半胱胺对猪生长的影响及作用机理研究
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摘要
本试验研究了两种不同的半胱胺预混剂(Ⅰ、Ⅱ号)对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标的影响以及Ⅱ号半胱胺预混剂对生长猪主要营养物质表观消化代谢率的影响。
1 半胱胺对仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响
选取平均体重11.71kg的长×大仔猪45头，随机分成3组(A、B、C组)，每组3个重复，每个重复5头猪。A组为对照组，饲喂基础日粮，B、C组为试验组，在基础同粮中分别添加Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号半胱胺预混剂，添加量为400mg／kg(有效剂量：120mg／kg)日粮。试验结果为：与对照组相比，B、C组日增重分别提高了9.40％(P＜0.05)、13.17％(P＜0.05)，饲料转化率分别提高了5.75％、8.85％，采食量均提高了3％，腹泻指数分别降低了43.84％、55.86％；B、C组AKP活性分别提高了21.31％、31.54％，LDH活性试验组B、C分别比对照组A提高了14.19％、15.90％，GPT活性分别提高了18.08％，3.99％，GOT活性分别降低了41.27％(p＜0.05)，26.95％；TP含量分别降低了36.47％(p＜0.05)，27.33％(p＜0.05)，ALB含量分别降低了50.08％(p＜0.01)，40％(p＜0.01)，GLOB含量分别降低了26.52％，18.17％；B、C组血清尿素氮含量分别降低了3.44％、9.73％，胆固醇含量分别降低了11.08％、44.78％(p＜0.01)；B、C组SS水平分别降低了35.62％(p＜0.01)、40.08％(p＜0.01)，GH水平分别提高了127.61％(p＜0.01)、166.69％(p＜0.01)，T_3水平分别提高了6.72％、9.91％(p＜0.01)，T_4水平分别提高了8.74％(p＜0.05)、7.32％。在本试验中CS对INS的分泌没有影响，A、B、C组INS水平分别为30.733±9.499μIU／ml、30.960±14.989μIU／ml、28.502±6.863μIU／ml。
2 半胱胺对生长猪营养物质消化代谢率的影响
选取6头体重50Kg左右的去势健康长×大公猪随机分为2组(设1个对照组和1个试验组)，每组3头。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加750mg／kg(有效剂量：225mg／kg)Ⅱ号半胱胺预混剂。试验结果为：试验组猪对饲料中主要养分的表观消化代谢率比对照组都有所提高，其中试验组粗蛋白、能量、钙和磷的表观消化率分别比对照组提高了2.18％(p＜0.01)、2.65％(p＜0.05)、
15.47%(p(0.05)和13.50%(p<0.05);氮、能量、钙和磷的表观代谢率比对照
组分别提高了33.74%(p<0.‘01)、4.57%(p<0.01)、33.65%(p<0.01)和15.47劳
(P(0.05)。
从以上两个试验可以看出CS能耗竭体内SS，使GH、T3、T;水平升高，从而
促进了猪对营养物质的消化吸收。同时半胧胺的添加还提高了猪血清LDH、AKP、
GPT的活性，但降低了GOT的活性和TP、ALB、GLOB含量。半肤胺的添加还提高
了猪的采食量，减少了腹泻，提高了猪的生长性能。此外，本试验还得出结论，
n号半肤胺预混剂在提高猪的生长性能方面要优于I号半肤胺预混剂。
The tests studied the effects of two types of cysteamine-premix ( I, II) on the growth performance and blood biochemical parameters in piglets and the effects of cysteamine-premix of type II on the apparent digestibility and metabolism of main nutrients in growing pigs .
