下降管式生物质热解液化实验装置的研究
摘要
本文对国内外生物质利用技术：气化、液化、固化的研究现状做了简要的介绍，对生物质快速热解液化技术进行了比较深入的探讨，重点介绍了下降管式生物质热解液化实验装置的研制过程。
本课题的目标是设计研制一种下降管式生物质热解液化装置。该装置采用固体介质——陶瓷球颗粒做热载体，用玉米秸秆粉做原料，通过热陶瓷球与玉米秸秆粉的混合接触，实现玉米秸秆粉的快速升温热解，热解气经冷激装置被冷凝为液化油。
首先对生物质原料——玉米秸秆粉的热重特性进行了实验分析，了解了它的挥发特性。对陶瓷颗粒的力学性能、陶瓷颗粒和玉米秸秆粉的混合堆密度、陶瓷颗粒和玉米秸秆粉混合物沿斜滑道的滑动摩擦及其运动状态进行了研究，从而为热解液化装置相关设备的设计提供了设计依据。
本文说细介绍了下降管式生物质热解液化实验装置的工艺流程和有关设备的设计，突出了许多在研制过程中应注意的事项。
下降管式生物质热解液化实验装置建成后，进行了多次开机实验，并记录了实验结果。在实验中，发现了问题，提出了改进措施。对液化油成分的分析，表明了它具有广阔的应用前景。
The utilization status of biomass thermal conversion technologies, including gasification, liquefaction and carbonization, were reviewed briefly in this thesis. The biomass fast pyrolysis liquefaction technology was studied in detail with the greatest emphasis on the development of the experimental apparatus.
The objective of this study was to develop an experimental apparatus for fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil. The thermogravimetric characteristics of palletized corn stalk and wheat straw were determined for analyzing their volatility. The physical properties of ceramic balls, palletized corn stalk and their mixture were also determined. Based on these preliminary studies, a down flow tube reactor of biomass pyrolysis was designed, fabricated and modified. Ceramic balls were used as the heat carrier in the reactor to heat up the biomass with very high heating rate at moderate temperature.
Experiments of fast pyrolysis of palletized corn stalk were conducted in the reactor for the purpose of determining the bio-oil yields and their composition with varying ceramic ball temperature and flowrate, palletized corn stalk size and flowrate. The chemicals determined from the bio-oil are valuable indicating a wide range of application of the bio-oil.
本课题的目标是设计研制一种下降管式生物质热解液化装置。该装置采用固体介质——陶瓷球颗粒做热载体，用玉米秸秆粉做原料，通过热陶瓷球与玉米秸秆粉的混合接触，实现玉米秸秆粉的快速升温热解，热解气经冷激装置被冷凝为液化油。
首先对生物质原料——玉米秸秆粉的热重特性进行了实验分析，了解了它的挥发特性。对陶瓷颗粒的力学性能、陶瓷颗粒和玉米秸秆粉的混合堆密度、陶瓷颗粒和玉米秸秆粉混合物沿斜滑道的滑动摩擦及其运动状态进行了研究，从而为热解液化装置相关设备的设计提供了设计依据。
本文说细介绍了下降管式生物质热解液化实验装置的工艺流程和有关设备的设计，突出了许多在研制过程中应注意的事项。
下降管式生物质热解液化实验装置建成后，进行了多次开机实验，并记录了实验结果。在实验中，发现了问题，提出了改进措施。对液化油成分的分析，表明了它具有广阔的应用前景。
The utilization status of biomass thermal conversion technologies, including gasification, liquefaction and carbonization, were reviewed briefly in this thesis. The biomass fast pyrolysis liquefaction technology was studied in detail with the greatest emphasis on the development of the experimental apparatus.
The objective of this study was to develop an experimental apparatus for fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil. The thermogravimetric characteristics of palletized corn stalk and wheat straw were determined for analyzing their volatility. The physical properties of ceramic balls, palletized corn stalk and their mixture were also determined. Based on these preliminary studies, a down flow tube reactor of biomass pyrolysis was designed, fabricated and modified. Ceramic balls were used as the heat carrier in the reactor to heat up the biomass with very high heating rate at moderate temperature.
