basic theory,and specialized skill and work attitude.The third section illustrates five factors that exert influence on the development of China's vocational education,such as government,industrialization, social transition,learning society and vocational colleges.The fourth chapter makes an international comparison about the development of vocational education.Looking back to thousands of years' experience,our vocational education has a long history and undergoes a complicated path,so that some theories or thoughts come into being, and thus four features of vocational education with Chinese characteristic get shaped. It briefs the development and characteristic of some advanced capitalist countries' vocational education,like England,German,America and Japan.It put forwards four primary modes that foreign vocational education develops and international comparison of development characteristics in seven -dimension.At last,it discusses world vocational education has four big trends.The fifth chapter introduces our vocational education's operating mechanism,which illustrates the interactive mechanism between our vocational education and industry development,our development goal,our management system,our development path and the supporting systems for the development of our vocational education.On interactive mechanism, three interactive mechanism models between vocational education and industry development are proposed:cooperative model,adaptive model and binary linear regression model.On development goal,a general goal for future 15 years' development of our vocational education and the goals for its two stages are raised up. On management system,the three-class multiple management system is explained.On development path,our vocational education will undergo four stages,natural-form vocational education,school-type vocational education,the vocational education under the cooperation of school and industry,as well as multi-element driven vocational education.On supporting system,our vocational education will be greatly supported by:security system of laws and regulations,system of pluralistic investment,vocational qualification system,plural pattern school running system and system of improving teacher's ability.The sixth chapter introduces our vocational education has four modes based on its developing process,which includes master and apprentice system,school education mode,mode under the cooperation of school and industry and four-element driven mode.The seventh chapter evaluates the development of our vocational education.Our vocational education's evaluation index system consists of five principles,based on which it concludes the system has 46 indexes.Four quantitative assessment methods are put forward:factor analysis, clustering analysis,grad scale-up method and corresponding analysis method.The eighth chapter cites an example with pharmaceutical enterprises of Wuhan.After it briefs the current vocational education situation of Wuhan pharmaceutical enterprises, five development characteristics are summarized for them and the fishbone chart is used to analyze their major problems.Also,the chapter makes a binary linear regression analysis on their vocational education development.At the end of this chapter,four-element driven mode is discussed into five aspects,and the mode is regarded as the best choice of our vocational education.The ninth chapter gives a conclusion and forecasts the future,which summarizes major issues the dissertation analyzes and discusses,main innovative points the dissertation has and further research the dissertation will make in the future.
Above theoretic analysis and discussions on actual problems will play an important role in further deepening the theory and practice of the development of China's vocational education,which helps the vocational education makes a big contribution to the development of our social economy.
引文
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