1 Effect of cysteamine on the growth performance and blood biochemical parameters in piglets
45 Landrace X Yorkshire piglets at the average body weight of 11.71 kg were divided randomly into 3 groups (Group A,B,C) in which there were 3 replicates each and 5 piglets in every replicates . Group A which was the control group were fed on the basic ration ,while group B and C which were the experiment groups were fed on two types of basic ration added with two types of cysteamine-premix (I, II) respectively , the dosage both were 400mg/kg(Effective dosage :120 mg/kg ) ration .The results indicated : in comparison with the control, the average daily gain of group B and C increased by 9.40% (P<0.05) , 13.17% (P<0.05) respectively ,feed conversion efficiency increased by 5.75% , 8.85% respectively , average daily feed intake both increased by 3% , diarrhea rate decreased by 43.84% , 55.86% respectively ; AKP activity of group B and C increased by 21.31% , 31.54% respectively , LDH activity of group B and C increased by 14.19% , 15.90% , GPT activity increased by 18.08% , 3.99% respectively , GOT activity de
creased by 41.27%(p<0.05), 26.95% respectively ; TP concentration of group B and C decreased by 36.47% (p<0.05 ) , 27.33% (p<0.05) respectively , ALB concentration decreased by 50.08% (p<0.01) , 40% (p<0.01) respectively ,GLOB concentration decreased by 26.52% , 18.17% respectively ; the serum urea nitrogen concentration of group B and C decreased by 3.44% , 9.73% respectively , cholesterin concentration decreased by 11.08% , 44.78% (p<0.01) respectively ; SS level of group B and C decreased by 35.62% (p<0.01) , 40.08% (p<0.01) respectively ; GH level increased by 127.61%
(p<0.01) , 166.69% (p<0.01) respectively , T3level increased by 6.72% , 9.91%
(p<0.01) respectively, T4 level increased by 8.74% (p<0.05 ), 7.32% respectively . In this test, CS had no effects on the secretion of INS , the INS level of group A, B , C was 30.733 + 9.499uIU/ml , 30.960 + 14.989uIU/ml , 28.502 + 6.863uIU/ml respectively.
2 Effect of cysteamine on the digestibility and metabolism of
nutrients in growing pigs
6 Landrace X Yorkshire castrated male pigs at the body weight of about 50 kg were divided randomly into 2 groups (One was the control , the other was the experiment) , and there were 3 pigs each group . The control were fed on the basic ration , and the experiment were fed on the basic ration added with cysteamine-premix( II) , the dosage was 750mg/kg(Effective dosage was 225mg/kg) ration . The results indicated : the apparent digestibility and metabolism of the main nutrients of the experiment were higher than that of the control. Apparent digestibility of CP , GE , Ca and P increased by 2.18% (p<0.01) , 2.65% (p<0.05) , 15.47% (p<0.05) and 13.50% (p<0.05) respectively ; apparent metabolism of nitrogen , energy , Ca and P increased by 33.74% ( p<0.01), 4.57% ( p<0.01), 33.65% ( p<0.01) and 15.47% (p<0.05) respectively.
The results of the two tests suggested that CS can deplete SS and increase the content of GH , T3 , T4 in serum of pigs, thereby accelerated the apparent digestibility and metabolism of nutrients in pigs . At the same time , CS increased the activity of the LDH , AKP , GPT, but it decreased the activity of the GOT and the content of the TP, ALB , GLOB in the serum of pigs . CS enhanced feed intake , decreased diarrhea and increased growth performance of pigs . There was another conclusion : the effects of cysteamine-premix of type lion the growth performance was better than that of the cysteamine-premix of type I in pigs .