Experiments of fast pyrolysis of palletized corn stalk were conducted in the reactor for the purpose of determining the bio-oil yields and their composition with varying ceramic ball temperature and flowrate, palletized corn stalk size and flowrate. The chemicals determined from the bio-oil are valuable indicating a wide range of application of the bio-oil.
引文
[1] 张百良．农村能源工程学．北京：中国农业出版社．1999
[2] 易维明．生物质利用导论．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1996
[3] 马经国．新能源技术．南京：江苏科学技术出版社，1992
[4] 吴创之，阴秀丽．欧洲生物质能利用的现状及特点．新能源，1999，21(3)：30～35
[5] 吴相淦，鲁楠．农村能源．北京：农业山版社，1988
[6] 朱世伟．中国农村能源技术经济．北京：水利电力出版社，1988
[7] 张无敌，刘士青，何彩云．生物质潜力及其能源转化．自然资源，1996，(4)22～25
[8] A.V.Bridgewater, Principle and practice of biomass fast pyrolysis processes for liquids[J].Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis.1999,51:3-22
[9] Beenakers A ACM,Maniatis K. Gasification technologies for heat and power from biomass Biomass for Energy and Environment proceedings of the 9th European Bioenergy conference, 1996
[10] Par Y G, Velo E, puiganer L. pyrolysis of blends of biomass with poor coals.Fuel, 1996,75(4) 412-418
[11] BTG Biomass Technology Group. The prolysis pilot plant, Final Versin.1996
[12] Venendal R, Jφrgensen U,Foster C. Synthesis Report of the European Energy Crops Overview project. Enschede, The Netherlands: BTG, 1996
[13] Diebold JP, Bridgwater A V. overview of fast pyrolysis ofbiomass for the production of liquid fuels. In : Bridgwater AV, Boocock D G P. Developments in thermo chemical Biomass Conversion. Blackie. 1997.5-26
[14] Soltes E J, Milne TA. Pyrolysis oils from biomass. ACS symp, Washington:1998
[15] Knight JA, et al. oil production by entrained flow pyrolysis of biomass,1984,6:69-76
[16] http://www.ceac.aston.ac.uk/PyNE/
[17] 戴先文，吴创之，陈勇．固体生物质的热解液化．新能源，1998，20(8)：1～4
[18] 张容善．散料输送与贮存[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，1994
[19] 张少明，翟绪东，刘亚云．粉体工程[M]．北京：中国建材出版社，1994
[20] 丁振森等编．林产化学工业手册．北京：中国林业出版社，1980
[21] 蔡耀辉等编．实用机械设计手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1984
[22] 汪荣鑫编．数理统计．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1986
[23] 王光谦，倪晋仁．颗粒流研究力学与实践．1992，14(1)：7～9
[24] 王树荣，寥艳芬，骆仲泱等．生物质热裂解制油的动力学及技术研究．燃料科学与技术，2002，8(2)176～180
[25] 张洲波，谢洪勇，胡大鹏．颗粒在斜槽中中流动的实验研究．中国粉体技术，2001，7(61：1～4
[26] 杨世铭．传热学．北京：高等教育出版社，1987
[27] 姚建中，陈洪章等．玉米秸快速热解．化工冶金，2000，21(4)：434～437
[28] 李志合，易维明．生物质能源利用及发展．山东工程学院学报，2000，14(4)：34～38
[29] 何芳，易维明等．小麦和玉米秸秆热解反应与热解动力学分析．农业工程学报，2002，18(4)：10～13
[30] 孙骊，仇农学．农产品物理特性及测量．陕西科学技术出版社，1998
[31] 易维明，柏雪源等．利用等离子体进行生物质液化技术的研究．山东工程学院学报，
[32] Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass.ACS Symposium series 376,(1988)