1 半胱胺对仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响
选取平均体重11.71kg的长×大仔猪45头，随机分成3组(A、B、C组)，每组3个重复，每个重复5头猪。A组为对照组，饲喂基础日粮，B、C组为试验组，在基础同粮中分别添加Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号半胱胺预混剂，添加量为400mg／kg(有效剂量：120mg／kg)日粮。试验结果为：与对照组相比，B、C组日增重分别提高了9.40％(P＜0.05)、13.17％(P＜0.05)，饲料转化率分别提高了5.75％、8.85％，采食量均提高了3％，腹泻指数分别降低了43.84％、55.86％；B、C组AKP活性分别提高了21.31％、31.54％，LDH活性试验组B、C分别比对照组A提高了14.19％、15.90％，GPT活性分别提高了18.08％，3.99％，GOT活性分别降低了41.27％(p＜0.05)，26.95％；TP含量分别降低了36.47％(p＜0.05)，27.33％(p＜0.05)，ALB含量分别降低了50.08％(p＜0.01)，40％(p＜0.01)，GLOB含量分别降低了26.52％，18.17％；B、C组血清尿素氮含量分别降低了3.44％、9.73％，胆固醇含量分别降低了11.08％、44.78％(p＜0.01)；B、C组SS水平分别降低了35.62％(p＜0.01)、40.08％(p＜0.01)，GH水平分别提高了127.61％(p＜0.01)、166.69％(p＜0.01)，T_3水平分别提高了6.72％、9.91％(p＜0.01)，T_4水平分别提高了8.74％(p＜0.05)、7.32％。在本试验中CS对INS的分泌没有影响，A、B、C组INS水平分别为30.733±9.499μIU／ml、30.960±14.989μIU／ml、28.502±6.863μIU／ml。
2 半胱胺对生长猪营养物质消化代谢率的影响
选取6头体重50Kg左右的去势健康长×大公猪随机分为2组(设1个对照组和1个试验组)，每组3头。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加750mg／kg(有效剂量：225mg／kg)Ⅱ号半胱胺预混剂。试验结果为：试验组猪对饲料中主要养分的表观消化代谢率比对照组都有所提高，其中试验组粗蛋白、能量、钙和磷的表观消化率分别比对照组提高了2.18％(p＜0.01)、2.65％(p＜0.05)、
15.47%(p(0.05)和13.50%(p<0.05);氮、能量、钙和磷的表观代谢率比对照
组分别提高了33.74%(p<0.‘01)、4.57%(p<0.01)、33.65%(p<0.01)和15.47劳
(P(0.05)。
从以上两个试验可以看出CS能耗竭体内SS，使GH、T3、T;水平升高，从而
促进了猪对营养物质的消化吸收。同时半胧胺的添加还提高了猪血清LDH、AKP、
GPT的活性，但降低了GOT的活性和TP、ALB、GLOB含量。半肤胺的添加还提高
了猪的采食量，减少了腹泻，提高了猪的生长性能。此外，本试验还得出结论，
n号半肤胺预混剂在提高猪的生长性能方面要优于I号半肤胺预混剂。
The tests studied the effects of two types of cysteamine-premix ( I, II) on the growth performance and blood biochemical parameters in piglets and the effects of cysteamine-premix of type II on the apparent digestibility and metabolism of main nutrients in growing pigs .
1 Effect of cysteamine on the growth performance and blood biochemical parameters in piglets
45 Landrace X Yorkshire piglets at the average body weight of 11.71 kg were divided randomly into 3 groups (Group A,B,C) in which there were 3 replicates each and 5 piglets in every replicates . Group A which was the control group were fed on the basic ration ,while group B and C which were the experiment groups were fed on two types of basic ration added with two types of cysteamine-premix (I, II) respectively , the dosage both were 400mg/kg(Effective dosage :120 mg/kg ) ration .The results indicated : in comparison with the control, the average daily gain of group B and C increased by 9.40% (P<0.05) , 13.17% (P<0.05) respectively ,feed conversion efficiency increased by 5.75% , 8.85% respectively , average daily feed intake both increased by 3% , diarrhea rate decreased by 43.84% , 55.86% respectively ; AKP activity of group B and C increased by 21.31% , 31.54% respectively , LDH activity of group B and C increased by 14.19% , 15.90% , GPT activity increased by 18.08% , 3.99% respectively , GOT activity de
creased by 41.27%(p<0.05), 26.95% respectively ; TP concentration of group B and C decreased by 36.47% (p<0.05 ) , 27.33% (p<0.05) respectively , ALB concentration decreased by 50.08% (p<0.01) , 40% (p<0.01) respectively ,GLOB concentration decreased by 26.52% , 18.17% respectively ; the serum urea nitrogen concentration of group B and C decreased by 3.44% , 9.73% respectively , cholesterin concentration decreased by 11.08% , 44.78% (p<0.01) respectively ; SS level of group B and C decreased by 35.62% (p<0.01) , 40.08% (p<0.01) respectively ; GH level increased by 127.61%
(p<0.01) , 166.69% (p<0.01) respectively , T3level increased by 6.72% , 9.91%
(p<0.01) respectively, T4 level increased by 8.74% (p<0.05 ), 7.32% respectively . In this test, CS had no effects on the secretion of INS , the INS level of group A, B , C was 30.733 + 9.499uIU/ml , 30.960 + 14.989uIU/ml , 28.502 + 6.863uIU/ml respectively.