[33] Kai Sipila etal.Characterization of Biomass-Based Flash Pyrolysis Oils.Biomass and Bioenergy Vol. 14.No.2(1998)
[34] 邱宣怀，郭可谦等．机械设计．高等教育出版社，2001
[35] (日)栗山良员，矢田敏夫合著．焊接结构的质量保证．北京：国防工业出版社，1987
[36] 吴宗泽．机械结构设计．北京：机械工业出版社，1988
[2] 易维明．生物质利用导论．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1996
[3] 马经国．新能源技术．南京：江苏科学技术出版社，1992
[4] 吴创之，阴秀丽．欧洲生物质能利用的现状及特点．新能源，1999，21(3)：30～35
[5] 吴相淦，鲁楠．农村能源．北京：农业山版社，1988
[6] 朱世伟．中国农村能源技术经济．北京：水利电力出版社，1988
[7] 张无敌，刘士青，何彩云．生物质潜力及其能源转化．自然资源，1996，(4)22～25
[8] A.V.Bridgewater, Principle and practice of biomass fast pyrolysis processes for liquids[J].Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis.1999,51:3-22
[9] Beenakers A ACM,Maniatis K. Gasification technologies for heat and power from biomass Biomass for Energy and Environment proceedings of the 9th European Bioenergy conference, 1996
[10] Par Y G, Velo E, puiganer L. pyrolysis of blends of biomass with poor coals.Fuel, 1996,75(4) 412-418
[11] BTG Biomass Technology Group. The prolysis pilot plant, Final Versin.1996
[12] Venendal R, Jφrgensen U,Foster C. Synthesis Report of the European Energy Crops Overview project. Enschede, The Netherlands: BTG, 1996
[13] Diebold JP, Bridgwater A V. overview of fast pyrolysis ofbiomass for the production of liquid fuels. In : Bridgwater AV, Boocock D G P. Developments in thermo chemical Biomass Conversion. Blackie. 1997.5-26
[14] Soltes E J, Milne TA. Pyrolysis oils from biomass. ACS symp, Washington:1998
[15] Knight JA, et al. oil production by entrained flow pyrolysis of biomass,1984,6:69-76
[16] http://www.ceac.aston.ac.uk/PyNE/
[17] 戴先文，吴创之，陈勇．固体生物质的热解液化．新能源，1998，20(8)：1～4
[18] 张容善．散料输送与贮存[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，1994
[19] 张少明，翟绪东，刘亚云．粉体工程[M]．北京：中国建材出版社，1994
[20] 丁振森等编．林产化学工业手册．北京：中国林业出版社，1980
[21] 蔡耀辉等编．实用机械设计手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1984
[22] 汪荣鑫编．数理统计．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1986
[23] 王光谦，倪晋仁．颗粒流研究力学与实践．1992，14(1)：7～9
[24] 王树荣，寥艳芬，骆仲泱等．生物质热裂解制油的动力学及技术研究．燃料科学与技术，2002，8(2)176～180
[25] 张洲波，谢洪勇，胡大鹏．颗粒在斜槽中中流动的实验研究．中国粉体技术，2001，7(61：1～4
[26] 杨世铭．传热学．北京：高等教育出版社，1987
[27] 姚建中，陈洪章等．玉米秸快速热解．化工冶金，2000，21(4)：434～437
[28] 李志合，易维明．生物质能源利用及发展．山东工程学院学报，2000，14(4)：34～38
[29] 何芳，易维明等．小麦和玉米秸秆热解反应与热解动力学分析．农业工程学报，2002，18(4)：10～13
[30] 孙骊，仇农学．农产品物理特性及测量．陕西科学技术出版社，1998
[31] 易维明，柏雪源等．利用等离子体进行生物质液化技术的研究．山东工程学院学报，
[32] Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass.ACS Symposium series 376,(1988)
[33] Kai Sipila etal.Characterization of Biomass-Based Flash Pyrolysis Oils.Biomass and Bioenergy Vol. 14.No.2(1998)
[34] 邱宣怀，郭可谦等．机械设计．高等教育出版社，2001
[35] (日)栗山良员，矢田敏夫合著．焊接结构的质量保证．北京：国防工业出版社，1987
[36] 吴宗泽．机械结构设计．北京：机械工业出版社，1988
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