2 Effect of cysteamine on the digestibility and metabolism of
nutrients in growing pigs
6 Landrace X Yorkshire castrated male pigs at the body weight of about 50 kg were divided randomly into 2 groups (One was the control , the other was the experiment) , and there were 3 pigs each group . The control were fed on the basic ration , and the experiment were fed on the basic ration added with cysteamine-premix( II) , the dosage was 750mg/kg(Effective dosage was 225mg/kg) ration . The results indicated : the apparent digestibility and metabolism of the main nutrients of the experiment were higher than that of the control. Apparent digestibility of CP , GE , Ca and P increased by 2.18% (p<0.01) , 2.65% (p<0.05) , 15.47% (p<0.05) and 13.50% (p<0.05) respectively ; apparent metabolism of nitrogen , energy , Ca and P increased by 33.74% ( p<0.01), 4.57% ( p<0.01), 33.65% ( p<0.01) and 15.47% (p<0.05) respectively.
The results of the two tests suggested that CS can deplete SS and increase the content of GH , T3 , T4 in serum of pigs, thereby accelerated the apparent digestibility and metabolism of nutrients in pigs . At the same time , CS increased the activity of the LDH , AKP , GPT, but it decreased the activity of the GOT and the content of the TP, ALB , GLOB in the serum of pigs . CS enhanced feed intake , decreased diarrhea and increased growth performance of pigs . There was another conclusion : the effects of cysteamine-premix of type lion the growth performance was better than that of the cysteamine-premix of type I in pigs .
引文
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46 姜礼胜，陈杰，陈伟华．半胱胺对生长猪生长激素脉冲释放及有关代谢激素的影响．中国兽医学报，2002，22(3)：262-264
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57 张昌如，周立明．缓释包膜半胱胺对育肥猪生产性能的影响．上海畜牧兽医通讯，2003(1)：22-22
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54 洪奇华，杨彩梅．半胱胺不同添加方式对生长肥育猪胴体品质的影响．饲料研究，2003(5)：6-7
55 韦习会，夏东．半胱胺(CT2000)对育肥后期猪生产性能与经济效益的影响．江苏农业科学，2003(3)：56-58
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57 张昌如，周立明．缓释包膜半胱胺对育肥猪生产性能的影响．上海畜牧兽医通讯，2003(1)：22-22
58 王玢．人体及动物生理学．高等教育出版社，1986
59 [美]哈珀等著，王明运等译．生理化学评论．科学出版社，1985：575-639
60 Darras VM, Vanderpooten A.Food intake after hatching inhibits growth hormone induced stimulation of the thyroxine to triioddthyronine conversion in the
chicken. Horm. Metabolic Res, 1991,23:469
61 徐晓利．医学生物化学．人民卫生出版社．1998：10
62 汪玉松，邹思湘，张玉静．现代动物生物化学．中国农业科技出版社。1999
63 刘均利．半胱胺耗竭体内生长抑素及其机制．生理科学进展．1990，21(3)：271～274
64 王恩秀．半胱胺对大鼠生长及免疫的影响．畜牧兽医学报，2002，33(6)
65 王重庆．分子免疫学基础．北京大学出版社．1997，49-137
66 易国华．中国畜牧杂志．1999，35(3)：31-32
67 伍革民、柳小春、施启顺等．血浆酶活性与猪生产性状及其杂种优势的相关研究[J]．甘肃畜牧兽医．1999，1：34—36．
68 罗莉．半胱胺对草鱼胴体代谢、转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响．饲料广角，2003，16：33-34
69 催立，徐建雄，陆天水等．添加半胱胺制剂对种鸡产蛋性能及养分代谢率的影响．上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)，2002，20(3)：219-223